Bacterial Biofilms

301 Pages·2008·3.77 MB·English

by  K. P. Lemon

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
Volume 322
Series Editors
Richard W. Compans
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, 3001 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Max D. Cooper
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 378 Wallace Tumor Institute, 1824 Sixth
Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA
Tasuku Honjo
Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine,
Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Hilary Koprowski
Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology
Foundation Laboratories, 1020 Locust Street, Suite M85 JAH, Philadelphia,
PA 19107-6799, USA
Fritz Melchers
Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr.
50–70, 4056 Basel Switzerland
Michael B.A. Oldstone
Department of Neuropharmacology, Division of Virology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Sjur Olsnes
Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian
Radium Hospital, Montebello 0310 Oslo, Norway
Peter K. Vogt
The Scripps Research Institute, Dept. of Molecular & Exp. Medicine, Division of
Oncovirology, 10550 N. Torrey Pines. BCC-239, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Tony Romeo
Editor
Bacterial Biofilms
T. Romeo
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Emory University School of Medicine
3105 Rollins Research Center
1510 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta
GA 30322, USA
[email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-75417-6 e-ISBN 978-3-540-75418-3
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-75418-3
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN 007-0217x
Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2007942367
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Preface
Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached,
matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated
planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in
the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences
for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune
function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious
diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern
studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive
stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical,
and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much
diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are
also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions
greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often
promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes
that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related
b acteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control
biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections.
This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease,
although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the
reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental,
and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic
p ersistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth. The next chapters are
devoted to common problematic biofilms, those that colonize venous and urinary
catheters. The final series of chapters examines biofilm formation by four species
that are important pathogens and well-studied models, one of which, Yersinia
pestis, cleverly adopts a biofilm state of growth within its insect vector to promote
disease transmission to mammalian hosts.
Thanks are due to the authors who devoted their time and energy to write these
chapters, the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments, and Anne Clauss
at Springer for excellent editorial assistance. I hope that you find the chapters to be
interesting and informative, and that this volume provides both a snapshot of this
burgeoning field and a stimulus for further investigation.
Tony Romeo
v
Contents
Biofilm Development with an Emphasis on Bacillus subtilis. . . . . . . . . . . . 1
K. P. Lemon, A. M. Earl, H. C. Vlamakis,
C. Aguilar, and R. Kolter
Physiology of Microbes in Biofilms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A. M. Spormann
Environmental Influences on Biofilm Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
C. C. Goller and T. Romeo
Quorum Sensing and Microbial Biofilms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Y. Irie and M. R. Parsek
Innate and Induced Resistance Mechanisms of
Bacterial Biofilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
G. G. Anderson and G. A. O’Toole
Multidrug Tolerance of Biofilms and Persister Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
K. Lewis
Biofilms on Central Venous Catheters: Is Eradication Possible?. . . . . . . . 133
R. M. Donlan
Role of Bacterial Biofilms in Urinary Tract Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
J. K. Hatt and P. N. Rather
Shifting Paradigms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Research . . . . . . 193
A. H. Tart and D. J. Wozniak
Staphylococcal Biofilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
M. Otto
vii
viii Contents
Yersinia pestis Biofilm in the Flea Vector and Its Role in the
Transmission of Plague. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
B. J. Hinnebusch and D. L. Erickson
Escherichia coli Biofilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
C. Beloin, A. Roux, and J.-M. Ghigo
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Contributors
C. Aguilar
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
G.G. Anderson
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School,
Hanover, NH 03755, USA
R.M. Donlan
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Mail Stop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA,
[email protected]
A.M. Earl
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
D.L. Erickson
Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIH, NIAID,
Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
J.-M. Ghigo
Groupe de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 2172, 25 rue du
Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,
[email protected]
C.C. Goller
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of
Medicine, 3105 Rollins Research Center,
1510 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
ix
x Contributors
J.K. Hatt
Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
B.J. Hinnebusch
Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIH, NIAID,
Hamilton, MT 59840, USA, [email protected]
Y. Irie
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Box 357242, HSB
Room K-343B, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA
R. Kolter
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA, [email protected]
K.P. Lemon
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, 02115, USA
K. Lewis
Antimicrobial Discovery Center and Department of Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02459, USA, [email protected]
G.A. O’Toole
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School,
Hanover, NH 03755, USA, George.O’[email protected]
M. Otto
Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain
Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA, [email protected]
M.R. Parsek
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Box 357242, HSB Room
K-343B, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA,
[email protected]
P.N. Rather
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of
Medicine 3001 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA, [email protected]
T. Romeo
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School
of Medicine, 3105 Rollins Research Center , 1510 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta,
GA, 30322 USA, [email protected]
Contributors xi
Beloin A. Roux
Groupe de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 2172, 25 rue du
Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
A. M. Spormann
Departments of Chemical Engineering of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
and of Biological Sciences, Clark Center E250, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA 94305-5429, USA,
[email protected]
A.H. Tart
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School
Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
H.C. Vlamakis
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
D.J. Wozniak
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School
Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA