Table Of ContentL S M NUAL OF I SLAM I C SACRED LAW
BAHISHTI ZEWAR
Translation , Commentary, Foot Notes, References
Glossary & Index
By
Maulana Muhammad Ashraf Ali Thanvi
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HEAVENLY
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( BAHISHTI ZEWAR )
By
Maulana Muhammad Ashraf Ali Thanvi
Translation, Commentary, Foot Notes, Referencl;?s
Glossary·& Index
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Publisher's Note 13 Wuc//m-Ablution 59
TRUE STORIES Fard (Compulsory) Acts of lf"udhu 60
The First Story 15 Sunnah Acts of Wudhu 60
The Second Story 15 Factors that Break and Do not Break
The Third Story 16 l·fuclhu 63
The Fourth Story 16 Rules Concerning the Ma'=ur (Excused) 68
FAITH AND BELIEF Ghusl (Bath) 69
Beliefs About Allah 17 Things or Acts which Make Cihusl Obli-
Beliefs About the Prophets 19 gatory 72
Beliefs About Angels and Jinn 20 Additional Rules About Ghusl 73
Beliefs A bout the Awliya ( Friends of The First Cause 73
Allah) 20 The Second Cause 74
Beliefs About Heavenly Books 21 The Third Cause 75
Beliefs About the Sahahah (Companions The Fourth Cause 75
•
~) 21 Those Conditions When Ghusl is not Fard 7"5
General Beliefs 21 Tho~e Conditions When Gh11sl is 1-f'ajih
Incorrect Beliefs and Actions '.!4 (Obligatory) 76
Kufi· and Shirk (Disbelief and Polytheism) 24 Those Conditions When Ghusl is .mnnah 76
Innovations and Evil Customs 26 Those Conditions When Ghus/ is Alus-
A Few Major Sins Against which We .are tahubb 76
Warned Severely 28 Rules Concerning Hadalh Akbar (Major
The Worldly Harms of Sinning 29 Impurity) 77
The World}y Benefits of Obedience 30 Suitable and Unsuitable Water for wudhu
KNOWLEDGE and Ghus/ 78
The Importance of Knowledge 31 Rules Relating to Wells 80
Ahadith Related to the Acquisition of The Left-Over Water of Animals 83
Knowledge 31 Tayammwn-Purifying with Dust or Sand
The Education of Women 39 where Water is not Available 84
TAHARAH Rules Concerning Masah on Leather Socks 89
(Book of Purification) HAIDH AND /ST/HADA
Rules Pertaining to the Use of Water 47 Menstruation and Bleeding out of the
lstinja' (Abstersion) 48 Normal Period 92
Things that one should Abstain from when Rules Concerning Haidh 94
Passing Stool or Urinating 50 Rules Concerning Jstihada 96
Unsuitable Items for Jstinja' 50 NIFAS
Suitable Items for /stinja' 51 Nifas (Bleeding AfterC hild-Bir,th) ............ 97
..- -"
Purification ·of Impurities 51 Rules Concerning Nifas and Haidh 98
Rules Regarding Plirities and Impurities 56 The Virtues and Rewards of Wudh11an d
Contents
Ghus/ 99 Rulings Connected to the lma111a nd
SALA.It (r!!A YER) I 00 Muqtadi 152
The Virtues of Sa/ah 101 A Few Rulings Related to Ford and Wajib
Miscellaneous Rulings 110 Sa/ah 157
The Times of Sa/ah 111 Rulings on Joining and Not Joining the
Fajr (Morning) Sa/ah 111 Congregation 158
Zuhr (Mid-day) Sa/ah 111 Acts which Invalidate Sa/ah 160
Asr (Afternoon) Sa/ah 111 The Experjencing of Impurity in Sa/ah 162
Maghrib (Evening) Sa/ah 112 Witr Sa/ah 164
/sha' (Night) Sa/ah 112 Qadha Sa/ah 165
Rules Relatedt o the Times of Sa/ah 112 Sunnah and Naji Sa/ah 168
Azan-The Call to Sa/ah 114 Sajdah Sahw 171
Rules Concerning Azan and lqamah 115 Sajdah Tilawat 176
The Sunnahs and Mustahabb of A.zan and Sa/ah of the Sick 180
lqamah 117 Sa/ah on a Journey J8 2
Sunnahs Related to the Mu'azzin 117 Jumu'ah (Friday) Sa/ah 187
