Best practice guideline for workplace health and safety during avian influenza

2008·2.8 MB·English

by  Alberta. Alberta Employment and Immigration

Bes^ractice Guideline
c • “S
for Workplace Health & S afety
During Avian Influenza
Thi* docwmcni Km b««n d«v«top«d by lh« Oov«fnm«ni of ANm*I«. orttb mput from
• Albof !• Empfoymool and Immtgralioo
• Alboru AgrtcuHuro and Rural Oovolopmaoi
• AJborta HaaMh artd Walirtaaa
TiMa boat pracbco gutdaiuto ta iolandod lo bo cooaiaioni ordh iho duociwo of documonta on avtan mRuonfa
from AlboMa Hoafib artd WoUrtoaa. US Cartiar for O»aoaaa Comrol artd llto World Hoafib Orgarttaabort
Copyrlgbi artd Tarma of Uaa
Tbra rrtafortal. Ntcfudirtg copyrtglM artd rrtarka urtdor Ibo Trada Marka Acf iCartadal m o arrtad by l**a
Oovarrtrrtarti of AJbaria artd profactad by lata TMa rrtafarlal may ba waa<L raproducad. aaorad O* Irartamdiad
for rtort corrtrrtarciai purpoaa Motaaaar. Croarrt copyrtgbl la lo ba ackrtoaaladgad N II dlo ba waad. raproducad.
alorad or irartarrutiad for corrtritarctal purpoaaa wrdlart cortaarti of Iba Mauaiar la rtacaaaary
a a I » .
Inforrrtaftort Mt ibra docuntam d p rotridad aolafy for iba uaar'a wdorrrtabort artd <a pro»tdad alrtclfy ort art *aa d*
baad artd ardboul arry ararraniy of arry katd Tba Crodrv, Na agartim. ampAdaaa or comraclora «adl rtol ba babd
for arry darrtagaa. daaci or Mtdwacl. or loal prpfHa artamg owl of uaa of trtforrrtabort ptoatdad « Iftd docwrrtam
or for inforrrtaiiort proxridad al arty of Iba raaowrca adaa baiad at thd docwrrtani
TMa docwmarti d a vaHabd ort Iba taabada al artaw ararbaafafy arg
Copyrtgbl 4) nOR Oowartwrtam of ARtaria
Table of Contents
Section 1; Overview 3
Section 2: What is Avian Influenza? 5
• W hat is avian influenza? 5
• H ow can avian influenza affect workers? 5
• How is avian influenza transmitted to workers? 6
• How is avian influenza different from seasonal or pandemic influenza? 6
Section 3: Work Environment during an Avian Influenza Outbreak 7
• How does avian influenza relate to you and your workplace? 7
• How can your workplace prepare for and respond to an avian influenza outbreak? 7
Section 4: Roles and Responsibilities - W orkplace Health & S afety 9
Section 5: Hazard Assessment and Control 11
• W hat is a h azard? 11
• W hat category of hazard is the avian influenza virus? 12
•Why assess? 13
• How to assess avian influenza in your environment 13
Step 1 : List types of work and work-related activities 14
Step 2: Identify the hazard 16
Step 3: Assess the hazards 17
Step 4: Implement controls 18
Step 5: Communicate the information to workers and provide training 29
Step 6: Evaluate the effectiveness of controls 32
Section 6: First Aid 33
Useful References 35
• A ppendix 1 - C anadian Food Inspection Agency Control Zones 37
• A ppendix 2 - H azard Assessment 38
• A ppendix 3 - B lank Record of Training Form 39
1
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2016
https://archive.org/details/bestpracticeguid00albe_2
Section 1: Overview
During an avian influenza outbreak some workers may be at risk of coming in contact
with the virus at their workplaces. How can you protect workplace health and safety
during an avian influenza outbreak? Read on.
The information included in this document is — to the best of our knowledge — current at
the time of printing. The document is intended to serve as a g uideline to all workplaces
affected by avian influenza and provides information on legislated requirements, best
practices, guidelines and strategies in workplace health and safety in the event of an
avian influenza outbreak. While legislated requirements — the laws — are specifically
identified; the rest provides general information rather than a d efinitive guide to specific
practices or procedures. This document provides guidelines, only you can (and must)
identify the specific hazards and controls required for your workplace.
This document provides you with an overview of best practices in workplace health and
safety for the protection of your workers against the avian influenza virus during an outbreak.
For the purpose of this document, a b est practice is a program, process, strategy,
or activity that;
• Has been shown to be effective in the prevention of workplace illness or injury.
• H as been implemented, maintained, and evaluated.
• Is based on current information.
• Is of value to, or transferable to, other organizations.
In Alberta, the requirements for health and safety are outlined in the Occupational
Health and Safety Act (OHS Act), Regulation (OHS Regulation), and Code (OHS Code).
The Act, Regulation, and Code are available for viewing or downloading on the Alberta
Employment and Immigration (AEI), Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) website at
http://employment.alberta.ca/whs-ohs.This document does not replace the OHS
Act, Regulation, and Code and does not exempt you from your responsibilities under
the legislation.
Official printed copies may be purchased from the Oueen's Printer at
www.qp.gov.ab. ca/custom_page.cfm?page_id+41 or:
Edmonton
Main Floor, Park Plaza
10611 - 9 8 Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta
RESOURCES
T5K2P7
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
3

