Table Of ContentBeyond Turk and Hindu
Copyright 2000 by David Gilmartin and Bruce Lawrence. This work
is licensed under a modified Creative Commons Attribution-Non-
commercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a
copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
3.0/. You are free to electronically copy, distribute, and transmit this
work if you attribute authorship. However, all printing rights are re-
served by the University Press of Florida (http://www.upf.com). Please con-
tact UPF for information about how to obtain copies of the work for print
distribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by
the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they en-
dorse you or your use of the work). For any reuse or distribution, you
must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of the
above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the Uni-
versity Press of Florida. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts
the author’s moral rights.
Florida A&M University, Tallahassee
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers
Florida International University, Miami
Florida State University, Tallahassee
University of Central Florida, Orlando
University of Florida, Gainesville
University of North Florida, Jacksonville
University of South Florida, Tampa
University of West Florida, Pensacola
Beyond Turk and Hindu
Rethinking Religious Identities
in Islamicate South Asia
Edited by David Gilmartin and Bruce B. Lawrence
University Press of Florida
Gainesville ·Tallahassee ·Tampa ·Boca Raton
Pensacola ·Orlando ·Miami ·Jacksonville ·Ft. Myers
Copyright 2000 by David Gilmartin and Bruce Lawrence
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
All rights reserved
05 04 03 02 01 00 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Beyond Turk and Hindu: rethinking religious identities in Islamicate
South India / edited by David Gilmartin and Bruce Lawrence.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8130-1781-5 (cloth: alk. paper)
1. Islam—Relations—Hinduism. 2. Hinduism—Relations—Islam.
3. India—Ethnic relations. 4. Ethnicity—India. 5. India—Religion.
I. Gilmartin, David. II. Lawrence, Bruce.
BP173.H5 B47 2000
297.2'845'0954—dc21 00-055977
The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for
the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M
University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University,
Florida International University, Florida State University, University of
Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida,
University of South Florida, and University of West Florida.
University Press of Florida
15 Northwest 15th Street
Gainesville, FL 32611–2079
http://www.upf.com
Contents
List of Figures, Maps, and Tables vii
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
David Gilmartin and Bruce B. Lawrence
Section 1: Literary Genres, Architectural Forms, and Identities
1. Alternate Structures of Authority: Satya P•r on the Frontiers
of Bengal 21
Tony K. Stewart
2. Beyond Turk and Hindu: Crossing the Boundaries in Indo-Muslim
Romance 55
Christopher Shackle
3. Religious Vocabulary and Regional Identity: A Study of
the Tamil Cirappuranam 74
Vasudha Narayanan
4. Admiring the Works of the Ancients: The Ellora Temples as Viewed
by Indo-Muslim Authors 98
Carl W. Ernst
5. Mapping Hindu-Muslim Identities through the Architecture
of Shahjahanabad and Jaipur 121
Catherine B. Asher
Section 2: Sufism, Biographies, and Religious Dissent
6. Indo-Persian Tazkiras as Memorative Communications 149
Marcia K. Hermansen and Bruce B. Lawrence
7. The “Naqshband• Reaction” Reconsidered 176
David W. Damrel
8. Real Men and False Men at the Court of Akbar: The Majalis of
Shaykh Mustafa Gujarati 199
Derryl N. MacLean
Section 3: The State, Patronage, and Political Order
9. Shari(cid:2)a and Governance in the Indo-Islamic Context 216
Muzaffar Alam
10. Temple Desecration and Indo-Muslim States 246
Richard M. Eaton
11. The Story of Prataparudra: Hindu Historiography
on the Deccan Frontier 282
Cynthia Talbot
12. Harihara, Bukka, and the Sultan: The Delhi Sultanate
in the Political Imagination of Vijayanagara 300
Phillip B. Wagoner
13. Maratha Patronage of Muslim Institutions
in Burhanpur and Khandesh 327
Stewart Gordon
Glossary 339
List of Contributors 345
Index 347
Figures, Maps, and Tables
