Table Of Content

Doray_6048Front.fm Page i Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM Beginning Apache Struts From Novice to Professional ■ ■ ■ Arnold Doray Doray_6048Front.fm Page ii Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM Beginning Apache Struts: From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2006 by Arnold Doray All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-604-3 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-604-8 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Steve Anglin Technical Reviewer: Kunal Mittal Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Dan Appleman, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jason Gilmore, Jonathan Hassell, James Huddleston, Chris Mills, Matthew Moodie, Dominic Shakeshaft, Jim Sumser, Matt Wade Project Manager: Julie M. Smith Copy Edit Manager: Nicole LeClerc Copy Editor: Liz Welch Assistant Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Susan Glinert Proofreader: Lori Bring Indexer: Valerie Perry Artist: Kinetic Publishing Services, LLC Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail [email protected], or visit http://www.springeronline.com. For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2560 Ninth Street, Suite 219, Berkeley, CA 94710. Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail [email protected], or visit http://www.apress.com. The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com in the Source Code section. Doray_6048Front.fm Page iii Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM To my darling wife Lillian, for her love, encouragement, and constant support, To my mother for always believing in me, To my father for showing me by example that you can accomplish almost anything you put your mind to, And to the One who gave up His life for us two thousand years ago. Doray_6048Front.fm Page iv Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM Doray_6048Front.fm Page v Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM Contents at a Glance About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi PART 1 Basic Struts ■ ■ ■ ■ CHAPTER 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ■ CHAPTER 2 Servlet and JSP Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ■ CHAPTER 3 Understanding Scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 ■ CHAPTER 4 Custom Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ■ CHAPTER 5 The MVC Design Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ■ CHAPTER 6 Simple Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 ■ CHAPTER 7 Processing Business Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ■ CHAPTER 8 Basic Struts Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 ■ CHAPTER 9 Configuring Struts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 ■ CHAPTER 10 More Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 ■ CHAPTER 11 Uploading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 ■ CHAPTER 12 Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 ■ CHAPTER 13 Review Lab: Editing Contacts in LILLDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 PART 2 Advanced Struts ■ ■ ■ ■ CHAPTER 14 Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 ■ CHAPTER 15 The Validator Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 ■ CHAPTER 16 Dynamic Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 ■ CHAPTER 17 Potpourri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 ■ CHAPTER 18 Review Lab: The Collection Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 ■ CHAPTER 19 Developing Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 ■ CHAPTER 20 JavaServer Faces and Struts Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 v Doray_6048Front.fm Page vi Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM ■ APPENDIX A Frameworks for the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 ■ APPENDIX B Commonly Used Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 ■ APPENDIX C Struts Tag Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 ■ APPENDIX D Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 ■ INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 vi Doray_6048Front.fm Page vii Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM CCoonntteennttss About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi PART 1 Basic Struts ■ ■ ■ ■ CHAPTER 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Is a Web Application? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Struts Can Do for You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 About You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 How to Read This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ■ CHAPTER 2 Servlet and JSP Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Lab 2: Installing Tomcat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Servlet Container Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Important Servlet Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 JavaServer Pages (JSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Deconstructing Hello.jsp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Final Thoughts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 ■ CHAPTER 3 Understanding Scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Lab 3: Scopes Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Session and Request Scope Internals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 vii Doray_6048Front.fm Page viii Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM viii ■ CONTENTS ■ CHAPTER 4 Custom Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Custom Tag Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 How Custom Tags Are Processed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 The Java Handler Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Helper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 The TLD File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Lab 4: A Temperature Conversion Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Step 1: Prepare the Development Environment and Scripts . . . . . . 32 Step 2: Write the Java Tag Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Step 3: Writing the Tag Library Descriptor file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Step 4: Amend web.xml. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Step 5: Write Your JSP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Step 6: Deploy and Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Professional Java Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ■ CHAPTER 5 The MVC Design Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 The Registration Webapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Requirement 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Requirement 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Requirement 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Requirement 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Requirement 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Lab 5: MVC Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Which Comes First? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Struts and MVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Lifecycle of a Struts Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Frameworks for the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ■ CHAPTER 6 Simple Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Processing Simple Validations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Anatomy of ActionForm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Using ActionErrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Doray_6048Front.fm Page ix Tuesday, January 24, 2006 4:42 PM ■ CONTENTS ix Lab 6: ContactForm for LILLDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Step 1: Prepare the Development Environment and Scripts . . . . . . 62 Step 2: Implement Getters and Setters for ContactForm. . . . . . . . . 63 Step 3: Implement validate() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Step 4: Implement reset() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 What Has Struts Done for You Today? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 ■ CHAPTER 7 Processing Business Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 1,2,3 Action! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Statelessness of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Subclassing Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Business Logic in the Registration Webapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Complex Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Data Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Lab 7: Implementing ContactAction for LILLDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 ■ CHAPTER 8 Basic Struts Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Page Processing Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Evaluation, Replacement, and Sending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 The View Component of the Registration Webapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Declaring and Installing the HTML and Bean Libraries. . . . . . . . . . . 83 Displaying Static Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Forms and Form Handlers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Data Input Tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Displaying Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Synopsis of HTML and Bean Tag Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Lab 8: Contact Entry Page for LILLDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ■ CHAPTER 9 Configuring Struts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 The Structure of struts-config.xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Configuring the Registration Webapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Declaring Form Beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Declaring Global Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Declaring Global Forwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

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Beginning Apache Struts will provide you a working knowledge of Apache Struts 1.2. This book is ideal for you Java programmers who have some JSP familiarity, but little or no prior experience with Servlet technology. Organized in a condensed tutorial and lab format, the material in this book has bee
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Beginning Apache Struts will provide you a working knowledge of Apache Struts 1.2. This book is ideal for you Java programmers who have some JSP familiarity, but little or no prior experience with Servlet technology. Organized in a condensed tutorial and lab format, the material in this book has bee

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