Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery

1453 Pages·115.884 MB·English

by  Williams N., Bulstrode Ch. (Ed.)

Bailey & Love’s
SHORT
PRACTICE
of
SURGERY
26th
EDITION

Sebaceous horn
(The owner, the widow Dimanche, sold water-cress in Paris)
A favourite illustration of Hamilton Bailey and McNeill Love,
and well known to readers of earlier editions of Short Practice.
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Bailey & Love’s
SHORT
PRACTICE
of
SURGERY
26th
EDITION

Edited by
Norman S. Williams
MS FRCS FMed Sci
Professor of Surgery and Director of Surgical Innovation,
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary, University of London and President,
The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
Christopher J.K. Bulstrode
MCh FRCS(T&O)
Emeritus Professor, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
P. Ronan O’Connell,
MD FRCSI, FRCPS Glas.,
Head, Surgery and Surgical Specialties,
UCD School of Medicine and Medical Sciences
Consultant Surgeon, St Vincent’s University Hospital,
Dublin, Ireland
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Contents
Contributors viii 12. Patient safety 161
Frank Keane
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv PART TWO: INVESTIGATION AND
DIAGNOSIS
Sayings of the great xvi
13. Diagnostic imaging 171
Matthew Matson, Gina Allen and Niall Power
PART ONE: PRINCIPLES
14. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 196
1. Metabolic response to injury 3
James Lindsay
Kenneth Fearon
15. Tissue diagnosis 213
2. Shock and blood transfusion 13
Roger Feakins
Karim Brohi
PART THREE: PERIOPERATIVE CARE
3. Wounds, tissue repair and scars 24
Michael Earley 16. Preoperative preparation 229
Medha Vanarase, Pierre Foex and
4. Basic surgical skills and
Kevin Tremper
anastomoses 33
William E. G. Thomas 17. Anaesthesia and pain relief 238
Vivek Mehta, Richard Langford and
5. Surgical infection 50
Jagannath Haldar
Peter Lamont
18. Care in the operating room 247
6. Surgery in the tropics 68
Kath Jenkins and Hilary Edgcombe
Pradip K Datta, Pawanindra Lal and
Sanjay De Bakshi 19. Perioperative management of the
high-risk surgical patient 255
7. Principles of laparoscopic and
Mridula Rai and Kevin D Johnston
robotic surgery 93
Ara Darzi and Sanjay Purkayastha 20. Nutrition and fluid therapy 261
John MacFie
8. Principles of paediatric surgery 105
Anthony Lander 21. Postoperative care 272
Jay Kini
9. Principles of oncology 125
Robert JC Steele and Alastair J Munro 22. Day case surgery 281
Douglas McWhinnie and Ian Jackson
10. Surgical audit and clinical research 147
Jonothan Earnshaw and Birgit Whitman PART FOUR: TRAUMA
11. Surgical ethics and law 155 23. Introduction to trauma 289
Robert Wheeler Bob Handley and Peter Giannoudis
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vi CONTENTS
24. Early assessment and management PART SIX: SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
of trauma 301
42. Skin and subcutaneous tissue 577
Dinesh Nathwani and Joseph Windley
Christopher Chan and Adam Greenbaum
25. Emergency neurosurgery 310
PART SEVEN: HEAD AND NECK
Tony Belli and Harry Bulstrode
26. Neck and spine 326 43. Elective neurosurgery 605
Ashley Poynton William Gray and Harry Bulstrode
27. Maxillofacial trauma 341 44. The eye and orbit 622
Charles Perkins Colm O’Brien, Hugo Henderson and
Jonathan Jagger
28. Torso trauma 351
45. Cleft lip and palate: developmental
Ken Boffard
abnormalities of the face, mouth
29. Extremity trauma 364
and jaws 634
Parminder Singh
William P Smith
30. Burns 385
46. The nose and sinuses 653
Michael Tyler and Sudip Ghosh
Robert W Ruckley and Iain J Nixon
31. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 401
47. The ear 661
Tim Goodacre
Grant Bates
32. Disaster surgery 417
48. Pharynx, larynx and neck 674
Mamoon Rashid
Rishi Sharma and Martin Birchall
49. Oropharyngeal cancer 706
PART FIVE: ELECTIVE ORTHOPAEDICS
William P Smith
33. History taking and clinical 50. Disorders of the salivary glands 723
examination in musculoskeletal William P Smith
disease 437
PART EIGHT: BREAST AND ENDOCRINE
Parminder J Singh and Hemant G Pandit
34. Sports medicine and sports injuries 463 51. The thyroid and parathyroid glands 741
Gina Allen Zygmunt H Krukowski
35. The spine 470 52. The adrenal glands and other
Chris Lavy and Gavin Bowden abdominal endocrine disorders 778
Tom WJ Lennard
36. Upper limb – pathology, assessment
and management 485 53. The breast 798
Vinay Takwale and Irfan Khan Richard Sainsbury
37. Hip and knee 505 PART NINE: CARDIOTHORACIC
Hemant G Pandit and Andrew Barnett
54. Cardiac surgery 823
38. Foot and ankle 518 Jonathan R Anderson and Mustafa Zakkar
Bob Sharpe
55. The thorax 850
39. Musculoskeletal tumours 526 Ian Hunt and Carol Tan
Paul Cool
PART TEN: VASCULAR
40. Infection of the bones and joints 541
