Table Of Content
Dees of fae Woke
Copy 294", 10H 1590 Case pe
Tene eoperghe 9, 1903 & (93 Chtbwophe O-Taws &
Ashen Res
Prorogrty copgrig 10, 1995 © (9 Preapnos Wl
except hen tes eae
{by Cal Musee
his Puts On leet pubes
arene ef the Orcopts Pais Cneap, 21 eve Qs
Tandon Ee
AU phe reseret Negara his bo mae Sopra oF
sre in any tam ory sn reams lactone oF neha
Inning pkouocopyi, reng oe by ary fermi storage
fr terse stems, ethene persion in ring ta the
Dubliner” Por iornsen conte
Fes Om Ble,
2 West de Ser
Nese York NY 10001
Yor liber of Congres Catsogngsintabesion ata pee
Foss He fake ane sable a spec teams when
pet
Srssle prion, Pista al Spee Stes Depart is
Rw York a1 967A on 0 SBE,
Siow can Jn Maes Ox Hie om the Wald Wide Web at
ho? Foertictne cn
Pred fn Cina
ga7es132
Contents
Preto
Achnuoslddgentents
What Aes Hs’
2 The Fansites of Boes and Where
They Live
¥ Backugound ta the Solitary Til
2 Ming
i Masons
KR Leafenttors
Carpenters
4% Onher Solitary Bors
The Rest! bs Seo ialey
10. The High ly Sucial Boos
I Bees and wens
1 Lilie Partnea: Bess ueat Onchies
He The Male ofthe Sprices
14 Enemirsand Avsacintas
‘Chasciey
Guice 10 Further Resnling
Inden
I Lae Chet rat ae
Manotel ace
ee Jolie Pea Kas
Seca Maud Rane
1 hie RUE 10 ae Ue
Thar snoves env stdin see
Ts hope, snme please srt thea
(Or prt woos on
Noo af cei com ereacer be
haw secses fia knowe
tS Bon se Mea Rin
Albwhiet this tks don she
(Chars Biles, ie
Preface
We me fore cs aul fe able vite our bain pains
sural tvs in ane ae! ww les sp fear al bea i
lati: ap a egh iene ear tee be se eae
ne ofthe pleawate vs une had ns lg bes
Tice ea, highs levis ogra eso neti aa
‘creas lle metronosst Te civ ei hs panes Meet pevske
"Van ever a shee to tr pl, sine ccd
sctwerr anitals plea cis ense Our leak ceo, er
Nagel ne evans cook
"There bas ies uu pps boca rs wiih adequate pellets te
ug versal fn hela ve animals Ah
thelist ay rave se seen a gota fring reves fet
stevie stisarscorel cient jnsuleaiace wvelailees the
feral eel Wa Hop essai eb fe pt
ipa Uva hin
ascaton tare eesand hana ic le al ee Beas
ingen nc only ae ovis ol ul sntuneey ach 4 se Sed ek
‘tara otinatescrenmee And oats sl Boeri eh
ine he
"oft thro at asi is aed Ineo ae
lest dzelande ane te bald at ta pie sme he eats
tskeve ey bu hem he slaonsi ete nts ane Senin oats
sor hag soe a ad cme beer pn ey yan pa spc
Suagrinty feels weed one. che cwletenary stay shore erly
Incercenrn wes dart Turing ait rns cont elt he ang
neater, Se ierabeha sa he at fat, vera ewe a
sips ie mie abt Coe pret tatu ses ih an wre
fetes yea the Blas eli aapiatnn we se hte He
‘Suhoviet iuiesbu alin own bere gardens
Chrseapher O°Foale
Aion Rise
Sei chlb h
Acknowledgements
1 dhack ar ves, Lind Letra Ounnatme gee Rae, br her
shel and otfnetearaceo deriva saves! (Tire, Ray abe,
essen anal eserumagemers weve tan vast i enh
Wi an gssrt os Dr Seve Sse ane Ceorge McGavia Osi
several chapton ais om Dt Dna
fas) eau nc hk
‘Bah eeu echt tome ml we ne Tet
‘aura kleine Wear ater grtei Tr Pt Wil
bles Prior The Geren Te Ack Univer force oppertau to
PAU one ois Xray ag co enero a a est oF carpenter
fe tc at
Tet sort this Rnd, ra trate vt fon ane tf lace, We ake
sus eopunty id ac owed die purind sh sf sesh tn
tne an anal em che abo we hs sy
Stpprepiae pace inthe xt. Uses hes tie bento gies
‘seu fal and Boson she lao uit Tek
ie Et aan el Rl rere nr Asay Re
Final, cacao the reno afore on Bee Chas B
Michever, Eerie Pao E nagy ay che Unesesty of Ranges a
austere Chern fhe ious Lance or scale ny Pokssor
Miser nite tno inf earsage and afte bs hw aa ee
‘eats sf is esc ets ee pasa ih
Stuase Boss nr Slander ot Case lows sata
esac al andl tea fds nal ne hh
Mlplnsaeapi are ermsplvr WITH we get
2,902 Chetanpher O° Tale: pages, 65, 77 Anulany Rase
Poses 1G, NF 1 Pre OPT page C43 tap 42 Nika Brads
fees (Ud, 124,131 645 Oxted Sense Fle» ies b
Roseras Wiest shite cabernet
INDIVIDUAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS —
:HIRISTOPHER O°TOOLE
Pak Peter Davit Spenser Sh Haye Prior af Ea racy
Ostird Cavs, tr bier sage sal sap > wea
Mreltiaormains nr siche bil aes tery
bees if tack ell hate eae ht he bis a ma
rae ath Di Sagan Df the losin ee Lact ata Cae
iy, tl etc nasalty alr freeing mee bee
lhunaat brad fee Toten aud ees fae wae scl
ne rel widely tes Tae ancl ts ss cise
Naat ivan > Arnon Frade, ls Fis Region and Poles Ds
rling, baa eit al Joa Kugler, ae Dep mt Zl
Tit Aety Universi, allod lee cave sn re great ead,
1 duane Desi Sida and Poses Ion oer of The I has: Uae
si, Jerualnte eing ae eds gusts ties te abot
aie ech Dla stort on sie ROLES, Ula GF eh
Shove parfvtlnly treet ny oe te vaboat tears Lae
Hor mais iene sal eaptar alee Prose Da Lk
witstane Dr Ageia Leo ve Deqeormerotlongan, Teeny
Fever eira Kap C1, Aa Kester, Hagin Lesh il Haat Mis
Vier
Tol, Fue te ery Uso, Pil Ten io and Vince Fein
the USDA for Bia and Spates Lala ey, Hagan Lichen sist
fener dct, Ds Reale Marker, or pial te pps i
Angra tel eerie hentia Net Aran
INDIVIDUAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - ANTHONY RAW
1 impede tothe adidas lt of the seeps wi sw aye oe
sei sie bes eer the at warn xe ver, Howe tinge ton he
Featve sar te indy ponies apjuraly semen somo
{fe oars nuecette pees alin ing sever ae
‘Tow ayes one wap iy emabled het ness vary
ves Bre abe Mehr tars tn Wey she teal iy
iris Parl Soha Hane Sac nc Mel sue
Ae fans
Ten hans dhe flag alles wha have supp al eae
tne er ve yams: Dis Tse Rea ace Rock the Laver Bra
haute H Suh fthe csc Uneriy of Babin, Savatdor wert sect
Deal Vitew 0. Becerra the racina Ssisny oe Aseulare and eval
J. Matias opr tn, Wa aT
Tan: pat she eso ets ok Las ported don
sone ty ato es Thee Fnation, Unerey Ibe We
Inca Jagsaicae Mirsrnecl Agile. Lavan Ursin, Uo
See Resch Couch, he Royal Suki te ape Latomloeal
leis the Uniroity Many, Cir aad Snes non,
Wades, De
NOTE
Mesures ae given in mess aa, Paris ae Item a a
Chepiter T
What Are Bees?
Boon ef'the World
Icha, pounce est av ial es dpa ease we
tae bres oh ite suey are wax fr thausnrlsl ers, Manco,
mc se ht slay hea Ser
tir, se Ye iia ts of
Rd blebs
ouchoas called els te
Suga evens ti lpg
a led peace ee
eateasajoiy obec
ine ke sane, Te
es ers weer casted the vide ho ae ta
avoir Tote st erate wees sane te eonsect Her a nets Sa
‘sas hr ples al wea bse ates ech ee
Tec ta br ening i soary net igh sil ee He ae
vkoybee We
cal bears
fren soca re diene ease ty cat a
‘Gd liptrpsdac aici eg opin fuera crate mssunicaad ah
AGT lati Lie, evan ren gece ae avn tha ae
‘clays densinectetirsiress of cae Hie
Thu tore ntlding te ecctnary stony, eal 1 ane
squish ane tesa where ee dey ese a!
