Table Of ContentLinguistik Aktuell Linguistics Today 233
Bare Argument
Ellipsis
and Focus
Andreas Konietzko
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Bare Argument Ellipsis and Focus
Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA)
issn 0166-0829
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Volume 233
Bare Argument Ellipsis and Focus
by Andreas Konietzko
Bare Argument Ellipsis and Focus
Andreas Konietzko
University of Tübingen
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
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the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence
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doi 10.1075/la.233
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Table of contents
Acknowledgments ix
Index of abbreviations xi
chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Ellipsis and coordination 5
1.2 Research questions and proposal 6
1.3 Structure of the book 7
chapter 2
Types of bare argument ellipsis 11
2.1 Stripping vs. negative contrastive constructions 12
2.2 Fragments 14
2.3 Split conjuncts 18
2.4 A note on conjunction reduction and BAE 20
2.5 Embedded BAE 25
2.6 Conclusion 26
chapter 3
State of the art 29
3.1 Approaches to ellipsis 30
3.2 PF-deletion approaches 30
3.2.1 Merchant (2004) 30
3.2.2 Depiante (2000) 33
3.2.3 Kolokonte (2008) 41
3.3 Movement approaches 46
3.3.1 ATB-approaches to BAE 46
3.3.2 Rightward movement approaches (Reinhart 1991) 50
3.4 Non-elliptical approaches 52
3.4.1 Culicover and Jackendoff (2005) 52
3.5 Conclusion 53
i Bare argument ellipsis and focus
chapter 4
Licensing stripping 55
4.1 Concepts of information structure 55
4.1.1 Topic-comment 55
4.1.2 Focus-background 57
4.1.3 Given-new 57
4.1.4 Contrast and parallelism 58
4.1.5 Summary 59
4.2 The information structure of stripping 59
4.2.1 Topic and focus in stripping 59
4.3 Focus-sensitive particles and negation 64
4.3.1 Behavior of auch in full clauses 64
4.3.2 English too, also, as well 67
4.3.3 German schon 69
4.4 Deriving elliptical clauses from full clauses 74
4.5 The syntax of stripping: Arguments for two different types 77
4.6 The licensing mechanism 91
4.7 Conclusion 94
chapter 5
Experimental evidence 97
5.1 Previous psycholinguistic studies on BAE 98
5.2 Experiment 1: Stripping and acceptability 99
5.2.1 Stimuli 100
5.2.2 Procedure 100
5.2.3 Participants 101
5.2.4 Results and discussion 101
5.3 Experiment 2: Discourse conditions 101
5.3.1 Stimuli 103
5.3.2 Procedure 103
5.3.3 Participants 103
5.3.4 Results and discussion 103
5.4 Experiment 3: Stripping and prosody 106
5.4.1 Stimuli 107
5.4.2 Procedure 109
5.4.3 Participants 109
5.4.4 Results 109
5.5 Discussion 110
5.6 Experiment 4: Extracting out of stripping 110
5.6.1 Stimuli 112
5.6.2 Procedure 113
Table of contents ii
5.6.3 Participants 113
5.6.4 Results for und-coordination 113
5.6.5 Results for aber-coordination 117
5.6.6 Discussion 117
5.7 Conclusion 118
chapter 6
Embedded stripping 119
6.1 Introduction: Stripping and embedding 119
6.2 New data: Embedded stripping 121
6.3 Problems for theories of stripping 124
6.4 Other types of reduced subordinate clauses 126
6.5 Embedded stripping 135
6.6 (Non-)embedding is a reflex of information structure 139
6.6.1 Hypothesis: Non-embedding is a reflex of information structure
and discourse relations 140
6.6.2 Parallelism conditions for stripping 141
6.7 Conclusion 144
chapter 7
Conclusion and outlook 147
References 153
Appendix 163
Index 181
Acknowledgments
Many people have contributed to the work presented in this book. First and fore-
most, I would like to thank Susanne Winkler for her encouragement, her support,
her teaching, and for many fruitful discussions on syntax, information structure,
and ellipsis which have inspired and shaped the ideas presented in this monograph.
A special thank you goes to Marga Reis for her detailed comments on the o riginal
manuscript, her advice and for her teaching. I would also like to thank Peter W.
Culicover, Sam Featherston and Wolfgang Sternefeld for discussions, comments,
and help. I have greatly benefited from comments and discussion with Kyle John-
son, Jason Merchant, Valéria Molnár, Ingo Reich, and with my colleagues in
Tübingen and the SFB 833-The Construction of Meaning: Oliver Bott, Jutta M.
Hartmann, Vera Hohaus, Robin Hörnig, Marion Knecht and Janina Radó.
Special gratitude goes to Kirsten Brock and Alex Huber for their help with
editing.
I would also like to thank the series editors Werner Abraham and Elly van
Gelderen for accepting this book for publication in their series. Many thanks go to
Susan Hendriks and Kees Vaes at Benjamins.
This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG,
German Research Foundation) and the Collaborative Research Center 833-Con-
struction of Meaning at the University of Tübingen.
Ich widme dieses Buch meiner Familie,
besonders meiner Mutter.