Martin McNally, Philippa Matthews 56. Arterial disorders 877
and Philip Bejon Robert Sayers
41. Paediatric orthopaedics 550 57. Venous disorders 901
Deborah Eastwood Peter McCollum and Ian Chetter
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CONTENTS vii
58. Lymphatic disorders 923 71. The vermiform appendix 1199
Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam and P Ronan O’Connell
David A Russell
72. The rectum 1215
PART ELEVEN: ABDOMINAL Sue Clark
59. History and examination of the 73. The anus and anal canal 1236
Peter Lunniss and Karen Nugent
abdomen 941
Mohan de Silva and V Sitaram
PART TWELVE: GENITOURINARY
60. Abdominal wall, hernia and umbilicus 948
Stephen J Nixon and Bruce Tulloh 74. Urinary symptoms and investigations 1271
Christopher G Fowler
61. The peritoneum, omentum, mesentery
and retroperitoneal space 970 75. The kidneys and ureters 1282
Charles H Knowles Christopher G Fowler
62. The oesophagus 987 76. The urinary bladder 1309
Derek Alderson Freddie Hamdy
63. Stomach and duodenum 1023 77. The prostate and seminal vesicles 1340
John N Primrose and Timothy J Underwood David E Neal and Greg L Shaw
64. Bariatric surgery 1058 78. Urethra and penis 1359
John Baxter Ian Eardley
65. The liver 1065 79. Testis and scrotum 1377
Rahul S Koti, Sanjeev Kanoria and Ian Eardley
Brian R Davidson
80. Gynaecology 1392
66. The spleen 1087 Stephen Kennedy and Enda McVeigh
O James Garden
PART THIRTEEN: TRANSPLANTATION
67. The gall bladder and bile ducts 1097
Kevin Conlon 81. Transplantation 1407
J Andrew Bradley
68. The pancreas 1118
Satyajit Bhattacharya Appendix 1:
Common instruments used in general
69. The small and large intestines 1143
surgery 1433
Gordon Carlson and Jonathan Epstein
Pradip K Datta
70. Intestinal obstruction 1181
Jim Hill Index 1437
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Contributors
Derek Alderson MD FRCS J Andrew Bradley MB ChB PhD FRCS Ac Med Sci
Barling Chair of Surgery and Head of Department, Queen Professor of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Consultant
Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK Surgeon, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Gina Allen BM DCH MRCGP MRCP FRCR Karim Brohi FRCS FRCA
Oxford Soft Tissue Injury Clinic (Ostic), St Luke’s Hospital, Professor of Trauma Sciences, Barts and the London School of
Oxford, UK Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
London, UK
Jonathan R Anderson MD
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College Harry Bulstrode MA Cantab BMBCh MRCS(Eng)
Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Academic Clinical Fellow in Neurosurgery, Division of
Neurosciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton,
Andrew Barnett FRCS(Orth) UK
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Robert Jones and Agnes
Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Shropshire, UK Gordon Carlson BSc MD FRCS
Consultant Surgeon, Honorary Professor of Surgery, University
Grant Bates BSc BM Bch FRCS (deceased) of Manchester; Honorary Professor of Biomedical Science,
Ear, Nose and Throat Surgeon, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University of Salford, Salford, UK
and Lecturer, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Christopher Chan BSC PhD FRCS FRCS(Gen Surg)
Philip Bejon MD Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Academic Surgical Unit, Barts
Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, Health NHS Trust, London, UK
UK
Ian Chetter MB ChB FRCSMD FRCS(Gen Surg) PG Cert Medical
Tony Belli MD FRCS(SN) Ultrasound PG Dip Clinical Education
Reader in Trauma, Neurosurgery, University of Birmingham, Professor of Surgery, Hull York Medical School, University of
Birmingham, UK Hull; Honorary Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Hull and East
Yorkshire NHS Trust, Academic Vascular Surgical Unit, Old
Satyajit Bhattacharya MS MPhil FRCS Doctors Residence, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
Consultant Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgeon, The Royal
London Hospital, London, UK Sue Clark MD FRCS(Gen Surg)
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK
Martin Birchall M(Cantab) FRCS FRCS(Oto) FRCS(ORL)
Professor of Laryngology, University College London, Kevin C Conlon MA MCh MBA FRCSI FACS FRCPS(Glas) FTCD
Consultant in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Professor of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin; Consultant
Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH NHS Surgeon, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and The Adelaide
Trust, London, UK and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Ken Boffard BSC(Hons) MB BCh FRCS FRCS(Ed) FRCPS(Glas) FACS Paul Cool MD MedSc(Res) FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Orth)
