BC400 Introduction to the ABAP Workbench

535 Pages·2011·29.853 MB·English

by  SAP NetWeaver

BC400
Introduction to the ABAP
Workbench
SAP NetWeaver
Date
Training Center
Instructors
Education Website
Participant Handbook
Course Version: 92
Course Duration: 5 Day(s)
Material Number: 50102672
An SAP course - use it to learn, reference it for work
Copyright
Copyright©2011SAPAG.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorforanypurpose
withouttheexpresspermissionofSAPAG.Theinformationcontainedhereinmaybechanged
withoutpriornotice.
SomesoftwareproductsmarketedbySAPAGanditsdistributorscontainproprietarysoftware
componentsofothersoftwarevendors.
Trademarks
• Microsoft®,WINDOWS®,NT®,EXCEL®,Word®,PowerPoint®andSQLServer®are
registeredtrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation.
• IBM®,DB2®,OS/2®,DB2/6000®,ParallelSysplex®,MVS/ESA®,RS/6000®,AIX®,
S/390®,AS/400®,OS/390®,andOS/400®areregisteredtrademarksofIBMCorporation.
• ORACLE®isaregisteredtrademarkofORACLECorporation.
• INFORMIX®-OnLineforSAPandINFORMIX®DynamicServerTMareregistered
trademarksofInformixSoftwareIncorporated.
• UNIX®,X/Open®,OSF/1®,andMotif®areregisteredtrademarksoftheOpenGroup.
• Citrix®,theCitrixlogo,ICA®,ProgramNeighborhood®,MetaFrame®,WinFrame®,
VideoFrame®,MultiWin®andotherCitrixproductnamesreferencedhereinaretrademarks
ofCitrixSystems,Inc.
• HTML,DHTML,XML,XHTMLaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofW3C®,World
WideWebConsortium,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.
• JAVA®isaregisteredtrademarkofSunMicrosystems,Inc.
• JAVASCRIPT®isaregisteredtrademarkofSunMicrosystems,Inc.,usedunderlicensefor
technologyinventedandimplementedbyNetscape.
• SAP,SAPLogo,R/2,RIVA,R/3,SAPArchiveLink,SAPBusinessWorkflow,WebFlow,SAP
EarlyWatch,BAPI,SAPPHIRE,ManagementCockpit,mySAP.comLogoandmySAP.com
aretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofSAPAGinGermanyandinseveralothercountries
allovertheworld. Allotherproductsmentionedaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksof
theirrespectivecompanies.
Disclaimer
THESEMATERIALSAREPROVIDEDBYSAPONAN"ASIS"BASIS,ANDSAPEXPRESSLY
DISCLAIMSANYANDALLWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORAPPLIED,INCLUDING
WITHOUTLIMITATIONWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYANDFITNESSFORA
PARTICULARPURPOSE,WITHRESPECTTOTHESEMATERIALSANDTHESERVICE,
INFORMATION,TEXT,GRAPHICS,LINKS,ORANYOTHERMATERIALSANDPRODUCTS
CONTAINEDHEREIN.INNOEVENTSHALLSAPBELIABLEFORANYDIRECT,
INDIRECT,SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL,CONSEQUENTIAL,ORPUNITIVEDAMAGESOFANY
KINDWHATSOEVER,INCLUDINGWITHOUTLIMITATIONLOSTREVENUESORLOST
PROFITS,WHICHMAYRESULTFROMTHEUSEOFTHESEMATERIALSORINCLUDED
SOFTWARECOMPONENTS.
g201121431344
About This Handbook
Thishandbookisintendedtocomplementtheinstructor-ledpresentationofthis
course,andserveasasourceofreference. Itisnotsuitableforself-study.
Typographic Conventions
American English is the standard used in this handbook. The following
typographic conventions are also used.
Type Style Description
Example text Wordsorcharactersthatappearonthescreen. These
includefieldnames,screentitles,pushbuttonsaswell
asmenunames, paths, andoptions.
Alsousedforcross-referencestootherdocumentation
both internal and external.
Exampletext Emphasized words or phrases in body text, titles of
graphics, and tables
EXAMPLETEXT Names of elements in the system. These include
reportnames,programnames,transactioncodes,table
names, andindividualkeywordsofaprogramming
language,whensurroundedbybodytext,forexample
SELECT and INCLUDE.
Example text Screenoutput. Thisincludesfileanddirectorynames
and their paths, messages, names of variables and
parameters, and passages of the source text of a
program.
Example text Exactuserentry. Thesearewordsandcharactersthat
youenterinthesystemexactlyastheyappearinthe
documentation.
<Example text> Variableuserentry. Pointedbracketsindicatethatyou
replacethesewordsandcharacterswithappropriate
entries.
iii
2011 © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
AboutThisHandbook BC400
Icons in Body Text
Thefollowingiconsareusedinthishandbook.
Icon Meaning
Formoreinformation,tips,orbackground
Noteorfurtherexplanationofpreviouspoint
Exception or caution
Procedures
Indicatesthattheitemisdisplayedintheinstructor's
presentation.
iv
© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011
Contents
Course Overview......................................................... vii
Course Goals...........................................................vii
Course Objectives .....................................................vii
Unit 1: Flow of an ABAP Program .....................................1
System Architecture and ABAP Programs ..........................2
Unit 2: Introduction to the ABAP Workbench..................... 17
Repository and Object Navigator...................................18
