Between Empire And Continent: British Foreign Policy Before The First World War

543 Pages·2019·2.721 MB·English

by  Andreas Rose, Rona Johnston [Translator]

Between Empire and Continent
Studies in British and Imperial History
Published for the German Historical Institute, London
Editor: Andreas Gestrich, Director of the German Historical Institute, London
Volume 1
The Rise of Market Society in England, 1066–1800
Christiane Eisenberg
Translated by Deborah Cohen
Volume 2
Sacral Kingship between Disenchantment and Re-enchantment:
The French and English Monarchies 1587–1688
Ronald G. Asch
Volume 3
The Forgotten Majority:
German Merchants in London, Naturalization and Global Trade, 1660–1815
Margit Schulte Beerbühl
Translated by Cynthia Klohr
Volume 4
Crown, Church and Constitution
Popular Conservatism in England, 1815–1867
Jörg Neuheiser
Translated by Jennifer Walcoff Neuheiser
Volume 5
Between Empire and Continent
British Foreign Policy before the First World War
Andreas Rose
Translated by Rona Johnston
B E
ETWEEN MPIRE AND
C
ONTINENT
British Foreign Policy before the First World War
?
Andreas Rose
Translated by Rona Johnston
berghahn
N E W Y O R K • O X F O R D
www.berghahnbooks.com
Published in 2017 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
English-language edition © 2017, 2019 Berghahn Books
First paperback edition published in 2019
Originally published in German as Zwischen Empire und Kontinent,
© 2011 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH München. All rights reserved.
The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften International –
Translation Funding for Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany,
a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal
Foreign Office, the collecting society VG WORT and the Börsenverein des
Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association).
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages
for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented,
without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. cataloging record is available from the Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78533-578-5 hardback
ISBN 978-1-78920-507-7 paperback
ISBN 978-1-78533-579-2 ebook
C
ONTENTS
List of Illustrations vi
List of Abbreviations vii
Acknowledgements x
Foreword by Sir Christopher Clark xiii
Introduction 1
1 The Public Sphere in Edwardian London 11
2 The Policy of Drift? Balance of Power, Concert of Europe, or Political
Power Blocs? 72
3 Safety First: The Politics of Defence and the Realities behind
Diplomacy 129
4 Imperial Defence or Continental Commitment? 182
5 Foreign Policy under Lansdowne and Balfour 216
6 The Myth of Continuity: Foreign Policy under Edward Grey 273
7 The Committee of Four: The German Peril Revisited 306
8 At the Cost of Stability: The Anglo-Russian Convention and its
European Implications 344
9 ‘More Russian than the Russians’? British Balkan Diplomacy and the
Annexation of Bosnia 1908/9 401
Conclusion and Perspectives: The Triad of British Foreign Politics 462
Bibliography 483
Index 521
I
LLUSTRATIONS
Tables
3.1 Naval planning for the period 1900 to 1920 136
3.2 Fleet strength (September 1903) 152
7.1 ‘Effective Fighting Fleets of the Nations’ (31 March 1906) 309
7.2 ‘British Fighting Fleet Compared’ (31 March 1909) 325
Figure
1.1 The invasion of 1910 53
A
BBREVIATIONS
AA Auswärtiges Amt (German Foreign Office)
ADM Admiralty
AP Accounts and Papers
APS Die Auswärtige Politik Serbiens, 1903–1914
BA-MA Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg
BD British Documents on the Origins of the War, 1898–1914
BDFA British Documents on Foreign Affairs
BDS Graf Benckendorffs Diplomatischer Schriftwechsel, ed. by Benno
von Siebert, Leipzig 1921.
BelD Die Belgischen Dokumente zur Vorgeschichte des Weltkrieges,
1905–1914
BelZ Die Belgischen Zirkulare
BL British Library, London
BLPES British Library of Political and Economic Science, London
BMH Berliner Monatshefte
BOD Bodleian Library, Oxford
BUL Birmingham University Library, Birmingham
CC Churchill College Archive Centre, Cambridge
Cd. Command Papers (HCPP)
CO Colonial Office
CR Contemporary Review
CUL Cambridge University Library, Cambridge
DA Diplomatische Aktenstücke zur Geschichte der Ententepolitik
DDF Documents Diplomatiques Français, 2ième Series, 1871–1914
DDS Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz, 1848–1945
DNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2nd Edition, London
1908-9.
DNI Director of Naval Intelligence
EHR English Historical Review
ER Edinburgh Review
FDSF From Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, Ed. Arthur Marder, London 1961
FGDN Fear God and Dread Nought, Ed. Arthur Marder, London 1952–1959
FO Foreign Office
FR Fortnightly Review
viii | Abbreviations
FRUS Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States
GL Guildhall Library, London
GP Die Große Politik der Europäischen Kabinette, 1871–1914
GStA Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz
HCPP House of Commons Parliamentary Papers
HH Hatfield House, Hertfordshire
HHStA Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Vienna
HJ Historical Journal
HLRO House of Lords Record Office, London
HMM Harper’s Monthly Magazine
HoT III History of The Times, Vol. III, London 1947
IHR International History Review
IOL India Office Library, London
IWM Imperial War Museum, London
JBS Journal of British Studies
JCH Journal of Contemporary History
JICH Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
JL Brett, Maurice V., and Viscount Esher (Eds.), Journals and Letters of
Reginald Viscount Esher, 4 Vols., London 1938.
JMH Journal of Modern History
JRSA Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
JRUSI Journal of the Royal United Services Institute
JSS Journal of Strategic Studies
KA Krasnyiarchiv, Moskau, Bde. 69–70
LHCMA Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College London
LoC Library of Congress, Washington
MÖSTA Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs
MR Monthly Review
NA National Archives, Kew
NAM National Army Museum, London
NAR North American Review
NAS National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh
NC Nineteenth Century and After
NIA News International Archives (Times Archive), London
NLS National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh
NMM National Maritime Museum, London
NR National Review
NRAS National Register of Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh
NRO Norfolk Record Office
NRS Naval Records Society
ÖUA Österreich-Ungarns Außenpolitik von der Bosnischen Krise 1908
bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914
Abbreviations | ix
PA Parliamentary Archives, London
PA-AA Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Berlin
PD Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates
QR Quarterly Review
RL The Letters of Lieutenant Colonel Charles à Court Repington
RR The Review of Reviews
USL University of Southampton, Hartley Library, Southampton
USM United Service Magazine
WO War Office
WSRO West Sussex Record Office, Chichester