Table Of Content(cx) CRC Press
Invertebrate Zoology
A Tree of Life Approach
ED TED BY
Bernd Schierwater
Rob DeSalle
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INVERTEBRATE
ZOOLOGY
A TREE OF LIFE
APPROACH
Edited by
Bernd Schierwater
Rob DeSalle
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CONTENTS
PREFACE x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ai
EDITORS xi
CONTRIBUTORS, xiv
PROLOGUE: INTRODUCTION:
SETTING THE STAGE FOR A
RATIONAL TREATMENT OF
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 1
CHAPTER 1 INVERTEBRATES AND
INFORMATION 9
CHAPTER 2 THE BASICS OF
PHYLOGENETICS ”
CHAPTER 3 INVERTEBRATE
PHYLOGENOMICS 45
CHAPTER 4 MODERN
INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ro
CHAPTER 5 ORGANIZING
INVERTEBRATES, at
HIGHER TAXA 1: INTRODUCTION
TO THE INVERTEBRATE TREE OF LIFE
CHAPTER 6 THE CLOSEST
UNICELLULAR RELATIVES OF
ANIMALS %5
CHAPTER ? PHYLUM PLACOZOA
CHAPTER 8 PHYLUM PORIFERA
CHAPTER 9 PHYLUM
CTENOPHORA
HIGHER TAXON 2: CNIDARIA
CHAPTER 10 PHYLUM
CNIDARIA: CLASSES,
SCYPHOZOA, CUBOZOA, AND
STAUROZOA
CHAPTER 11. PHYLUM
CNIDARIA: CLASS ANTHOZOA.
CHAPTER 12 PHYLUM CNIDARIA:
CLASS HYDROZOA
CHAPTER 13 PHYLUM CNIDARIA:
LINEAGE MYXOZOA
HIGHER TAXON 3: BILATERIA
CHAPTER 14 PHYLUM
PLATYHELMINTHES
CHAPTER 15 PHYLUM
CHAETOGNATHA
CHAPTER 16 PHYLUM
GASTROTRICHA
107
121
137
as
173
193
705
219
mm
253
vii CONTENTS,
CHAPTER 17 PHYLUM ROTIFERA
CHAPTER 18 PHYLA
GNATHOSTOMULIDA,
MICROGNATHOZOA, AND
CYCLIOPHORA
HIGHER TAXON 4:
LOPHOTROCHOZOA.
CHAPTER 19 PHYLUM.
MOLLUSCA
CHAPTER 20 PHYLUM
ANNELIDA
CHAPTER 21 PHYLUM
BRACHIOPODA.
CHAPTER 22 PHYLA
ECTOPROCTA AND PHORONIDA
CHAPTER 23 PHYLUM
NEMERTEA
CHAPTER 24 PHYLUM
ACANTHOCEPHALA
CHAPTER 25 PHYLUM.
ENTOPROCTA,
HIGHER TAXA 5: ECDYSOZOA
AND ARTHROPODA.
CHAPTER 26 SUBPHYLUM
CRUSTACEA
CHAPTER 27 SUBPHYLUM
HEXAPODA
265,
29
at
29
341
357
369
379
393
407
CHAPTER 28 PHYLUM
ARTHROPODA,
CHAPTER 29 SUBPHYLUM
MYRIAPODA,
CHAPTER 30 PHYLUM
ONYCHOPHORA
CHAPTER 31 PHYLUM
NEMATODA
CHAPTER 32 TARDIGRADA
CHAPTER 33 MINOR
ECDYSOZOAN PHYLA
NEMATOMORPHA, PRIAPULIDA,
KINORHYNCHA, LORICIFERA
CHAPTER 34 PHYLUM
XENOTURBELLIDA
HIGHER TAXON 6:
DEUTEROSTOMIA
CHAPTER 35 PHYLUM
ECHINODERMATA,
CHAPTER 36 PHYLUM
HEMICHORDATA
CHAPTER 37 PHYLUM
CHORDATA
EPILOGUE: THE SERIOUS
STUDENT OF INVERTEBRATE
ZOOLOGY
INDEX
a3
459
a7
499
13
521
533
563
578
ou
615
PREFACE
‘when teacking eur invanerate Zoology courses we stat by asking our st
deus the Galawing question: Inverlebrales are mzekwour stalls wilhoul
backbuves, al what see cael ails”
Te have assed Tis queslion lp several pss9nd tle susents eve the
lt 26 gears nth, the United States and Germany, and receive exacr'y on
cenrsccamnecr Metarcan animals shows “inticamne arenas” he. 2a
bur nore tian ove type of soalc sels he ston pest ie cel
‘il oles aerpls Wom conpaive aorptoleay or physistegy Wo usta
gato pellet singe cel urganlsois) een melazusens sulle use aetna
{Son fall "ae mow. enmnan ween anewene it 2 cmc oe Noe
fof sta asthe charactor tel tothe cfition, Hwee, several eats,
lice the Pistomonaes, ae colocial They age mace 2 caulile cls cup te
some 16.000 and tte even show somatic cell eventaion. The tagged,
{eophat cals ef the protst Voken ks anotzee good exact, Sul na pros nae
Ina mone than an somatic a
‘hore fe ane ether enirest meas of characeriat-g metannans: by using
Aiteren: moleciar genetic charactars in prylogerctic alysis whieh waa
Digueusls separate metuzours fom >rolils, Bul no stile has answered Cae
ey in ts wae
‘sider tothe ema meteanans quanticstvey deny nies an deter
mises am arineas appearanee and the fattasomatc difeeatatine fs sich
thar it peewides a dating array of charset for taxonomic classfeaton and
tulemalics, For moa sastouesins the suma fs mortal und Fs specie le
expecallon e, 20a des al In lest siages cl developed wll Ihe edo
iemetelly ie prograramed natural ets, The lef aver dead sore sll 3
fenrpeo" As am exception some inscrchrate gins arc capable of wegeative
rernemetin and, hs, save a soma Eats “poor ty mortal" caenpating
tama dilerenslion pallerns Selween animal graups is 2alle compara
(Gre gavlage” Tis is petury senile: appeased concept soul Ys we ase
fxfow ng ths approach m our leslbonk Ror clasifeaien and phylogenetic
innonpretation
New forme af data ave crmmonp'ace within ail sclemsic aicplnes
Ineretore, we Fave also added molecular datasets t2 the ook, whic allow
plgloyenets hee bully even aa Ue asvence 2 any emptied eta