tia Blige th aoa When he
fscs be cae by Ue rg see
hth sand of onde e y
aulytslsrener ara hy teal ser
ert Hs bao
Tier ate gin xia ames tha ver Bue wens, mek
ser thay reste pra slr tl rst eva ater thst
Fewet pes Im wtger to do ts all sas ose scaly aa
Suis te ec ind bls Yo apace) the po na
citer: beh o wasp, ogee Ua at ae ne
Hyreeseqners sek hat mere thea 10,0 desea
fag They posse ts paso
er ua de ed pn High te
cyrtheri Thckdeti cise These abn
‘ger te hinding a engage sli he bg
Fest wasprirhee eng
at
ontcins
leo cnn she nore of yatsinptena cae de Apu r charaee
Seeds the mca ay wah econ earberet te f
SS kn sa app
pace. lds sass haga find went bale ay
Theses Toons wala’ clk gest ail of ales
ane wen ie ele ee won hese be hs dase
‘ne a= ae an ota il
Whit ase Bees?
Duision-AcULERTA
SSUPESFANILY:AFOIDEA
Cornus: Cotetes (Gens egscbe
Boos of the: Wak:
eptert ia gundexcence fr belesng this musk spiced wauos ane
Tal, Ins sae Soren secer nye te Tense lee 0
signed tory pci dc smell Indy ha saa th equa
Isa gamer al aa
‘Weean nna rveie the bee Bento heclstansand oe the ate
seats Figo, Tis be a wae ao ae Lene Bo eT
Eeuigec le subarceripacty et oink in ca lagnein co
aL ted wernt tr shimmers ofthe ech Te dele
ravi rca of eae hens very en's we tho spate
aps nally te esa es bet ty El ee el erate
Shute onhe tan i wens A fil cheatnn ots Be spear
"THE WASP HERITAGE
Twisted eampatent aiewom sec wag the rt abi
dh mice of deretoperet, Ther few eet sy oak ty Sate
Foweg bers (chapien SH sec way hb Ue 03h Tage oF
ag halits. Lins hac nuoneacs be goad onsite
Inu ol xl savant the sutsesoniva ingen ea Ng
ners bulling senseabsnch nnd ox tee Nese te setae
a sob hebatiourn wap
Thcweves pe canbe soothing: in spain i ined
soutien ar rete, fs a sie Hoe ubsicus bat Sta
Sli afr Taiyo back ute ns ale ooh ong ip
ORIENTS1IOW 10 THE NEST
Wisp here sts ay fk est with mesg sear
Tock se iit as seam se cad ete os ee
fd ch aa la cath, lig mira eae te
Jae nse to besa ar of he arp, Nearby Ler
hi taal soso wram nannk slewe fe she ey lieve ae
lsat ight fa hit nen the wets oes bli 3 ee
soo, Davia the eae fret cist, ne Esse sakes relay
fenton gneve ft aes Tors wha pater arene
She nest ence, nol ts Snes nang and igh, she Reval i
cars hen hens A hye otnasethe seas
lt fino fe tail. She wl ake sch era gt
fay inva dues gered, ckabinghero ype lire meal was
TG ccna becuse anal bjecaraoume ar myo pled UY
"Nesting boon wong swdahigeal way ab neine ry Uae
signe valk tn comgyse erenaine ard pes usally wed rh
‘hiveoih her emule ber emesis suede woehe
Dstentnre each ine dirleave te se Sladen lk hich ket
Ho ev urd he aumetacnot he sa, soshe can fine scheme esi
Ilerintenetcockescesrater ab en ssn sisal te
a alean gees hes peo.
