Basic Principles and Clinical Significance of Oxidative Stress

319 Pages·2015·6.813 MB·English

by  Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder

Basic Principles
and Clinical Significance
of Oxidative Stress
Edited by Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
Basic Principles and Clinical Significance of Oxidative Stress
Edited by Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
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Published: 11 November, 2015
ISBN-10: 953-51-2200-2
ISBN-13: 978-953-51-2200-5
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C ontents
Preface
Chapter 1 Regulation of the Redox Environment
by Edgar Cano-Europa, Vanessa Blas-Valdivia, Margarita
Franco-Colin and Rocio Ortiz-Butron
Chapter 2 Protein Oxidation and Redox Regulation of Proteolysis
by Dominika Boguszewska-Mańkowska, Małgorzata Nykiel and
Barbara Zagdańska
Chapter 3 Biochemistry of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
by Ayla Ozcan and Metin Ogun
Chapter 4 Members of Antioxidant Machinery and Their Functions
by Shalini Kapoor Mehta and Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
Chapter 5 Antioxidants and Natural Compounds
by Davood Maleki, Aziz Homayouni Rad, Leila Khalili and
Baitullah Alipour
Chapter 6 Antioxidants and Natural Compounds in Mexican Foods
by José Luis Silencio Barrita, Sara Montaño Benavides and
Santiago Sánchez
Chapter 7 Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and its Major Flavonoids —
Potential Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Conditions
by Olawale R. Ajuwon, Jeanine L. Marnewick and Lester M.
Davids
Chapter 8 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses Induced by
Physical Exercise
by Juana M. Morillas-Ruiz and Pilar Hernández-Sánchez
VI Contents
Chapter 9 Antioxidant Status and Sex Hormones in Women with Simple
Endometrial Hyperplasia
by Snežana Pejić, Ana Todorović, Vesna Stojiljković, Ivan
Pavlović, Ljubica Gavrilović, Nataša Popović and Snežana B. Pajović
Chapter 10 Oxidative Stress-Based Photodynamic Therapy with Synthetic
Sensitizers and/or Natural Antioxidants
by Rodica-Mariana Ion and Ioana-Raluca Şuică-Bunghez

Preface
It is a natural phenomenon for all living organisms in the world to
undergo different kinds of stress during their life span. Stress has
become a common problem for human beings in this materialistic
world. In this period, a publication of any material on stress will
be helpful for the human society.
The book Basic Principles and Clinical Significance of Oxidative
Stress targets all aspects of oxidative stress, including principles,
mechanisms, and clinical significance.
This book covers four sections: Free Radicals and Oxidative
Stress, Natural Compounds as Antioxidants, Antioxidants Health
and Disease, and Oxidative Stress and Therapy. Each of these
sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and
experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences.
This book will be a significant source to scientists, physicians,
healthcare professionals, and students who are interested in
exploring the effect of stress on human life.

Chapter 1
Regulation of the
Redox Environment
Edgar Cano-Europa, Vanessa Blas-Valdivia, Margarita Franco-Colin and
Rocio Ortiz-Butron
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61515
Abstract
All organisms maintain a strict redox environment, crucial for cell physiology, by
preserving the pro-oxidant compounds generated during cell metabolism and from
antioxidant system elements. In pathophysiological conditions, the redox environ‐
ment is altered, causing oxidative stress, cell damage, and eventually cell death. In
this chapter, we review the elements involved in the redox environment, including
the oxidant, antioxidant, and glutathione systems. In addition, we summarize the
physicochemical bases of the redox environment and the biological functions of the
glutathione cycle. Finally, we propose a redox environment regulation model that
considers some regulated variables that are actively involved in maintaining the re‐
dox environment: reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and the redox
couple GSH2/GSSG.
Keywords: Redox environment, oxidant system, ROS, antioxidant system, glutathione
1. Introduction
All organisms maintain a strict redox environment, crucial for cell physiology, by preserving
the pro-oxidant compounds generated during cell metabolism and from antioxidant system
elements. In pathophysiological conditions, the redox environment can be altered, causing
oxidative stress, cell damage, and eventually cell death. Two regulated variables are actively
involved in maintaining the redox environment: the concentration of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and the redox couple GSH2/GSSG.