Autonomy and armed separatism in South and Southeast Asia

343 Pages·2012·6.459 MB·English

by  Institute of Southeast Asian Studies., Michelle Ann Miller

The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) was established as an
autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the
study of socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in
Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The
Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES,
including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS),
and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS).
ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than
2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research
about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with
many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate
important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of
the world.
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First published in Singapore in 2012 by
ISEAS Publishing
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Pasir Panjang
Singapore 119614
E-mail: [email protected] • Website: bookshop.iseas.edu.sg
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies.
© 2012 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore
The responsibility for facts and opinions in this publication rests exclusively with the authors
and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of the publisher or
its supporters.
ISEAS Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Autonomy and armed separatism in South and Southeast Asia / edited by
Michelle Ann Miller.
1. Southeast Asia—History—Autonomy and independence movements.
2. South Asia—History—Autonomy and independence movements.
3. Insurgency—Southeast Asia.
4. Insurgency—South Asia.
5. Southeast Asia—Politics and government.
6. South Asia—Politics and government.
I. Miller, Michelle Ann, 1974-
DS526.7 A93 2012
ISBN 9978-981-4379-97-7 (soft cover)
ISBN 9978-981-4379-98-4 (E-book PDF)
Cover photo: Indonesian soldiers dismantling pro-Acehnese independence flags that had been
erected by Free Aceh Movement rebels the previous night in commemoration of the formation
of their armed separatist movement on 4 December 1976. Photo taken by Michelle Ann Miller
in Lhokgna, Indonesia on 4 December 2000.
Typeset by International Typesetters Pte Ltd
Printed in Singapore by Mainland Press Pte Ltd
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For my beautiful husband,
Tim Bunnell
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
About the Contributors xiii
1. The Problem of Armed Separatism: Is Autonomy the Answer? 1
Michelle Ann Miller
2. Mediated Constitutionality as a Solution to Separatism 16
Damien Kingsbury
3. Self-Governance as a Framework for Conflict Resolution 36
in Aceh
Michelle Ann Miller
4. Autonomy and Armed Separatism in Papua: Why the 59
Cendrawasih Continues to Fear the Garuda
Bilveer Singh
5. The Parallels and the Paradox of Timor-Leste and Western 77
Sahara
Adérito de Jesus Soares
6. Between Violence and Negotiation: Rethinking the 93
Indonesian Occupation and the East Timorese Resistance
Douglas Kammen
7. Struggle over Space in Myanmar: Expanding State 113
Territoriality after the Kachin Ceasefire
Karin Dean
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viii Contents
8. Sri Lanka’s Ethnic Conflict: The Autonomy-Separation 136
Dialectic
Jayadeva Uyangoda
9. Unitarianism, Separatism and Federalism: Competing Goals 162
and Problems of Compromise in Sri Lanka
P. Sahadevan
10. Autonomy and Armed Separatism in Jammu and Kashmir 177
Bibhu Prasad Routray
11. Armed Conflicts and Movements for Autonomy in India’s 196
Northeast
Shanthie Mariet D’Souza
12. Southern Thailand: The Trouble with Autonomy 217
Duncan McCargo
13. The Last Holdout of an Integrated State: A Century of 235
Resistance to State Penetration in Southern Thailand
Thomas Parks

14. Interlocking Autonomy: Manila and Muslim Mindanao 256
Steven Rood
15. History, Demography and Factionalism: Obstacles to Conflict 278
Resolution through Autonomy in the Southern Philippines
Ronald J. May
16. Conclusion 296
Michelle Ann Miller
Index 305
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aCknowledgements
I am grateful to the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore,
which made possible the “International Workshop on Autonomy and
Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia” that led to the production
of this book. The project also benefited from the financial and logistical
support of the Asia Foundation and the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public
Policy. For their constructive feedback on earlier draft chapters of this
book, I thank Tim Bunnell, Boyd Fuller, Ian Macduff, Michael Montesano,
Ora-Orn Poocharoen, Anthony Reid and Tin Maung Maung Than.
Thank you also to the anonymous reviewers of the ISEAS Manuscript
Review Committee who helped to improve the overall quality of this
manuscript. For their outstanding administration of this project, I thank
Alyson Rozells, Valerie Yeo, Henry Kwan, Karita Kan, Ada Wong, Mike
Li, Peter Lee and Jim Wu. For his valuable support in the editorial process,
I am indebted to Sovan Patra.
ix
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