Sree et ciall
tos Dereon 8 toes grace pe sg
tudes cto pariace Lahnd ae oie er Ho
rks wang i: lc faci iC Une caeglnee
sve, Saray sues ave sibalins a al fee digi Lo
‘si eae ght pally poze, Thar the rej ee
Se ornare ome a aight srg oa izes Bobi
Thesberter anes Thistle eo
dey. eat bp ie eerynon nbeARachind ek get lc 8
up there sie blue sy bowie. Tee ts tee ste of
fedacieatnu af dag ree cr 4x the posta ot Ye sun, Presi
bly dread vel Use pine a Cea me
ti auth falpebeeatan mcr journepe i are
Theatre areodecty ddl etfaralcotigh bl pre i
suai he oe slnng ls weve angels etic out be te Ans
Teen ‘nict, Kal won Hed ax asdaees, seinghe weer hase
ibe ele asthe sujet, Tht work tc surmearted #1887 na ces
‘ok Tie Dee Longa Sceater of Rr Thre oh a
Ty trgeevelomies nal caxprmet os Suit Neve ai i of
Jo bs when ogg sty saad Dots Bass we
DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG
AIL Hynsoqti have Gar vary diac stages in their developmen:
sts apa and add, This beled © osmete mecamebs T-t
meen indesign he aval fe igen ont
sl lat nae resin hi gerade
The eggr of ase ae pray vehi, sausages st weal
ae tally sea os, te er Ing kt BE
Tfege ec eas i int
rae ee atom esp: che ow ees law 0p
Cian bn tude sig ‘Ambon a ard cal
dy, tomas ae ver aml ag sean 120 em, Tae
re tee ae fava ove peace oer Ts, Lege ages i
‘ime, F-antectnceesnpciter es laos kay he fg: ose
Seo i i ata al yah waa es ay pg Um
Ty collect ays acre Laid eechal B e ae
ditnseraee ie lavebing borane the yori larva. Dar ace 4 We
Hel stat, wilhvcty died poser waoemen I hay hes aly
c Eee desea thevesory ongonseremiet edaoed. Tr antate Foret
seiemirae char fort cea Beles en a te Pal
Siete tenes The ava ge fee native sede weep
eel iene we raerpile singe she one butt. Type
dient alte schiff oe ees bn es The age
Tevesr sok out cae ones
Wehes ie mirigy anensoal jase ae nounced
oiltacdstynel bu gion histas sey oe Laven phe
SA Si Glhetiaitaie onle har pale a polis and the
Tih wettsque ast tesne! eee, tr iga at counectd il
Hecate fe tut neee Eg hear postin earn
Ice tec tie it halve at asks ag 5
dial tive Lana termi fais ae 605 cnr ties Tn v2ne ee
{ics innes postpmnsiunl hes fev gnc buoy
Tevaes imate tases beng ried she pic eve of ho
Pee uu Te esas oc nom spree se = coum Srey ler
Thulin pr futcare scented faethe sr ef howe:
Cacaecrererlicty sil oie 2 ana pening ae bis
ett eat Lin hss peters ality ose a
seeps antes om comes ooh tke seve Foros he
shined tk and thee Cathe rk peor. Tbr eccons easy esse
ppeveye-eam ume oneolis-ras duce ies ho fn an ea nes
Sse ens elect tines ag whet ae te
Mlvdelto anf noon win partinlar dagen he
hanna ie wy rvaighsce an tls cuger se He tong ian al
thesutats seme monje se rial in appeatmer "This Ui
sng age ates ieee el frp Fig These sno
Wien inkete ma const ie yasapatatage Te cucleu the est
tants nea sets unt the po ie
The treme an farting sas” aad tho pc aoe wei do wt
sein cad eda 1 fasta. Insbe pe alten spe eles
‘gon presopar 1 lios eatseppepal age soe loner us the
tea ppl steal stages
Tine of che orp pea, di cate he papa bes
ere aan dag Te aed aod the ppl la
Iginla cnr be, The wigs ly ad an
rayne aman! Fork fo thessebice weve (ef
HMacympisas even-beinn ssi. hacen rel Wy a8 resting
ste Ba hin nacerate Dat theextenal appearance of q.inew
Thasentangestckepaer tse bay: pa Feseayasich ave
areas tavtol gacs ane sore an ba ee el ee
Fen acuit nici. Tac pupae Lactic base bey ape he ak
ihe ma sete kas st aes: tbe oper dn se and eins
“Seven cet ot heey guar tem tbr eae lade Tvsalone
chly pup ie a te eer aca te a
THEtmtacetse papel soi, bis sey a amt
seni fae nbn oe all sate den"
Np bye paming if ive ata thee ee llr they to har
Tas ct rtm rad or ata Hs
Sin ef the ose of ira fare came gue bec ie boc
ke inan wu lewn of reve tn ceca aud looters
Sn tes hie tui fghos wilyweat vere
Teal sige ea eisai te a us pera ud
sass Aa Ine as ate ose hase aan os
ites a tee ee eon es pes
1 simi
TUE ROAD tO BEETOON
Ten some aust nites tate at been panel
viltorataccels iter the Catacesr ese {1 a ei
farts Aca ine hove aot spate.