FCS(SA) Consultant Orthopaedic and Oncological Surgeon, Robert Jones
Professor and Head, Department of Surgery, Johannesburg and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Shropshire, UK
Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa Ara Darzi PC KBE HonFrEng FmedSci
Professor the Lord Darzi of Denham, Professor of Surgery,
Gavin Bowden MB BCh FCS(SA)(Orth) Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, London,
Consultant Spinal Surgeon, St Lukes Hospital, Oxford, UK UK
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CONTRIBUTORS ix
Pradip K Datta MBE MS FRCS(Ed) FRCS FRCSI FRCPS(Glas) Sudip Ghosh MB BS MS FRCS(Plast)
Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Caithness General Hospital, Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Stoke Mandeville Hospital,
Wick, Caithness, UK Aylesbury, UK
Brian R Davidson MD FRCS Peter Giannoudis MD FRCS
Consultant Surgeon, Royal Free Hospital and Professor of Professor of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of
Surgery, Hampstead Campus, University College London, Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
London, UK
Tim Goodacre MD FRCS
Sanjay De Bakshi MB BS MS FRCS FRCS(Ed) Senior Clinical Lecturer and Consultant Plastic Surgeon,
Consultant Surgeon, Unit of Surgical Gastroenterology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, India
William Gray MB MD FRCSI FRCS(SN)
Ian Eardley MA MChir FRCS (Urol) FEBU Professor of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychological
Consultant Urologist, Department of Urology, St James Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University,
University Hospital, Leeds, UK Cardiff, UK
Michael Earley MB MCh FRCSI FRCS(Plast) Adam Greenbaum MB BS MBA PhD FRCS(Plast) FEBOPRAS
Consultant Plastic Surgeon and Associate Clinical Professor, Consultant Plastic Surgeon, The Aesthetic Body Centre,
The Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street and Mater Hamilton, New Zealand
Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Jagannath Haldar MB BS MD FRCA
Jonothan Earnshaw DM FRCS Consultant Anaesthetist and Clinical Lead, Oxford University
Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Hospitals NHS Trust, Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Oxford
Gloucester, UK Brooke’s University, Oxford, UK
Deborah Eastwood FRCS Freddie Hamdy MD MA FRCS FRCS(Ed)(Urol) FMedSci
The Catterall Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Director, Division of Surgery and Oncology, Oxford Radcliffe
Stanmore, Middlesex, UK Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Hilary Edgcombe BA BM BCh(Oxon) FRCA(Lon) Bob Handley MB ChB FRCS
Consultant Anaesthetist, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
UK
Jim Hill MB ChB ChM FRCS
Jonathan Epstein MA MD FRCS Consultant General and Colorectal Surgeon, Manchester Royal
Specialist Registrar in General Surgery, Hope Hospital, Salford, Infirmary, Manchester, UK
UK
Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam BSc MD FRCS(Ed) FRCS
Roger Feakins MB BCh BAO BA MD FRCPI FRCPath Consultant Vascular Surgeon, The General Infirmary at
Consultant Histopathologist and NHS Professor of Leeds; Clinical Sub-Dean, University of Leeds Medical
Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Histopathology, School Chair, Translational Vascular Medicine, University
Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK of Bradford; Director, Northwick Park Institute for Medical
Research, London Honorary Professor, Division of Surgical and
Kenneth Fearon MD FRCPS(Glas) FRCS(Ed) FRCS Interventional Sciences, University College London, London,
Professor of Surgical Oncology and Honorary Consultant UK
Colorectal Surgeon, Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical
Science, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Ian Hunt MB BS BSc(Hons) FRCS(C-Th)
UK Consultant Thoracic Surgeon, Department of Cardiothoracic
Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
Pierre Foex DPhil FRCA FMedSci
Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Ian Jackson MB ChB FRCA
Headley Way, Oxford, UK Consultant Anaesthetist, Past President British Association of
Day Surgery, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
Christopher G Fowler BSc MB BS MA MS FRCP FRCS(Urol) FEBU FHEA York, UK
Professor, Department of Urology, The Royal London Hospital,
London, UK Kath Jenkins BM BS FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
O James Garden BSc MB ChB FRCPS(Glas) FRCS(Ed) FRCP(Ed) FRCSCan
FRACS(Hon) Kevin D. Johnston MBChB (Hons) BDS BSc MFDSRCS FRCA
Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Specialist Registrar in Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of
University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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