{lon Slederis a repesinhers are ebl get by Rroacen ant shoipen the Wises
fvlnegratg noxphokigKaly3 molestie: calagels er ay u2 ng dierent alge
rithms fo re hailing an phy egenctic nals The views a hove ta dad
hn to teach mzetsbrate esky ea: he diferent fom aut to auchor and
instructor Ue esleuctey, and Wwe tive olen Wound Wer sling dilere in
Ewjope and te Unlled slates. We, the edllors of hs tentbouk, have neve,
‘and beneltec Ou entlig Lae njpst debates clscussng te prot ate car of
low ole-sehn Gos snd raat dataich ef apprach.
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x FRERACE
and De He Inthe Unite States, Our elecassirs were sometimes Inte
Dut we survived and hopa that on synthetic arreach or thistenthook 28s
‘our svezaresing alert to address bol, analiza iniriccles of invents
animals ane alsa ensiic approaches io modern invetlebr= Zouleay.
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Hyman. sin'fa Keeffe imertchrate Zealagis: does neki fm jou tere,
itsimply could notamyviere else early 30 in his career he was ratte wita
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The “sul ng edge” Ioals of the 1980s, since, Fe has afsnched out wns many
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fnftvoted him = the placzton irichoplx. Gar shared interest in this weird
Deast iz the tie that >roughe us together te engantze vais tstbonk Berd has
Spent hs bat 30 yeuts eu reveuber, lecture andes prtersoy fn clever
depauteent3 a Ye, CeuiJur, FeLvers, and Duke University anc for 29 yeate
Ihasiveci an nts for nertchrasrFaogy Prana ia invert
Hannover. le has worked en diferens gue, cing tamaals, nc,
snneids, ane erigariams and ha nan forused Wisk the Pac
‘Duy mutual nero inFlacezou las given ue be opportuni to Us abst
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tigi s:tetancing pistons. We Pepe cn mien spss acne ts ergan=
fo and irvtace al Kang Perches plain anton way wks the
Student to enjoy inve-tehrate Zoo. agy wth the saree anolness aad fascira-
lion (ar evolulion we have been experiencing
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lions ane contowerses and to formula cage epinians and arguments (at
conborenial subje sip veclebrale 2ovloas!
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last theeg decals, for some goad al same ad reasons. he goad Pea siNS
inca “he steadily ineeasing mumoer af molecules characte, Ua. can nel
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esons fude the svattbly ofboth kuye eweabess of cea ers and iver
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PRFERCF xl
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+ Seeezal seelogieat and molecuat data matrices release nthe
svoup eiscussed ina chapter. There are over 100 data matiens that
fee auc sit leble-o Ue student grouped by kup er. These dt
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sf pisiogeneie analyse pngrame. Fas sete daca mati a
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Please take: arteantage anton!
B CLaaio— Ae Debbie
end Seheester a nesalle
Tide University Hannover fmerican vnscnm of aaa Histon
annover, Germany ew York City, ew vor
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
‘ets: thank ou azles forthe patience and indulgence cuving the preduc-
lion of Ucs book. They were teat vo sullen we esd a deine end ee
Justo know exaelly nut me weve city. We yey ahatleue several lle
‘eof for tat ailing appar and work daring hs ptoel. Wiis acknow!
‘Sige eu: eto Chak Cami thn gone‘ appmvd ons peesert and who
thas been a guardian of sors for ae Bok since the frst outin. ie uel
cedue Jon: Weary our projec. developer at CRC/Caelral Scstee Taye
Francis ‘or i's expett work al melding Ue prjest fa am We uk Ezabet
Kuigal Kromisgetsivks ute peojeal elo tor her Sat ce tn ewouclag t=
ayer “rr aligenea, patience me eniginaldeas wre amazing andre ape
DF Ee baok ard ts exceuson would not have sen posh thou: es Mar
‘ork, We tak Ki Penk at Eanmover Urine tr lol bea cas =
Ber ud Rob ~cuing he producUsn af Je book, Walkout Kult ong
alin, het wots ant ilebectusl input we would skayly acl have 2 cugect
roar, for, we wads Puc once ah tha
‘om both Krista and wizaeth wers inspirational zd keptus ing on a ev
inderssring he project. Finally, we thank all yt coaleating author. They
al gladly and eeitustastically canted to bs projec anc we ae iezmentely
eal 16 then
