Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, Volume 1: Archaic, Classical, Mature, Second edition

260 Pages·1996·29.09 MB·English

by  Benjamin R. Foster

THE
Benjamin R. Foster
Assyrian scribe, eighth century B.C. wall painting from
Ti1 Barsib on the Middle Euphrates. [After F.
Thureau-Dangin et al., Til-Barsib (Paris, 1936), pl. L.]
Second Edition
CDL Press
Bethesda, Maryland
Contents
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Before the muses : an anthology of Akkadian literature / [selected and
-
translated by] Benjamin R. Foster. 2nd ed.
p. cm. Abbreviations xv
Includes bibliographical references and index. Preface xxvii
Contents: v. I. Archaic, classical, mature. v. 2. Mature, late.
I. Assyro-Babylonian literature-Translations into English. Acknowledgments xxxi
I. Foster. Benjamin R. (Benjamin Read)
pJ39s1.W 1996
892'. I-dc20 96-2470
VOLUME I
CIP
NERAL INTRODUCTION
A. The Akkadian Language
- -
I. Semitic Languages, I 2. Akkadian Vernacular Languages, 2
3. Akkadian Literary Language 3, - 4. Akkadian Writing and
Literacy, 4
B. Rediscovery of Akkadian Literature
- -
I. Loss and Rediscovery, 6 2. Major Sources, 8 3. Publication
and Translation, 10
C. Poetry and Prose
The preparation of the contents of this volume was made possible by a grant I. Linguistic Differentiation, 13 - 2. Verse Structure, 14 -
from the Translations Program of the National Endowment for the Humani- 3. Parallelism, 14 - 4. Repetition, 16 - 5. Meter, 17 - 6. Word-
ties, an independent Federal agency.
- - -
play, 17 7. Prose Style, 17 8. Formulae and Word Pairs, 18
Copyright 0 1996 by Benjamin R. Foster. All rights resewed. This book may 9. Simile and Metaphor, 18
not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying
D. Authors and Redactors
permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law and except by
reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher, I. Authorship, 20 - 2. Creativity, 22 - 3. Intertextuality, 24
CDL Press, P.O. Box 34454, Bethesda, MD 20827.
E. Reading Akkadian Literature
Designed by Karen Polinger Foster and Elizabeth Duncan Lyons. I. Time, 27 - 2. Place, 29 - 3. Speech, Action, Noise, Silence, 31 .-
- - -
4. Visual Aspects, 33 5. Knowledge, 34 6. Divine Images, 35
First Edition: ISBN 0-962001 3-9-2
Second Edition: ISBN 1-8830532-3-4 7. Demonic Beings, 36 - 8. Personal Deity and Good Fortune, 37 -
9. Divination, 38
iv Contents Contents v
F. Formation of Akkadian Literature
7. At the Cleaners, 92
I. Categories, 39 - 2. Sumerian and Akkadian, 46 - 8. Lament for a City, 94
3. Oral Tradition, 47 - 4. What is Akkadian Literature? 47 g. The Faithful Lover, g~
10. Love Lyrics of Nanay and Muati, gg
I I. Love Lyrics of Rim-Sin, I o I
CHAPTER I
12. Legends of Sargon, 103
THEA RCHAICP ERIOD -
(a) Sargon, King of Battle, 103 (b) The Sargon Letter, 108
-
(2300 2000 B.C.) I 3. Legends of Naram-Sin, 109
(a) The Siege of Apishal, 109 - (b) The General Insurrection
Introduction
-
(I), I 12 (c) The General Insurrection (11), I 15