Figures
5.1 Jami Mosque, Amber 124
5.2 Fakhr al-Masajid from street, Shahjahanabad, Delhi 125
5.3 Shivalaya of Dhumi Mal Khanna, Katra Nil, Shahjahanabad,
Delhi 128
5.4 Chandnee Chauk, Delhi 130
5.5 Entrance to the Sri Brijnandji Temple, Jaipur 131
5.6 Mosque of Maulana Zia al-Din Sahib, Jaipur 133
5.7 Interior, mosque at Dargah Zia al-Din Sahib, Jaipur 134
5.8 Interior courtyard of the haveli-style Ladliji temple, Katra Nil,
Shahjahanabad, Delhi 137
Maps
10.1 Temple desecrations, 1192–1394 272
10.2 Temple desecrations, 1394–1600 273
10.3 Temple desecrations, 1600–1760 274
Tables
10.1 Instances of temple desecration, 1192–1760 274a
12.1 Narrative structure of Vijayanagara’s founding 310a
Acknowledgments
This volume originated with a conference held under the auspices of the
Rockefeller Foundation. Without the encouragement and support of
Lynn Szwaja of the Arts and Humanities Division, we would not have
pursued our application to the foundation. It was a grant to the Triangle
South Asia Consortium that made possible a three-year Rockefeller
Residency Institute on South Asian Islam and the Greater Muslim
World. The conference was held at Duke University in April 1995, and
most of the papers included in this volume were originally presented on
that occasion, although some have been significantly revised to suit the
scope and theme of the current volume. Other scholars presented papers
or made comments at the conference that could not be included in this
volume. We would like to give special thanks to the following confer-
ence participants: Simon Digby, Eleanor Zelliott, James Laine, Sanjay
Subrahmanyam, Anisuzzaman, Philip Lutgendorf, Daniel Ehnbom,
Carol Salomon, Gregory Kozlowski, and Tazim Kassam.
John Richards of Duke University played a central role in conceptual-
izing and organizing the 1995 conference. From 1994 to 1998, he served
with Bruce Lawrence as codirector of the Rockefeller Residency Insti-
tute, and he was instrumental in the early stages of this volume’s prepa-
ration. We would also like to thank both Katherine Ewing and Munis
Faruqui, who not only participated in the conference but also helped to
ensure its success. Among those who gave time and energy to planning
the conference, Constance Blackmore of the Comparative Area Studies
Program at Duke University deserves special mention.
In preparing these papers for publication, we are indebted to the out-
side reviewers from University Press of Florida. They read and com-
mented on the initial draft in painstaking detail. It was due to their in-
sight that we reorganized the essays and also reduced their number.
Nor could we have produced a readable volume without the skill of
John Caldwell in the initial scanning and editing of these essays and the
labor of Rob Rozehnal in formatting the final version of essays to con-
form to University Press of Florida guidelines. Patient in all aspects of
x | Acknowledgments
drafting, copying, and preparing the manuscript for publication was
Lillian Spiller, administrative assistant to the Department of Religion at
Duke University. We acknowledge their collective assistance, even
while absolving them of responsibility for the content of this manu-
script. The editors are the sole custodians of blame, while all the above
are to be thanked for making possible a volume that is at once unique in
content and challenging to received wisdom about South Asia.
Note on Transliteration
A volume including papers drawn from such a wide variety of linguistic
sources as this one presents unusual problems of transliteration. Since
many words of Islamicate origin appear in variant forms in Indic lan-
guages, we decided that it would violate the spirit of the volume to at-
tempt to impose any standardized system of transliteration. We have
thus left it to individual authors to use whatever system suited them.
Some have employed a full range of diacritics while others have not. We
have attempted to note in the glossary some of the more common vari-
ant spellings that appear in the volume.
Description:10.3 Temple desecrations, 1600–1760 274. Tables. 10.1 Instances of We
would also like to thank both Katherine Ewing and Munis. Faruqui, who not
labor of Rob Rozehnal in formatting the final version of essays to con- form to
University think it is judgment at the end of each life, while Hindu
