Best available pollution control technology - Metal Mining Sector

294 Pages·1992·10.9 MB·English

by  Kilborn Inc

STOPPING
WATER POLLUTION
AT ITS SOURCE
RI
PRM,
SAORI
ele
Le 2
D.
MISA
Municipafle /Industrial Strategy for Abatement
BEST AVAILABLE
POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
METAL MINING SECTOR
FT" Environment
Environnement
Ontario

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ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
METAL MINING SECTOR
BEST AVAILABLE POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
DECEMBER 1991
SECOND EDITION JUNE 1992
Prepared By:
KILBORN INC.
2200 Lake Shore Blvd. West
Toronto, Ontario
M8V 1A4
CANADA
and
THE ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS GROUP LTD.
20 Eglinton Avenue West, Suite 1006
Toronto, Ontario
M4R 1K8
CANADA

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ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
METAL MINING SECTOR
BEST AVAILABLE POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
aL TERMS OF REFERENCE
12 BACKGROUND
1.3 METAL MINING SECTOR
1.4 CONTROL PARAMETERS
“1.5 STUDY FORMAT
2 DATA SOURCES AND ACQUISITION PROCEDURES
2.1 DATA SOURCES
2:2. GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS
2.3 COMPUTER DATABASE SEARCH
2.4 PLANT IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING PROCEDURES
2.5 ONTARIO PROCESSING PLANTS
2.6 CANADIAN PROCESSING PLANTS OUTSIDE ONTARIO
27. UNITED STATES PROCESSING PLANTS
2.8 EUROPEAN PROCESSING PLANTS
2.9 AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND OPERATIONS
2.10 SITE VISITS
3 OVERVIEW OF POTENTIAL EFFLUENT CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
3.1 CYANIDE TREATMENT
3.2 HEAVY METAL REMOVAL
3.3 ARSENIC
3.4 SUSPENDED SOLIDS
3.5 AMMONIA
3.6 NITRATE/NITRITE
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ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
METAL MINING SECTOR
BEST AVAILABLE TREATMENT
SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
3.7 VOLATILE ORGANICS
3.8 PHENOLICS
3.9 DISSOLVED SOLIDS
3.10 pH
3.11 OIL AND GREASE
3.12 TOXICITY
3.13 ZERO VOLUME DISCHARGE
4 EFFLUENT QUALITY STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
4.1 CANADA - FEDERAL REGULATIONS
4.2 CANADA - PROVINCIAL REGULATIONS
4.3 UNITED STATES - FEDERAL REGULATIONS
4.4 EUROPE
4.5 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
4.6 OVERALL COMPARISONS
4.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) IN LABORATORY
TEST WORK
5 SCREENING OF WORLD WIDE OPERATIONS
5.1 ONTARIO PROCESSING PLANTS
52 CANADIAN PROCESSING PLANTS OUTSIDE ONTARIO
5.3 UNITED STATES PROCESSING PLANTS
5.4 EUROPEAN PROCESSING PLANTS
5.5 AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND OPERATIONS
6 INVENTORY OF SELECTED PLANT OPERATIONS
6.1 GOLD MINES AND MILLS
6.2 BASE METAL MINES/MILLS/SMELTERS
6.3 IRON MINES
6.4 URANIUM MINES/MILLS
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ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
METAL MINING SECTOR
BEST AVAILABLE TREATMENT
SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
6.5 SILVER MINES/MILLS
PREFERRED (BEST AVAILABLE) TECHNOLOGIES
7.1 GOLD SECTOR
Thr BASE METAL SECTOR
7.3 IRON ORE SECTOR
7.4 URANIUM SECTOR
7.5 SILVER SECTOR
ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES
8.1 GOLD SECTOR
8.2 BASE METAL SECTOR
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
9.1 PRACTICES EMPLOYED TO MINIMIZE UPSET CONDITIONS
9.2 PRACTICES TO CONTROL POLLUTANTS AT SOURCE
9.3 RECYCLE
9.4 OPERATOR TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
9.5 BACKFILL OPERATIONS
10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
10.1 APPROACH TO THE SELECTION OF BAT TECHNOLOGIES
10.2 COMPARISON OF REGULATORY STANDARDS AND APPROACHES
10.3 PREFERRED BAT LEVEL TECHNOLOGIES
10.4 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
10.5 NON-LETHALITY AND VIRTUAL ELIMINATION OF PERSISTENT TOXIC
CONTAMINANTS
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ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
METAL MINING SECTOR
BEST AVAILABLE TREATMENT
SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
11 REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
11.1 REFERENCES
11.2 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX A LIST OF CANADIAN MINES, MILLS AND SMELTERS
APPENDIX B LIST OF UNITED STATES MINES, MILLS AND SMELTERS
APPENDIX C CONTACT LIST - WORLD WIDE OPERATIONS AND AGENCIES OUTSIDE NORTH
AMERICA
APPENDIX D GLOSSARY
APPENDIX E CAPITAL AND OPERATING COST DETAILS FOR BAT
APPENDIX F CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS FOR ZERO VOLUME DISCHARGE
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ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
METAL MINING SECTOR
BEST AVAILABLE POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The BAT study team wishes to thank operators world wide, who kindly provided information for use in
preparation of the inventory of waste water treatment technology. We are particularly indebted to
Boliden Mineral AB of Sweden, to Metaleurop Weser Zink and Norddentsche Affinerie of Germany, and
to INCO Ltd. and Falconbridge Ltd. of Sudbury, Ontario, for hosting study team visits to their respective
waste water treatment plants.
Messrs. John Hawley (Study Director), Zarko Tesic, Gerry LaHaye and Sean Southey of the OMOE;
Messrs. Leonard Surges and Andrew Wollin of Environmental Canada: Ms. Elizabeth Gardiner and Ms.
Maxine Wiber representing the Ontario Mining Association; and Messrs. Brian Bell, Bob Michelutti and
Ron Connell, industry representatives; provided valuable comments during study progress meetings, as
well as comments on the draft report.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A-1