A. Commemorative Inscription
C. Incantations I 16
I. Naram-Sin at Armanum, 55
14. Against Disease, 116
B. Old Akkadian Incantations
(a) Various Diseases, 116 - (b) All Diseases, 118
2. Against a Demon, 57 I 5. Against Demons, I 19
3. Against the Evil Eye, 58 -
(a) A Demon, I 19 (b) A Sickness Demon, 120
4. Love Charm, 59 16. Against a Mote in the Eye, 121
C. Old Akkadian Letter 17. Against Infant Illness, 122
5. Do Not Sit on a Chair! 61 I 8. Against Gas Pains, 123
19. Against Constipation, 124
D. Old Assyrian Incantations
20. Against Joint Pain(?), I 25
6. Against Lamashtu, 62
2 I. Against Arousal, I 26
7. Against Dogs, 63
22. Against Dogs, 127
-
(a) Swift Dog, 127 (b) Dogbite, 127
CHAPTER I1 23. Against Snakes, 128
(a) Lurking Serpents, 128 - (b) Snakebite, I29
24. Against Flies, 130
25. Against Scorpions, I 3 I
Introduction 26. Against Lamashtu, 132
A. Hymns (a) Anu Begot Her, 132 - (b) She is Fierce, I33
I. To Ishtar, 68 27. Against a Poltergeist(?), I 34
28. Against a Noxious Herb(?), 135
2. To Nanay, 72
29. Against a Disease of Sheep and Goats, 136
3. To Papulegarra, 75
30. For a Woman in Labor, 137
4. Self-praise of Ishtar, 77
(a) She Has Never Given Birth, 137 - (b) The Child's Arms
B. Narrative and Lyric Poetry
Are Bound, 138
5. Dialogue between a Man and His God, 78
3 I. To Calm a Baby, I 39
6. The Agushaya Poem, 81
32. Against a Bleating Goat, 140
Contents vii
vi Contents
33. Love Charms, 141 B. Babylonian Poetry and Prose 251
(a) Horns of Gold, 141 - (b) Look at Me! 143 7. Legends of Sargonic Kings, 25 I
(a) Sargon, King of Battle, 251 - (b) Cuthaean Legend of
D. Prayers
Naram-Sin, 258
34. Nocturnal Prayers of Diviners, 148
- 8. Shulgi Prophecy, 271
(a) To Gods of the Night, 148 (b) To Shamash and Gods of
9. Agum-kakrime and the Return of Marduk, 274
the Night, 149
10. Kurigalzu, King of the Kassites, 279
3 5. Diurnal Prayers of Div-i ners, I 50 - (a) Kurigalzu and the Ishtar Temple, 279 - (b) The Favor of
(a) The Cedar, I 50 (b) The Lamb, I 53
Kurigalzu, 28 I
(c) Will Ur-Utu Be Alive and Well? 155
I I. Kudur-Nahhunte and His Times, 283
36. Kussulu to the Moon-God, 156
(a) Kudur-Nahhunte and the Babylonians, 284 -
37. Ur-Nanshe to Ninsianna, I 58 (b) The Elamite Attack on Nippur, 285 - (c) Marduk and the
38. Apil-Adad to "God My Father," 159
Elamites, 288
E. Flood Story 12. Nebuchadnezzar I and His Times, 290
39. Atrahasis, 160 (a) The Seed of Kingship, 290 - (b) The War with Elam, 295 -
(a) Old Babylonian Version, 161 - (b) Middle Babylonian (c) Nebuchadnezzar in Elam, 297 - (d) Nebuchadnezzar and
Versions, 186 - (c) Late Assyrian Version, I 88 - Marduk, 299 - (e) Nebuchadnezzar to the Babylonians, 300 -
(d) Late Babylonian Version, 198 (f) Prayer in the Name of Nebuchadnezzar, 301
I 3. Marduk Prophecy, 302
14. The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer, 306
CHAPTER 111
I 5. A Sufferer's Salvation, 324
THEM ATUREP ERIOD 16. Words of the Wise, 326
(1500 - IOOO B.c.) (a) Counsels of Wisdom, 326 - (b) Wisdom of Ugarit, 330 -