Tee aloes gests ener sy eegaagid mart he vine
Er yetad eh rncauneapovame and auld evn
Hesse ese igaaus, wheal lee dhe sien and, >
buds ne thf iy Howse pls grata, omer sp bo the
atthe, cbt ocak ft hres see De ete
Chenmrerssfine pheste etc serena va gah fbr
Tea le bos
‘Wer neves kins pte oho oat san of en aol
sis euniabsscon day nee way lle wesc Seathesing ello
What er Bers?
Jun wok ple i we araexervae ast ana ont eae span
Teles Rast wai, Prose Malyshes gst Dat bo
rove un soaps sos othe racer Spheres Bm Ym
Silo kt many wasps one hers ced ot Pome sa sugary enue
"gtd by eee pros al past ie Ponte “amas 9 on
UniGene ten wrench fe ts a wc lath ge eter
Slestar theses wel tse anda i sy bss the phi
Tradl ni oul tases one oa ne aid
“Fei ava whi won ase te te ane Loney, eli
Ts snanatoalcka Hes webaveg seaaton shh en aol wont
bets it ailze shack al other speci int thelial wb ele
Sine is ial da provides the ae
‘Maljlan augued ctor ar a seal cep tore ellsing encetating
sphict 7 eoleeang a sneer meine nf elas aud le ad a> es
Sncesa: tm meet Paw rny wll Bove fern et the Bes
faspeatsoactijane aesthetic
etponent “iets sentially, Ue ais weer
Spivey ot Mis lig Ean bist rg a
Sop lela Saveinagynie ect oes
‘Waser rat Mahe tsi we ee iat sh ai
avon flan ay oan aa echeaerenging ewe se wt sana
Trl plus see aetes ae pl Berane nce enant
ie fae anys fels psbe thor rae tera nl te Bn
Sheet Loos ise ten ar Sete spa wae wl ae bar
iene apt than aerator ses a os sal oe teeter
Find cae seis ow exaty retinal ene ta each er ans
ry.
Totutior ianapprtiis anasse ai natundscesn, acting soe
erices It nc rer nas tupace ene plomeo ga
Reenpovony cima Tas ead te saope to nepeooe es esd
Ieiuvs no’ tdirly, Fall "beohge wee whi sche yaar)
Ce ava aly cosas plenty kaa Be se
dbs.
‘ldssgler ite 1396 thow rs es ae sce sn pie
‘sais, beste! scene serene Te ass candle ofp, she
Mieka, tinea snal du Ueelaseeayaltary wea
einen yot coaches 4s hee ep the seks hai
Eola ta rae au st py a celle sone see
‘eta mth Sina np
hina eons tuavioy eschews spec
leery Ser sare bohrvinee rns thas emne snc weep le: Ua
Mayan save nce a eh nna det it nen i ee
retest pu os Ente Mas al lass wget
“The wasp noe ser nar cee ws toe “Phos mover deve th
eplestin of saad Wea which rr ie nor ada ee
suchasureeatwonder shart any phase sua iy
the wplauaal ters From here cand eae The onde Fe
hed he
Atl sae He sone spec ease were beeing bees by vite af
sr ari Cs ering plete pe teal ese
inreesngydspersen = bows Semel vce ee
rates hee har wer cl Mere son tan sce
metre ee ola. The stage dh a far the els
Tcl our aac ington luvs and tovctng peas Wedess hn
travel i Capa
“TH sdcot Micra be ser econ IM ie age
lass bv ihe mae gon pe hy te Aveeno, Ca
Miter and Dei Gravabi Teil we: esse! ames er the
Upon Genaceusat New jeey, mt 6-2 elibes tars ag Piya
pao toparme the begintiay 1 gn Corcoran wo flew pla
Tpecees ard fe tie ther dso fs swapped i ae
tozng rom a re. The sper & dang var onet oGo
Srl, Chath mare, bdraly 2 mol,
Tita sn veh sens ncaa ep oatnsce. appeared ie
vorlyThishoslenysteapane thes efor dheevoisan a ees reel
ah hover sgatetyenclcaee van acesimorbe teagan
frit Despre Tex
Fiteuilvaysusi ngs cha ongcire oe theese ees Ae a
est veg lon gees ge ort ing, toni me ro neste
itecotlug dvesinesson of hearing pans te the Chast vat be
prsonay mira dazemlene ol accel doneriag pst ea are
‘le
Visayas ns cya eneh cone se nea
“ls
