Beef Cattle Feeding and Nutrition 2nd Edition (Animal Feeding and Nutrition)

412 Pages·1995·24.09 MB·English

by  Tilden Wayne Perry

BEEF CATTLE
FEEDING AND NUTRITION
Second Edition
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
BEEF CATTLE
FEEDING AND NUTRITION
Second Edition
Edited by
Tilden Wayne Perry and Michael J. Cecava
Department of Animal Sciences
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
ACADEMIC PRESS
San Diego New York Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Cover photograph supplied by Professor Larry Nelson, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana.
This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~)
Copyright (cid:14)9 1995, 1980 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Academic Press, Inc.
A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company
525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495
United Kingdom Edition published by
Academic Press Limited
24-28 Oval Road, London NWl 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Beef cattle feeding and nutrition / edited by Tilden Wayne Perry,
Michael Cecava. m 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: Beef cattle feeding and nutrition / Tilden Wayne Perry
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-12-552052-2
1. Beef cattlemFeeding and feeds. I. Perry, Tilden Wayne.
II. Cecava, Michael. III. Perry, Tilden Wayne. Beef cattle feeding
and nutrition.
SF203.P46 1995
636.2'13--dc20 95-5989
CIP
PRINTED IN TIIE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
95 96 97 98 99 00 BC 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedicated by the senior editor to
Dr. James Tilden Perry
And to quote from the Good Book,
"My son, in thee I am well pleased!"
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Contents
Contributors ~176176
XUl
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Preface to the First Edition ~176
xvn
In Memoriam: Tony J. Cunha by Lee R. McDowell xix
I NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF BEEF CATTLE
1 Rumen Physiology and Energy Requirements
Michael J. Cecava
I. Structure and Development of the Ruminant Stomach 4
II. Digestion of Nutrients 5
III. Quantitative Requirements of Beef Cattle 15
IV. Energy 15
References 23
2 Vitamin Requirements of Beef Cattle
Tilden Wayne Perry
I. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 26
II. Water-Soluble Vitamins 33
References 34
3 Mineral Requirements of Beef Cattle
Tilden Wayne Perry
I. Introduction 36
II. Essential Major Mineral Elements 37
III. Trace Mineral Elements 45
IV. Essential Toxic Mineral Elements 49
References 51
vii
viii Contents
4 Protein Requirements of Beef Cattle
Michael J. Cecava
I. Introduction 53
II. Amino Acids 53
III. The Role of Protein 54
IV. Protein Digestion 54
V. Nonprotein Nitrogen (NPN) 56
VI. Protected or Slowly Degraded Protein 58
VII. Effects of Protein Supplementation on the Performance of Growing
and Finishing Cattle 59
VIII. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements of Beef Cattle 62
IX. Protein Adjustment during Temperature Stress 64
References 66
Computer Programming of Beef Cattle Diets
Dale M. Forsyth
I. Sources of Ration Programs for Computers 68
II. Least-Cost Ration Assumptions and Problems 69
III. Net Energy Considerations 70
IV. Solutions for Rations 70
V. Use of Spreadsheet Programs 71
VI. Other Computerized Methods 72
The Effect of Processing on the Nutritive Value of Feedstuffs
for Beef Cattle
Tilden Wayne Perry
I. Processing of Feed Grains 73
II. Processing of Roughage 85
References 86
H FEEDINGSTUFFS
7 Pasture and Forages
Michael J. Cecava
I. Nutritive Value of Pasture and Forages 91
II. Types of Pastures and Forages 95
III. Pasture Crops 97
References 103
Contents ix
8 Making Hay and Haylage
Michael J. Cecava
I. Hay 104
II. Haylage 113
References 116
9 Silage and Crops for Silage
Michael J. Cecava
I. Silage-Making 117
II. Silage Troubleshooting 126
III. Storing Silage 126
IV. Silage Diets 131
V. Other Silage Crops 132
References 136
I0 Concentrates for Beef Cattle
Michael J. Cecava
I. The Cereal Grains 139
II. Molasses 151
III. Fat 154
IV. Miscellaneous Energy Concentrates 156
V. Protein Concentrates 156
VI. Summary and Conclusions 164
References 164
III THE BREEDING HERD
11 Breeding Herd Nutrition and Management
Tilden Wayne Perry
I. Nutritional Needs of Replacement Heifers 169
II. Beef Cow Feeding Programs 175
III. A Year-Round Feeding Program for the Cow Herd 179
IV. Feeding Systems That Meet the Cow's Wintering Needs 183
V. Crossbreeding and Cow Productivity 185
VI. Some Considerations of Diet Effect on Estrus and Rebreeding 186
VII. Meeting Supplemental Protein Needs with Free Choice Liquid Supplements 191
VIII. Urea Feeding Effect on Cattle Reproduction 194
References 196