Section 2: What is Avian Influenza?
What is avian influenza?
Avian influenza, or "bird flu',' is a contagious disease caused by viruses that nornnally infect
only wild and/or domestic birds.
The terms low and high pathogenic are used to determine the effect of the
virus on the health of the bird population.
Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI): Low pathogenic avian influenza is
commonly present in wild waterfowl such as ducks. Most avian influenza A
viruses are low pathogenic avian influenza viruses that are associated with
mild disease/symptoms in poultry and may easily go undetected in birds.
High pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI): The high pathogenic avian influenza
virus is of higher risk to birds as it spreads very rapidly through poultry flocks,
causing a large die off in the infected birds.
How can avian influenza affect workers?
During an avian influenza outbreak, there is the potential that the avian influenza virus
could be spread from infected poultry/birds to exposed workers who are not properly
protected from the hazard.
Some strains of the avian influenza virus may infect a small number of workers who
come in direct contact with sick birds (e.g. workers involved in clean-up/culling of birds)
or environments contaminated with the virus. It is very rare that human-to-human spread
of avian influenza will occur among workers.^
Humans infected with avian influenza (e.g. through contaminated environments or
machinery) may develop symptoms within one to five days of exposure to the virus.
People will commonly display symptoms that resemble those of the conventional
(seasonal) influenza. These include: coughing, a f ever, sore throat, and muscle aches.
A r elatively mild eye infection (conjunctivitis) is sometimes the only indication of the
disease. More severe symptoms of avian influenza include: viral pneumonia and acute
respiratory distress.^
1 http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/pdf/flu_viruses.pdf
2 h ttp://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex8136
3 h ttp://www.mayoclinic.eom/health/bird-flu/DS00566/DSECTION =2
5
How is avian influenza transmitted to workers?
Avian influenza infection in workers can potentially occur from contact with
• I nfected poultry and under or uncooked poultry products
• I nfected wild or domestic birds, manure and litter containing high concentrations
of the avian influenza virus
• C ontaminated surfaces, vehicles, equipment, clothing arxf footwear at infected
sites (e.g infected poultry farms)/
How is avian influenza different from seasonal or pandemic influenza?
Avian (Bird) Pandemic Seasonal (Human)
Influenza Influenza Influenza
• A d isease caused by
• A d isease of birds/animals • A n ew strain of influenza
virus that spreads quickly influerua viruses earned
caused by influenza viruses
carried and spread between among humans worldwide and spread between
birds. because humans have humans.
^ • I ndividuals are infected
• W ild birds, specifically 1 no pre existing immunity
waterfowl, are the main against it. by these different strains
carriers. i • Potential to cause large of influenza at multiple
number(s) of human illness times during their lives.
• D omestic poultry can get the
and death. Even though the virus may
virus from wild birds and
change slightly from year
may become seriously ill. 1 • A s pecific vaccine can not
to year, most people will
• Humans may (but rarely) be 1 be developed until the new continue to have some
strain has emerged.
infected with the virus when
protection against slightly
in close contact with infected changed viruses.
birds/animals, their waste/ particularly if they
environment, or uncooked are immunized yearly.
or undercooked infected
poultry products.
!
Can avian influenza become pandemic influenza?
The avian influenza virus does not spread easily or rapidly among humans. However,
influenza viruses have the possibility to mingle with one another and develop into a
new strain. If someone with human influenza also becomes infected with avian influenza,
there is a chance that the viruses could mingle and turn into a new virus that spreads
easily from person to person This could lead to a p andemic influenza No one would
have immunity to the new virus.’
If avian influenza were to escalate to a p andemic influenza, please refer to
FOCUS
the resource: 8esr Pracffce GuidmHnt for Workplace Health ar>d Safety During
Pandemic Influenia
4 M lp WWW pT>«c Mpc 0C c« pwb1ic«l iMo « h tm<«Z3
SNIP WWW Kc «C 0C >vr> Vtv Ovwn «*«9 ptip
6
Section 3: Work Environment during an Avian Influenza Outbreak
How does avian influenza relate to you and your workplace?
Avian influenza introduces a p otential biological hazard into some workplaces
(e.g. poultry farming operations, zoos, egg production facilities). Your overall workplace
hazard assessment must consider the risks that the avian influenza virus may introduce
into your work environment, especially when job tasks require that workers participate
in a workplace affected by the avian influenza virus.
How can your workplace prepare for and respond to an avian influenza outbreak?
This document addresses workplace health and safety best practices, options and
strategies for preparation and response to preserve health and safety in all Alberta
workplaces that could potentially be affected by an avian influenza outbreak.
The hazard assessment tool focuses on potential and actual health and safety issues
during an avian influenza outbreak and provides methods for controlling or reducing
the risk of exposure to the virus in y our workplace.
Examples of workplaces that may be affected by the avian influenza virus
during an outbreak may include;
• Poultry farms (backyard and industry)
FOCUS
• Poultry processing facilities
• Laboratories
• Z oos
• Hospitals and Veterinarian Clinics
In February of 2004, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency announced an
outbreak of high pathogenic avian influenza in poultry in British Columbia.
Culling operations and other measures were performed in an effort to control
the spread of the virus. Health Canada reported two cases of laboratory-
confirmed influenza A ( H7): one in a person involved in culling operations,
and the other in a poultry worker who had close contact with poultry. Both
patients developed conjunctivitis (eye infection) and other flu-like symptoms.
Although these are the only laboratory-confirmed cases of avian influenza A
(H7) in humans during this outbreak, approximately 10 other poultry workers
exhibited conjunctival and/or upper respiratory symptoms after having
contact with poultry.®
D D VG'
6 h ttp://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/outbreaks/past.htm
7