Table Of ContentCurrent Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
Samuel Wagner
Jorge E. Galan Editors
Bacterial Type III
Protein Secretion
Systems
Current Topics in Microbiology
and Immunology
Volume 427
Series Editors
Rafi Ahmed
School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
USA
Shizuo Akira
Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Klaus Aktories
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Arturo Casadevall
W.HarryFeinstoneDepartmentofMolecularMicrobiology&Immunology,Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Richard W. Compans
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
USA
Jorge E. Galan
Boyer Ctr. for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New
Haven, CT, USA
Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
DepartmentofMicrobiology,IcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinai,NewYork,
NY, USA
Bernard Malissen
Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy,
Marseille, France
Rino Rappuoli
GSK Vaccines, Siena, Italy
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Samuel Wagner Jorge E. Galan
(cid:129)
Editors
Bacterial Type III Protein
Secretion Systems
Responsible Series Editor: Jorge E. Galan
123
Editors
Samuel Wagner Jorge E. Galan
Institute of Microbiology BoyerCenter for Molecular Medicine
andInfection Medicine Yale University Schoolof Medicine
University of Tübingen NewHaven, CT,USA
Tübingen,Germany
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Preface
Manybacteriathatengage inpathogenicorsymbioticrelationshipwitheukaryotes
utilize protein secretion machines to deliver bacterially encoded effector proteins
intotheirtargetcells.Aprominentexampleamongtheseproteininjectionmachines
is the so-called type III secretion system (T3SS). These are evolutionary related to
bacterial flagella and, consequently, they share several structural and functional
features.
Early discoveries on flagellar and T3SSs were largely made utilizing genetic
approaches.Muchoftheknowledgegainedintheseearlyyears,however,continues
to provide a treasure of information for current investigations. Subsequently, bio-
chemistry and structural biology started to reveal molecular details of individual
components of these systems and provided a coarse picture of the entire macro-
molecular complex. In more recent years, technological progress, in particular, in
theareasofsuper-resolutionfluorescencemicroscopy,single particle cryo-electron
microscopy,aswellascryo-electrontomography,coupledtoanincreasedabilityto
biochemically handle large membrane-embedded protein complexes has substan-
tially pushed the boundaries of our knowledge of T3SS. This volume compre-
hensively reviews our current understanding of T3SS regulation, assembly,
structure, and function, and it provides an overview of the evolution of type III
secreted effector proteins.
This book starts with a chapter on the unification of the nomenclature of type
T3SSs. The independent discovery of these systems in various bacterial pathogens
and symbionts has resulted in a confusingdiversity of names for highly conserved
proteins, which has made it difficult to seamlessly translate discoveries in related
systems. The unification of the T3SS nomenclature as originally proposed by
Hueckin1998wasintensivelydiscussedattheinternationalT3SSmeetingheldin
Tübingenin2016andaconsensuswasachievedforabroadframeworktounifythe
nomenclature. The first chapter of this book provides an overview of the initial
discoveries, introduces the extented unified nomenclature for T3SS, and suggests
rules for its future use. The second chapter reviews the transcriptional and
post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of
virulence-associatedtypeIIIsecretionsystemsinvariouspathogens.Chaptersthree
v
vi Preface
through seven present and discuss our current understanding of the assembly and
structureoftheflagellarandT3SSinjectionmachines,andrelatetheirstructuresto
secretion functions. The actual export mechanisms and the energy transduction in
type III secretion machines are reviewed in chapter eight. Chapter nine focuses on
the mechanism of hook and needle length control as well as on the mechanism of
substrateswitchingtoreprogramthesecretionmachinesfromtheexportofearlyto
later substrates. Chapter ten reviews the information on the needle tip complex
oftheinjectisomesandtheprocessofhostcellsensingandtransloconformationat
the host target cell membrane. Finally, in the last chapter, the diversity and evo-
lutionoftypeIIIsecretedeffectorproteinsispresentedbyreviewingthreedifferent
families of effector proteins.
It should become obvious to the reader that although T3SSs are arguably the
most studied bacterial secretion machines, much remains to be discovered and
many aspects are still poorly understood. It is our hope that the comprehensive
overview provided by this book sparks new ideas to uncover the remaining mys-
teries hidden by these fascinating protein secretion machines.
Last but not least, we want to thank our colleagues, who have contributed the
different chapters and made this book possible.
Tübingen, Germany Samuel Wagner
New Haven, USA Jorge E. Galan
Contents
A Unified Nomenclature for Injectisome-Type Type III Secretion
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Samuel Wagner and Andreas Diepold
Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms
Controlling Type III Secretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Marcel Volk, Ines Vollmer, Ann Kathrin Heroven and Petra Dersch
Assembly and Post-assembly Turnover and Dynamics
in the Type III Secretion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Andreas Diepold
The Structure of the Type III Secretion System Needle Complex . . . . . 67
Sean Miletic, Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr and Thomas C. Marlovits
Molecular Organization and Assembly of the Export Apparatus
of Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
TohruMinamino,AkihiroKawamoto,MikiKinoshitaandKeiichi Namba
Structures of Type III Secretion System Needle Filaments. . . . . . . . . . . 109
Birgit Habenstein, Nadia El Mammeri, James Tolchard, Gaëlle Lamon,
Arpita Tawani, Mélanie Berbon and Antoine Loquet
The Type III Secretion System Sorting Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
María Lara-Tejero
Export Mechanisms and Energy Transduction in Type-III
Secretion Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Thibaud T. Renault, Alina Guse and Marc Erhardt
Flagellar Hook/Needle Length Control and Secretion Control
in Type III Secretion Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Shin-Ichi Aizawa
vii
viii Contents
The Tip Complex: From Host Cell Sensing
to Translocon Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
William D. Picking and Michael L. Barta
Diversity and Evolution of Type III Secreted Effectors:
A Case Study of Three Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Donald Patrick Bastedo, Timothy Lo, Bradley Laflamme,
Darrell Desveaux and David S. Guttman
fi
A Uni ed Nomenclature
for Injectisome-Type Type III Secretion
Systems
Samuel Wagner and Andreas Diepold
Contents
References.................................................................................................................................. 7
Abstract The independent naming of components of injectisome-type type III
secretion systems in different bacterial species has resulted in considerable confu-
sion,impedingaccessibilityoftheliteratureandhinderingcommunicationbetween
scientists of the same field. A unified nomenclature had been proposed by Hueck
more than 20 years ago. It found little attention for many years, but usage was
sparked again by recent reviews and an international type III secretion meeting in
2016. Here, we propose that the field consistently switches to an extended version
of this nomenclature to be no longer lost in translation.
S.Wagner
SectionofCellularandMolecularMicrobiology,EberhardKarlsUniversityTübingen,
InterfacultyInstituteofMicrobiologyandInfectionMedicine,Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str.6,
72076Tübingen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
ExcellenceCluster“ControllingMicrobestoFightInfections”(CMFI),Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str.
6,72076Tübingen,Germany
GermanCenterforInfectionResearch,Partner-SiteTübingen,Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str.6,
72076Tübingen,Germany
A.Diepold(&)
DepartmentofEcophysiology,MaxPlanckInstituteforTerrestrialMicrobiology,
Karl-von-Frisch-Str.10,35043Marburg,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
CurrentTopicsinMicrobiologyandImmunology(2020)427:1–10
https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2020_210
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020
PublishedOnline:16May2020