Sunnahs Related to the Azan and lqamah 118 'The Virtues of Friday 187
The Pre-requisites of Sa/ah 119 The Etiquette of Friday 189
Rul'es Related to Facing the Qiblah 123 The Virtues and Importance of Friday
The Method of Offering Fard Sa/ah 124 Sa/ah 191
The Fard Acts of Sa/ah 126 The Method of Offering Friday Sa/ah 192
~~~A~~&~ IM Pre-requisites which Make Friday Sa/ah
A Few Rules Related to Fard Sa/ah 129 lt'ajib 193
Difference in Sa/ah Between Men and Pre-requisites for the Friday Sa/ah to be
Women 130 Valid 193
Rules Concerning Recitation of the Qur'an 131 Rules for the Friday Khutbah 194
Acts that Nullify Sa/ah 132 The Friday Khutbah of the Prophet ~ 195
Acts that are :\lakruh in Sa/ah 134 Rules Related to Friday Sa/ah 197
Conditions which Permit the Breaking of Eid Sa/µh 197
Sa/ah 136 Salatul Kusoof and Khusoof 201
Sa/ah With Congregation 137 Salatul lstisqa' 202
The Virtues and Importance of Salatut Taraweeh 202
Congregational Sa/ah 138 Safatul Khawf 203
•'
Ahadith on the Virtues and Importance of Sa/atul /stikharah 205
Congregation 138 Salatut Tawbah 206
S.ayingso f the Sahabah ).,;,o n the Virtues TahiyY_atul Masjid 206
and Importance of Congregation 140 Najl Sa/ah Before Embarking on a Journey 207
Opinions of the Vlama with Regard to the Salaiul Qatl 207
Importance of Congregation 142 Salatut Tasbeeh 207
Jhe Benefits and ·wisdom of Congregation 143 Offering Sa/ah Inside the Ka'bah .................. 209
Conditions which Make Congregational Rules Concerning the Mosque 210
Sa/ah Wajih 144 A.-fawt-Death 211
Pre-requisites for the Va.lidity of Congre- Ghusl of the Deceased 212
gation 145 Kqfan (Shroud) for the Deceased ...............-.2..I s
The Rules of Congregation 151 The Janazah (funeral) Sa/ah 217
CentenU
The Fint Condition 218
RECITING THE QUR' AN
The Second Condition 218 WITH CORRECT PRONUNCIATION 273
The Third Condition 219 Special Advice to the Teacher ........................ 280
The Fourth Conc:iition 219 The Virtues of Reciting the Qur'an 280
The Fifth Condition 219
HAJJ 283
The Sixth Condition 219 The Visit to Madinah 286
The Burial 222 The Virtues of Hajj 286
Rules Concerning the Martyr 225 QURBA.Nl-SACRIFICE 287
General Rules of Janazah 227 Aqeeqah 293
Procedure According to Shari'ah at the The Method of Slaughtering an Animal 294
Time of Death 229 LAWFUL AND UNLAWFUL
The Method of Ghusl and Ka/an ( Bath and (Business :Transactions and Others)
Shrouding) 231 Ila/a/ and Haram 294
ZAKA.H 232 lntoxicants 295
Paying Zakah 237 Gold and Silver Utensils 296
Zak.ah on Produce of the Land 239 Clothing and 1/ijab 296
l.alcah on Livestock 240 ~ules Concerning Hair 299
The Ni.,ah for Camels 240 Miscellaneous Rulings 301
The .\"isah for Cattle 241 Lost ltems on Finding 303
The :\'i.yah for Sheep and Goats 242 JF aqf (Endowments) 304
Who is Entitled to Receive Zak.ah 242 Buying and _Selling 305
Miscellaneous Mu.va'il on Zak.ah 245 Finding Out the Price of an Item , ..........·.· ··:· 306
Sadaqatul Fitr 245 Having Knowledge of the Item that is to be
The Virtues of Charity 247 Purchased 308
SAUM (FASTING) 250 Purchasing on Credit 309
The Fasts of Ramadhan 251 Khiyarush Shari-The Right to Return
The Sighting of the M~n 253 Goods .310
The Qaclha or Missed Fasts 254 Purchasing an Item without Seeing It 311
The Nazr ,or Vowed Fasts 255 Defects in an Item 312
The ,\'ajl or Optional Fasts 256 Invalid and Improper Transactions 314
What Breaks and does not Break a Fast?·-·--· 257 Selling at a Profit or at Cost 318
Sahri and ~{tar 260 Transactions 13ased on Riha' or Interest 319
Kuffurah 261 Gold and Silver 319
Conditions which Permit the Breaking of Items Sold by Weight 323
the Fast 263· Items Sold by Measurement or Counting 326
Conditions which Permit One not to Additional Points 326 ·
Fast-....................................................................2..6..3 Bay'u.\·S alum or Forward Buying 327
Fidyah (Compensation or Ransom) 265 The Taki.ng of Loans 329
l'tikaf 267 Giving Guarantees 330
The Virtues of Fasting 267 Passing Over of Debts to Someone Else 331
The Virtues of /'tikqf 271 Appointing a Person as a Wakil (Represen-
The Virtues of Lay/atr,/ Qadr 271 tative) 332
The Vinues Qf Taraweeh 272 Dismissing a Wakil 334
The Virtues of Remaining Awake During Mudarabah or Silent Partnership 334
the Nights of Eid ................................................2 73 Amanah or Trusts 335
Conti:nts
6
'.-lriyaho r Borrowed Items 338 Mahn,/ ,With/ 387
Hiha or Gifts 340 The Marriageso f the Disbelievers 388
Giving to Children 342 Equality Among Wives
388
Taking Back Something that has been Breast-Feeding 389
Given 343 The Virtues and Rights of Marriage 391
Renting and Hiring 344
DIVORCE
Improper Leasing or Hiring Out 345 Ta/pq (Divorce) 395
Taking of Compensations 346 Divorcing a Person 395
Annulment of a Rental Contract 347 The First Type 395
Taking an Item without Permission 347 The Second ~T ..y pe 395
Partnerships 348 The Third Type 396
Distributing Items that are Under a The First Way 396
Partnership 350 The Second Way 396
Kinds of f>artnerships 351 Divorce Prior to the Bride's Departure from
M_ortgages 353 Her Parent's Home 397
Wusiyyah or Bequests 353 Divorce After the Bride's Departure from
Sh1~/'uh-The Right of Pre-Emption 357 Her Parent's Home 398
.\lu=ura'uh--Temporary Sharecropping Issuing Three Talaqs 398
Contract 358 Conditional Divorce 399
Intoxicants 360 Divorce Issued by the Sick 401
The Pursuit of Lawful Wealth 360 Revoking a Ta/aqur Raj'i 402
The Detestation of Taking Debts Unneces- 'Ila' or Taking an Oath not to Approach
sari ly 369 One's Wife 404
Supplication for the Relief from Indebted- Khu/a' or Divorce at the Instance of the
ness 370 Wife -405
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE Zihar or Likening the Wife fo One's
. (About the Mariages of the Mother 407
Prophet's jt, Wives~Js,~j And Ka.ffarah 409
Daughters 1.+1-..U•_,.:.J) U'un-Allegation of Adultery 409
Sayyidah Fatimah's i.,:s .Ji,~> Marriage 371 Disappearance of the Husband 410
Marriages with His Wives 372
'IDDAH
A Contemporary Marriage According to 'lddah After Talaq 410
Shari'uh 372 'lddah After Death of the' Husband 412
Widow's Wedding 373 Mourning for the Dead 413
NIKAH Feeding and Clothing the Wife 415
.\ikah (Marriage) 374 Providing a Shelter for the Wife 416
Persons with Whom .\'ikah is Forbidden 375 Legitim,a.t.e Offspring 417
The lfo/i or Legal Guardian 378 The Detestation of Divorce 419
The Question of Compatibility or Ki!fu' 382 A Few Related Rulings 420
Equality in Lineage 382 The Most Preferable Method 420
Equality in Being a Muslim 382 The Good Method 421
Equality in Piety 383 The Bid'ah and Haram Method 421
Equality in .Wealth 383 The Custody of Children 421
Equality in Occu;,ation 383 The Rights of the Husband 422
.\lahr-----D-owry 383 The Method of Living with One's Husband 423