Table Of ContentBASIC ORTHOPAEDIC SCIENCES
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BASIC
ORTHOPAEDIC SCIENCES
The Stanmore Guide
Edited by
Manoj Ramachandran BSc(Hons) MBBS(Hons) MRCS(Eng) FRCS(Orth)
Paediatric and Young Adult Orthopaedic Fellow
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
Stanmore, UK
Associate Editors
Deborah M Eastwood MB FRCS
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; and
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
Dishan B Singh FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
John AM Skinner MBBS FRCS(Eng) FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
Hodder Arnold
A MEMBER OF THE HODDER HEADLINE GROUP
Hodder Arnold
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First published in Great Britain in 2007 by
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ISBN-10 0 340 885 025
ISBN-13 978 0 340 885 024
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
1 Statistics 1
Manoj Ramachandran, David Little and Fares Haddad
2 Genetics 15
Peter Calder and Aresh Hashemi-Nejad
3 Skeletal embryology and limb growth 22
Rick Brown and Deborah Eastwood
4 Orthopaedic pharmacology 31
Manoj Ramachandran and Natasha Rahman
5 Inflammation and infection 40
Vikas Khanduja and Manoj Ramachandran
6 Imaging techniques 49
Manoj Ramachandran, Navin Ramachandran and Asif Saifuddin
7 Orthopaedic oncology 61
Nimalan Maruthainar and Stephen Cannon
8 Ligaments and tendons 71
Cheh Chin Tai and Andrew Williams
9 Meniscus 80
Vijai Ranawat and John Skinner
10 Articular cartilage 85
Tim Waters and George Bentley
11 Nerve 95
Caroline Hing and Rolfe Birch
12 Skeletal muscle 108
Michael Fox and Simon Lambert
13 Basics of bone 115
Peter Bates and Manoj Ramachandran
14 Bone injury, healing and grafting 123
Peter Bates and Manoj Ramachandran
15 Intervertebral disc 135
William Aston and Rajiv Bajekal
16 Basic concepts in biomechanics 139
Manoj Ramachandran
viii Contents
17 Biomaterial behaviour 146
Subhamoy Chatterjee and Gordon Blunn
18 Biomaterials 154
Subhamoy Chatterjee and Gordon Blunn
19 Biomechanics and joint replacement of the hip 164
Mark Mullins and John Skinner
20 Biomechanics and joint replacement of the knee 170
Alister Hart, Richard Carrington and Paul Allen
21 Biomechanics of the spine 180
Amir Ali Narvani, Brian Hsu and Lester Wilson
22 Biomechanics and joint replacement of the shoulder and elbow 187
Mark Falworth and Simon Lambert
23 Biomechanics of the hand and wrist 197
Nicholas Saw and David Evans
24 Biomechanics and joint replacement of the foot and ankle 210
Rohit Madhav, Deborah Eastwood and Dishan Singh
25 Friction, lubrication, wear and corrosion 219
Gurdeep Biring, Marcus Bankes, Jay Meswania and Gordon Blunn
26 Gait 238
Pramod Achan and Fergal Monsell
27 Prosthetics 246
Manoj Ramachandran and Linda Marks
28 Orthotics 254
Manoj Ramachandran and Lisa Bellows
29 Inside the operating theatre 263
Manoj Ramachandran and Alan White
Appendix: common bone disorders 270
Peter Bates and Manoj Ramachandran
Index
Contributors
Pramod Achan FRCS(Orth) Peter Calder FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Royal London Hospital, London Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Paul Allen MBBS FRCS Stephen R Cannon FRCS
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Clinical Director
Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow and Chair of the London Bone and Soft Tissue
Tumour Unit
William Aston BSc MRCS(Ed)
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore Richard Carrington MBBS FRCS FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Rajiv Bajekal MCh(Orth) FRCS(Orth)
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Barnet General Hospital, London Subhamoy Chatterjee MBBS MRCS(Ed) MSc (Distinction)
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
Marcus Bankes BSc(Hons) MBBS(Hons) FRCS(Orth)
University College Hospital, London
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London Deborah M Eastwood MB FRCS
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Peter Bates BSc MRCS
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London;
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
and
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Lisa Bellows BSc(Hons)
David Evans FRCS
Orthotist
Consultant Hand Surgeon and Clinical Director
Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, London
The Hand Clinic, Windsor
George Bentley ChM FRCS
Mark Falworth FRCS(Eng) FRCS (Orth)
Professor of Orthopaedics (retired) and locum
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
consultant
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Michael Fox BSc MRCS
Rolfe Birch MChir FRCS
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
Professor of Orthopaedic Neurological Surgery
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Fares Haddad BSc MCh(Orth) FRCS(Orth) Dip Sports Med
Gurdeep Biring BSc MBBS MRCS MSc (Ortho Eng) FRCS
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
(Orth)
University College and Middlesex Hospitals, London
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore Alister Hart MA FRCS(Orth)
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics
Gordon Blunn BSc PhD
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Head, Centre of Biomedical Engineering
Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Aresh Hashemi-Nejad MBBS FRCS FRCS(Orth)
Science, Stanmore Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
Rick Brown MA FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham
