Badges Without Borders: How Global Counterinsurgency Transformed American Policing

411 Pages·2019·10.513 MB·English

by  Stuart Schrader

Badges Without Borders

Badges Without Borders
how global counterinsurgency
transformed american policing
Stuart Schrader
university of california press
University of California Press
Oakland, California
© 2019 by Stuart Schrader
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Schrader, Stuart, author.
Title: Badges without borders : how global counterinsurgency transformed
American policing / Stuart Schrader.
Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2019] |
Series: American Crossroads ; 56 | Includes bibliographical references
and index. |
Identifiers: lccn 2019004095 (print) | lccn 2019006628 (ebook) |
isbn 9780520968332 () | isbn 9780520295612 (cloth : alk. paper) |
isbn 9780520295629 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: lcsh: Counterinsurgency—United States—History—20th
century. | United States. Agency for International Development. Office
of Public Safety—History. | Racial profiling in law enforcement—United
States—20th century. | Social control—United States—20th century. |
Militarization of police—United States—century.
Classification: lcc u241 (ebook) | lcc u241 .s37 2019 (print) |
ddc 355.02/180973—dc23
LC record available at https://lccnloc.gov/2019004095
Manufactured in the United States of America
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my mother, Jane Marie Schrader,
and
In loving memory of Phyllis Waller, Erica Vallario,
Gail Moody, and Mike Stoddard

contents
List of Abbreviations ix
Introduction 1
1 • Rethinking Race and Policing in Imperial Perspective 27
2 • Byron Engle and the Rise of Overseas Police Assistance 52
3 • How Counterinsurgency Became Policing 79
4 • Bringing Police Assistance Home 113
5 • Policing and Social Regulation 142
6 • Riot School 166
7 • The Imperial Circuit of Tear Gas 192
8 • Order Maintenance and the Genealogy of SWAT 214
9 • “The Discriminate Art of Indiscriminate
Counter-revolution” 235
Conclusion 259
Acknowledgments 275
Notes 281
Selected Bibliography 343
Index 363

abbreviations
ADST Association for Diplomatic Studies and
Training, Foreign Affairs Oral History
Project
AID Agency for International Development
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CORDS Civil Operations and Revolutionary
Development Support
CRDJA Civil Rights during the Johnson
Administration, online database
CREST CIA Records Search Tool
CSA California State Archives, Sacramento, CA
CSTI California Specialized Training Institute
DDRS Declassified Documents Reference System,
Farmington Hills, IL
DOJ Department of Justice
E Entry
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
FRUS US Department of State, Papers Relating to
the Foreign Relations of the United States
GPO Government Printing Office
HIA Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, CA
IACP International Association of Chiefs of
Police
IAPA Inter-American Police Academy
ix
ICA International Cooperation Administration
IPA International Police Academy
IPG Interagency Police Group
IPS Internal Defense and Public Safety
JFKL John F. Kennedy Presidential Library,
Boston, MA
KCMNC Kansas City Municipal Library Mounted
Newspaper Clippings, Missouri Valley
Special Collections, Kansas City, MO
KCPHS Kansas City Police Historical Society
Missouri Valley Special Collections, Kansas
City Municipal Library, Kansas City, MO
LAPD Los Angeles Police Department
LBJL Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential
Library, Austin, TX
LEAA Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration
MSU Michigan State University
MSUA Michigan State University Special
Collections, East Lansing, MI
NACCD National Advisory Commission on Civil
Disorders (Kerner Commission)
NACLA North American Congress on Latin
America
NARA National Archives and Records
Administration, College Park, MD
NLF National Liberation Front for South
Vietnam
NRA National Rifle Association
NSAM National Security Action Memorandum
NSC National Security Council
NSF National Security File
OIDP Overseas Internal Defense Policy
OISP Overseas Internal Security Program
OLEA Office of Law Enforcement Assistance
OPS Office of Public Safety
x • Abbreviations