(c) Wisdom of Hatti, 335 - (d) Sumero-Akkadian Wisdom and
Introduction Proverbs, 336 - (e) Proverbs from Letters, 348
A. Assyrian Poetry
C. Mythological Poetry
I. Tukulti-Ninurta Epic, 21 I
17. Epic of Creation, 3 50
2. Psalm to Assur for Tukulti-Ninurta I, 23 I
18. Descent of Ishtar to the Netherworld, 402
3. Hymn to Tiglath-Pileser I, 237
19. Nergal and Ereshkigal, 410
4. Psalms to Ishtar for Assurnasirpal I, 240
(a) Middle Babylonian Version, 414 - (b) Late Version, 417
-
(a) On Occasion of Illness, 240 (b) On Occasion of an
20. The Adapa Story, 429
Offering, 244
(a) Adapa and the South Wind, 429 -
5. Prayers for Kings of Assyria, 247
(b) Adapa and Enmerkar, 43 5
(a) Coronation Prayer, 247 -
21. Etana, 437
(b) Prayer at the Gods' Repast, 248
(a) Old Babylonian Version, 439 - (b) Middle Assyrian
6. The Hunter, 249
Version, 442 - (c) Late Version, 448
viii Contents Contents ix
22. Anzu, 458 41. To Gods of the Night, 569
(a) Old Babylonian Version, 460 - (b) Late Version, 465 (a) Against Pestilence, 569 - (b) Against Cultic Impurity, 570 -
23. The Serpent, 482 (c) Against Witchcraft, 571
24. The Lion-Serpent, 484 42. To Gula, 573
-
(a) Healer, 573 (b) Intercessor, 576
43. To Ishtar, 578
VOLUME I1 (a) Against Sorcery, 578 - (b) The Greatness of Ishtar, 580 -
(c) Against Impotence, 582 - (d) A Gift to Ishtar, 583 -
(e) Ishtar Will Not Tire, 584
D. Great Hymns and Prayers
44. To Marduk, 585
25. Gula Hymn of Bullutsa-rabi, 486 - -
(a) Against Marduk's Anger, 585 (b) Against Illness, 588
26. Ishtar Queen of Heaven, 495 - -
(c) Protector of the King, 593 (d) Reviver of the Sick, 594
27. Great Prayer to Ishtar, 503 (e) Lord of the Universe, 595 - (f) Prince of the Gods, 596 -
28. Literary Prayer to Ishtar, 5 10 (g) Syncretic Hymn to Marduk, 598 -
29. Literary Prayer to Marduk, 5 I 5 (h) Foremost of the Gods, 599
30. Great Hymn to Marduk, 521
45. To Nabu, 601
31. Great Hymn to Nabu, 525 -
(a) For Protection from Black Magic, 601 (b) An Old Man's
32. The Shamash Hymn, 53 I Prayer, 603 - (c) Discouragement, 604 - (d) Compound Acrostic
E. Devotional and Ritual Poetry Prayer to Nabu, 607 - (e) The Names of Nabu, 608 -
(0
33. To Adad, 540 Acrostic Prayers of Nabu-ushebshi, 610
(a) Against Thunder, 540 - (b) Against Lightning, 542 - 46. To Nergal, 612
- -
(c) In Gratitude for Rain, 543 (a) Nergal the Warrior, 612 (b) The Terrors of Nergal, 613
(c) Sublime Nergal, 614
34 To Anu, 544
35. To Dumuzi, 545 47. To Ninurta, 616
36. To Ea, 546 (a) Prescriptive Hymn to Ninurta, 616 - (b) Protector of the
(a) For Success in Divination, 546 - King, 617 - (c) Syncretic Hymn to Ninurta, 619 -
(b) Protector of the King, 547 (d) Ninurta as Sirius, 621
37. To Ea, Shamash, and Marduk, 549 48. To Nusku, 623
(a) Against Congenital Guilt, 549 - (b) Against Any Evil, 550 - (a) Guardian of the Night, 623 - (b) Courier of Dreams, 624 -
(c) Against Snakebite, 552 - (d) Against a Ghost, 554 (c) Forfender of Nightmares, 625 - (d) Protector against
38. To Enlil, 556 Sorcery, 626