Developing Programs and Organizing Developments...........28
Unit 3: Basic ABAP Language Elements........................... 59
Working with Elementary Data Objects............................60
Unit 4: Modularization .................................................101
Modularization - Basics and Overview............................103
Modularization with Subroutines...................................109
Modularization with Function Modules............................128
Modularization with Methods of Global Classes.................162
Modularization with Methods of Local Classes (Preview)......192
Unit 5: Complex Data Objects .......................................205
Working with Structures.............................................206
Working with Internal Tables........................................218
Unit 6: Data Modeling and Data Retrieval.........................251
Data Modeling and Transparent Tables in the ABAP
Dictionary..........................................................252
Reading Database Tables ..........................................267
Authorization Check.................................................307
Unit 7: User dialogs ....................................................327
Screen.................................................................329
Web Dynpro for ABAP ..............................................375
Classic ABAP Reports ..............................................414
Displaying Tables with the SAP List Viewer......................447
v
2011 © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
Contents BC400
Unit 8: Tools for Program Analysis.................................479
The Code Inspector..................................................480
Unit 9: Adjusting the SAP Standard Software (Overview).....489
Adjusting the SAP Standard Software (Overview)...............490
Index .......................................................................505
vi
© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011
Course Overview
This course introduces you to the ABAP programming language of SAP as
wellasitsdevelopmentenvironment, theABAPWorkbench. Inbothcases, we
willbefocusingonconceptsandfundamentalprinciples. Wealsointroducethe
appropriateterminology, sothatyouwillfinditeasiertounderstandfollow-on
documentation.
Wealwayshandlethesetopicsusingpracticalapplicationexamplessothatyou
can immediately implement what you have learned here. Above all, it should
become clear how little effort is required to create high-performance business
applicationsinashortperiodoftimeintheABAPWorkbench.
Weareconvincedthatthiscoursewillenableyoutostartdevelopingimmediately
and provide you with the knowledge needed to focus on the essentials in
subsequent courses.
That is why this course is a prerequisite for more in-depth ABAP Workbench
programming courses.
Target Audience
Thiscourseisintendedforthefollowingaudiences:
• Project team members
• ABAP programmers
Course Prerequisites
Required Knowledge
• Programming knowledge
• SAPTEC(SAPNetWeaver–BasicsoftheApplicationPlatform)
Course Goals
This course will prepare you to:
• UnderstandandusebasicABAPsyntaxelements
• Implement different types of user dialog
• Program read accesses to the database
• UsetheABAPWorkbenchdevelopmenttools
• Understandhowdevelopmentsareorganizedandtransported
vii
2011 © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
CourseOverview BC400
Course Objectives
Aftercompletingthiscourse, youwillbeableto:
• CreateanABAPprogramcontaininguserdialogsanddatabaseaccesses
• Describethedifferenttypesofdevelopmentobjectsandtheirtypicalintended
purposes
• Useappropriatetoolstocreatesimpleexamplesofthedevelopmentobjects
presented
viii
© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011
Unit 1
Flow of an ABAP Program
Unit Overview
Theunitoverviewliststheindividuallessonsthatmakeupthisunit.
Unit Objectives
After completing this unit, you will be able to:
• DescribetheSAPNetWeaverApplicationServerarchitecture
• DescribehowasimpledialogprogramisexecutedbytheABAPruntime
system
Unit Contents
Lesson: System Architecture and ABAP Programs...........................2
1
2011 © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
Unit1: FlowofanABAPProgram BC400
Lesson: System Architecture and ABAP Programs
Lesson Overview
InthislessonyouwilllearnhowasimpledialogprogramisexecutedbytheSAP
NetWeaver Application Server.
Lesson Objectives
Aftercompletingthislesson, youwillbeableto:
• DescribetheSAPNetWeaverApplicationServerarchitecture
• DescribehowasimpledialogprogramisexecutedbytheABAPruntime
system
Business Example
YourtaskhereistoexplaintheSAPNetWeaverApplicationServerarchitectureas
well as the execution of ABAP programs.
System Architecture and ABAP Program
Figure 1: Client/Server Architecture of the SAP NetWeaver Application
Server
2
© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011