(a) Spoken by a Person in Authority, 556 - (b) Protector of the 49. To a Personal God, 627
King, 558 - (c) Against Enlil's Anger, 560 (a) God of My Family, 627 - (b) Furious God, 628 -
-
39. To Family Ghosts, 562 (c) The Piteous Sufferer, 629 (d) Who Has Not Sinned? 630
40. To Girra, 564 50. To Shamash, 632
(a) Illuminator, 564 - (b) Melter, 566 - (c) Judge, 567 - (a) Against Impending Evil, 633 - (b) Against a Known
(d) Refiner, 568 Sorcerer, 634 - (c) Against Snakes, 635 - (d) Against Dogs, 636 -
x Contents Contents xi
(e) Against Ghosts, 637 - (f) Against a Curse, 638 - 6. In Praise of Arbela, 723
(g) Golden Tiara of the Heavens, 640 - (h) Protector of the B. Babylonian Poetry and Prose 724
King (I), 641 - (i) Protector of the King (2), 644 -
7. Nabopolassar, 724
6) Protector of the King (3), 648 - (k) Protector of the King (a) To Marduk (I), 724 - (b) To Marduk (2), 725
(4, 650 - (1) Protector of the King (s), 65 I - 8. Nebuchadnezzar 11, 726
(m) Absolver, 653 - (n) The Supremacy of Shamash, 654 - (a) To Marduk (I), 726 - (b) To Marduk (2), 727 -
(0) Healer, 656 - (p) Against the Consequences of a (c) To Marduk (3), 728 - (d) To Marduk (4), 728 -
Nightmare, 659 - (q) Homecoming, 660 (e) To Marduk (s), 729 - (0 To Nabu, 729 - (g) To Nabu and
5 I. To Shamash and Adad, 661 Marduk, 730 - (h) To Ninmah, 730 - (i) To Shamash (I), 73 I -
(a) The Cleansing Water, 661 - (b) Lighting the Incense, 662 - (i) To Shamash (2), 731 - (k) Acrostic Hymn to Nabu, 732
(c) Placing the Flour Offering, 662 - (d) The Sacrificial
9. Neriglissar to Marduk, 735
Gazelle, 663 - (e) The Sacrificial Lamb, 664
10. Nabonidus, 736
52. To Sin, 665 (a) To Ishtar of Akkad, 736 - (b) To Marduk (I), 737 -
(a) For Help in Haruspicy, 665 - (b) Illuminator of Darkness, (c) To Marduk (2), 737 - (d) To Shamash (I), 738 -
667 (e) To Shamash (2). 740 - (f) To Sin (I), 741 -
53. To Sin and Shamash, 669
(g) To Sin (4, 742
54. To Any God, 670
I I. Antiochus Soter to Nabu, 744
55. Prayer for Laying the Foundation of a Temple, 673
12. Advice to a Prince, 745
56. Litigant's Prayer, 674
I 3. The King of Justice, 748
14. In Praise of Ezida, 753
CHAPTER IV I 5. In Praise of Babylon, 754
THEL ATE PERIOD (a) Sublime Holy Place, 754 - (b) The Babylonians, 756
(1000 - I00 B.C.) C. Narrative and Expressive Works
Introduction 16. Erra and Ishum, 757
17. The Babylonian Theodicy, 790
A. Assyrian Poetry and Prose
18. The Dialogue of Pessimism, 799
I. Shalmaneser 111, 683
19. The Birth Legend of Sargon of Akkad, 803
(a) Shalmaneser in Ararat, 683 - (b) To Ninlil, 687
20. The Gilgamesh Letter, 805
2. Sargon 11, 689 21. The Jester, 808
(a) Prayers from Dur-Sharrukin, 689 - (b) To Nanay, 693
22. Love Lyrics of Ishtar of Babylon, 81 I
3. Esarhaddon and Ishtar of Arbela, 696
23. The Poor Man of Nippur, 8 I 3
4. Assurbanipal, 697
24. Why Do You Curse Me?, 819
(a) Coronation Prayer, 697 - (b) To Assur, 699 - (c) To Ishtar
25. The Dog's Boast, 821
of Nineveh and Arbela, 702 - (d) Acrostic Hymn to Marduk,
26. Lament for Tammuz, 822
704 - (e) To Shamash, 710 - (f) Assurbanipal and Nabu, 712 -
(g) Pious Scholar, 714
5. The Netherworld Vision of an Assyrian Crown Prince, 715
xii Contents Contents xiii
D. Incantations 45. Love Charms, 869
27. Marduk and the Demons, 824 (a) The Harpstring, 869 - (b) Get Up! 869 - (c) I Have Made a
28. Against an Adversary in a Lawsuit, 829 Bed, 870 - (d) May I Not Miss My Prey! 871
29. Against an Angry Man, 830 46. For Absolution, 872
(a) I Will Dissolve Your Anger, 830 - (b) Anger, 830 (a) The Brazier, 872 -
30. Against Bile, 83 I (b) May My Sin Rise Up to the Sky! 873
3 I. Against the Evil Eye, 832 47. For a Ruler's Favor, 874
-
32. Against Evil Spirits, 833 (a) I Am Proud, 874 (b) I've Put My Shoes on My Feet, 874
(a) The Seven, 833 - (b) Black Tragacanth, 834 - 48. For a Woman in Labor, 875
(c) Mysterious Demons, 836 (a) The Baby is Stuck! 875 - (b) Sin and the Cow, 876 -
33. Against Eye Disease, 837 (c) Run Hither to Me! 877 - (d) The Boat, 878
(a) Daughters to the Wind, 837 - (b) Bloodshot Eyes, 838 - qg. To Calm a Baby, 879
(c) They Are Two, 838 - (d) Mote, 839 - (a) Be Placid as a Pond, 879 - (b) Be Still as Swamp Water, 880 -
(e) Wind Blew Down, 839 - (f) Vessels of Blood, 840 (c) Let Mother Get Her Chores Done, 881
34. Against Fever, 841 50. To Recapture a Runaway Slave, 882
(a) Fire, Fire! 841 - (b) Your Smoke Has No Smell, 842 51. To Secure Brisk Trade at a Tavern, 883
3 5. Against Flatulence, 843
E. Miscellaneous and Supplemental
36. Against Headache, 844
52. When Old Men Dance, 884
(a) Epidemic, 844 - (b) Amiction, 845 - (c) Misery, 846 -
53. Self-praise of Ishtar, 886
(d) Do Not Enter the House I Enter, 847 -
54. Love Lyrics of Nabu and Tashmetu, 887
(e) I Am Pazuzu, 848
55. Elegy for a Woman Dead in Childbirth, 890
37. Against Lamashtu, 849
56. The Tamarisk and the Palm, 891
(a) "Bring Me Your Sons!" 849 - (b) She Tortures Babies, 850 -
57. The Ballad of Former Heroes, 894
(c) "I Am the Daughter of Anu," 85 I -
(d) She Seized, 852
Glossary of Proper Names
38. Against Nurses Harmful to Children, 854
39. Against Phantoms, 855 Index of Texts Translated
(a) Life Passed Them By, 855 - (b) Against a Ghost that Has
Select Bibliography
Appeared, 858 - (c) Why Do You Keep Appearing to Me? 859
40. ~ ~ a i n"sRetd ness," 860
41.A gainst Scorpions, 861
(a) It Is Green, 861 - (b) Wolf of the Storeroom, 861
42. Against Sickness and Pain, 862
43. Against Toothache, 863
44. Against Witchcraft, 864
(a) My Magic Works, 864 - (b) Blockading, 865 - (c) They
Are Working Against Me, 866 - (d) The Footpad, 867
Abbreviations
AASH Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (Budapest)
AbB F. R. Kraus, ed., Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift und
Gersetzung (Leiden, I 964-)
ABL R. F. Harper, Assyrian and Babylonian Letters belonging to the
Kouyunjik Collection ofthe British Museum (London &
Chicago, I 892- I 9 I 4)
ABRT J. A. Craig, Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts, I
(Leipzig, I 895). 2 (Leipzig, I 897)
AfO Archiv fur Orientforschung (Graz, Vienna)
AGH E. Ebeling, Die akkadische Gebetsserie 'Wanderhebung" von
neuem gesammelt und herausgegeben (Berlin, I 95 3)
AHw W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handworterbuch (Wiesbaden,
1959-1981)
AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
(Chicago)
AMT R. Campbell Thompson, Assyrian Medical Texts (London,
1923)
AnBi Analecta Biblica (Rome)
Ancient Mesopotamia A. L. Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, Portrait ofa Dead
CivilizationZ( Chicago, I 977)
J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the
Old Testament3 (Princeton, 1969)
Annuaire Annuaire, ~colPer atique des Hautes Etudes, IVe Section:
sciences historiques et philologiques (Paris)
AnOr Analecta Orientalia (Rome)
AnSt Anatolian Studies (London)
AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament (Neukirchen-Vluyn)
xvi Abbreviations Abbreviations xvii
AOATS Alter Orient und Altes Testament, Sonderreihe (Neukirchen- Bit Rimki J. Lzssae, Studies in the Assyrian Ritual and Series bi't rimki
Vluyn) (Copenhagen, 1955)
AOF Altorientalische Forschungen (Berlin) BL S. Langdon, Babylonian Liturgies (Paris, 1913)
ARI A. K. Grayson, Assyrian Royal Inscriptions (Wiesbaden, BM Bibliotheca Mesopotamica (Malibu, CA)
19724 BMS L. W. King, Babylonian Magic and Sorcery, being "the Prayers
ARM Archives Royales de Mari (Paris) ofthe Lifting ofthe Hand" (London, I 896)
ARMT Archives Royales de Mari, Textes (Paris) BRM Babylonian Records in the Library ofj. Pierpont Morgan (New
Haven)
ArOr Archiv Orientcilnf (Prague)
BSD M. Vogelzang, Bin hrd admZ, Edition and Analysis ofthe
AS Assyriological Studies (Chicago)
Akkadian Anru Poem (Groningen, 1988)
...
ASKT P. Haupt, Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte
BSOAS Bulletin ofthe School of Oriental and African Studies (London)
(Leipzig, I 882)
BWL W.G . Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom Literature (Oxford,
Atrahasis W. G. Lambert, A. R. Millard, Atra-basis, The Babylonian
1960)
Story ofthe Flood (Oxford, 1969)
CAD The Assyrian Dictionary ofthe University of Chicago (Chicago,
BA Beitrage zur Assyriologie und semitische Sprachwissenschaft
1956-1
(Leipzig)
Baby- Beschworungen W.F arber, SchlaJ; Kindchen, Schlaf! Mesopotamische Baby- CAH3 The Cambridge Ancient History3 (Cambridge, I 970-)
Beschworungen und -Rituale (Winona Lake, IN, 1989) Clergk D. Charpin, Le Clergk d1Ur au dele dlHammurabi (xi* -
xviitv si2cle av. J.-C.) (Paris & Geneva, 1986)
BAL R. Borger, Babylonisch-assyrische Lesestucke (Rome, 1963)
Court Poetry A. Livingstone, Court Poetry and Literary Miscellanea, State
BAM F. Kocher, Die babylonische-assyrische Medizin in Texten und
Archives ofAssyria 3 (Helsinki, 1989)
Untersuchungen (Berlin, I 963 -)
CRRAI 19 P. Garelli, ed., LR Palais et la royautt!, xixe rencontre
BASOR Bulletin ofthe American Schools of Oriental Research (New
assyriologique internationale (1971) (Paris, 1974)
Haven, etc.)
CRRAI 25 H.-J. Nissen, J. Renger, eds., Mesopotamien und seine
BBR H. Zimmem, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der babylonischen Religion
Nachbarn, Politische und kulturelle Wechselbeziehungen im
I (Leipzig, 1896), I1 (Leipzig, 1901)
Alten Vorderasien vom 4. bis I.J ahrtausend v. Chr., xxv.
BBST L. W. King, Babylonian Boundary-Stones in the British rencontre assyriologique internationale (1978), Berliner Beitrage
Museum (London, I 9 I 2) zum Vorderen Orient I (Berlin, 1982)
BE The Babylonian Expedition ofthe University ofPennsylvania CRRAI 26 B. Alster, ed., Death in Mesopotamia, xxvie rencontre
(Philadelphia)
assyriologique internationale (1979) (Copenhagen, 1980)
BHLT A. K. Grayson, Babylonian Historical-Literary Texts CRRAI 28 Vortrage gehalten auf der 28. Rencontre Assyriologique
(Toronto, 1975) Internationale in Wien (1981)~A fO Beiheft 19 (1982)
ofl.
BIN Babylonian Inscriptions in the Collection B. Nies CRRAI 30 K. R. Veenhof, ed., Cuneijorm Archives and Libraries, Papers
(New Haven)
read at the 3oe rencontre assyriologique internationale (1983)
BiOr Bibliotheca Orientalis (Leiden) (Leiden, 1986)
xviii Abbreviations Abbreviations xix
CRRAI 32 K. Hecker, W. Sornmerfeld, eds., Keilschriftliche Literaturen, HKL R. Borger, Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur (Berlin, 1967-
xxxii. rencontre assyriologique internationale (1985), Berliner
1975)
Beitrage zum Vorderen Orient 6 (Berlin, 1986)
House Most High A. R. George, House Most High, The Temples $Ancient
J.-M. Durand, ed., La Femme duns le proche-orient antique, Mesopotamia (Winona Lake, IN, 1993)
xxxiiie rencontre assyriologique internationale (1986), (Paris,
HSAO Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient (Wiesbaden)
1987)
HSS Haward Semitic Studies (Cambridge, MA)
CRRAI 36 L. De Meyer, et al., eds., Mksopotamie et Elam, actes de la
xx~vi~"re'n~c ontre assyriologique internationale (1985), Hymnes M.-J. Seux, Hymnes et pri2res aux dieux de babylonie et
Mesopotamian History and Environment, Occasional d'assyrie (Paris, 1976)
Publications I (Ghent, 1991) Zsrael Exploration Journal (Jerusalem)
CT Cunevorm Textsjom Tablets in the British Museum (London) (E. Norris, H. Rawlinson), The CuneiJorm Inscriptions of
Devils R. Campbell Thompson, The Devils and Evil Spirits of Western Asia I1 (London, 1866)
Babylonia I (London, 1903), I1 (London, 1904)
(G. Smith, H. Rawlinson), The CuneiJorm Inscriptions of
Dreams A. L. Oppenheim, The Interpretation ofDreams in the Ancient Western Asia I11 (London, I 870)
Near East, with a Translation ofan Assyrian Dream-book,
(E. Norris, H. Rawlinson), The CuneiJorm Inscriptions of
Transactions ofthe American Philosophical Society New Series
Western Asia I (London, I 861)
46/III (pp. 177-373) (Philadelphia, 1956)
IRSA E. Sollberger, J.-R. Kupper, Inscriptions royales sumkriennes
EAK Einleitung in die assyrischen Konigsinschriften I = R. Borger, et akkadiennes (Paris, 1971)
Erster Teil (Leiden, 1961), I1 = W. Schramm, Zweiter Teil
Mar und Dumuzi W.F arber, Beschworungsrituale an IStar und Dumuzi
(Leiden, 1973)
(Wiesbaden, 1977)
Emar D. Arnaud, Recherches au Pays d'Aftata, Emar VUI-4( Paris,
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