Table Of Content(cid:2)
AutonomousAirborneWirelessNetworks
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Autonomous Airborne Wireless Networks
Edited by
Muhammad Ali Imran, Oluwakayode Onireti,
Shuja Ansari, and Qammer H. Abbasi
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University of Glasgow, UK
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2021
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Setin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbyStraive,Chennai,India
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v
Contents
EditorBiographies xiii
ListofContributors xv
1 Introduction 1
MuhammadA.Imran,OluwakayodeOnireti,ShujaS.Ansari,
andQammerH.Abbasi
2 ChannelModelforAirborneNetworks 7
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AzizA.KhuwajaandYunfeiChen
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 UAVClassification 8
2.3 UAV-EnabledWirelessCommunication 10
2.4 ChannelModelinginUAVCommunications 11
2.4.1 Background 12
2.4.1.1 PathLossandLarge-ScaleFading 13
2.4.1.2 Small-ScaleFading 17
2.4.1.3 AirframeShadowing 18
2.5 KeyResearchChallengesofUAV-EnabledWirelessNetwork 19
2.5.1 OptimalDeploymentofUAVs 19
2.5.2 UAVTrajectoryOptimization 19
2.5.3 EnergyEfficiencyandResourceManagement 20
2.6 Conclusion 20
Bibliography 21
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vi Contents
3 Ultra-widebandChannelMeasurementsandModeling
forUnmannedAerialVehicle-to-Wearables(UAV2W)
Systems 27
AmitKachroo,SurbhiVishwakarma,JacobN.Dixon,Hisham
Abuella,AdithyaPopuri,QammerH.Abbasi,CharlesF.Bunting,
JameyD.Jacob,andSabitEkin
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 MeasurementSettings 28
3.3 UWB-UAV2WRadioChannelCharacterization 33
3.3.1 PathLossAnalysis 33
3.3.2 TimeDispersionAnalysis 34
3.3.3 PathLossAnalysisforDifferentPostures 38
3.3.4 TimeDispersionAnalysisforDifferentPostures 38
3.4 StatisticalAnalysis 42
3.5 Conclusion 44
Bibliography 44
4 ACooperativeMultiagentApproachforOptimalDrone
DeploymentUsingReinforcementLearning 47
RigobertoAcosta-González,PauloV.Klaine,Samuel
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Montejo-Sánchez,RichardD.Souza,LeiZhang,andMuhammad
A.Imran
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 SystemModel 51
4.2.1 UrbanModel 51
4.2.2 CommunicationsModel 51
4.3 ReinforcementLearningSolution 54
4.3.1 FullyCooperativeMarkovGames 54
4.3.2 DecentralizedQ-Learning 57
4.3.3 SelectionofActions 58
4.3.4 Metrics 61
4.4 RepresentativeSimulationResults 62
4.4.1 SimulationScenarios 62
4.4.2 Environment 62
4.4.3 UserDistribution 62
4.4.4 Simulation 63
4.4.5 NumericalResults 64
4.4.5.1 SingleFrequency 64
4.4.5.2 ThreeFrequencies 65
4.4.5.3 SixFrequencies 66
4.5 ConclusionsandFutureWork 68
4.5.1 Conclusions 68
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Contents vii
4.5.2 FutureWork 69
Acknowledgments 69
Bibliography 69
5 SWIPT-PSEnabledCache-AidedSelf-EnergizedUAV
forCooperativeCommunication 73
TharinduD.PonnimbadugePereraandDushanthaNalin
K.Jayakody
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 SystemModel 77
5.2.1 Air-to-GroundChannelModel 80
5.2.2 SignalStructure 81
5.2.3 CachingMechanismattheUAV 82
5.3 OptimizationProblemFormulation 82
5.3.1 MaximizationoftheAchievableInformationRateatthe
User 82
5.3.2 TrajectoryOptimizationwithFixedTimeandEnergy
Scheduling 84
5.4 NumericalSimulationResults 86
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Acknowledgments 92
5.A ProofofOptimalSolutionsObtainedin(P1) 93
Bibliography 94
6 PerformanceofmmWaveUAV-Assisted5GHybrid
HeterogeneousNetworks 97
MuhammadK.Shehzad,MuhammadW.Akhtar,andSyedA.Hassan
6.1 TheSignificanceofUAVDeployment 97
6.2 Contribution 98
6.3 ThePotentialofmmWaveandTHzCommunication 98
6.4 ChallengesandApplications 100
6.4.1 Challenges 101
6.4.1.1 ComplexHardwareDesign 101
6.4.1.2 ImperfectioninChannelStateInformation 101
6.4.1.3 HighMobility 101
6.4.1.4 BeamMisalignment 101
6.4.2 Applications 102
6.5 FronthaulConnectivityusingUAVs 103
6.5.1 DistributionofSCBs 104
6.5.2 PlacementofUAVs 104
6.6 CommunicationModel 105
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viii Contents
6.6.1 CommunicationConstraintsandObjective 107
6.7 AssociationofSCBswithUAVs 108
6.8 ResultsandDiscussions 110
6.8.1 AnalysisofResults 110
6.9 Conclusion 114
Bibliography 115
7 UAV-EnabledCooperativeJammingforPhysicalLayer
SecurityinCognitiveRadioNetwork 119
PhuX.Nguyen,HieuV.Nguyen,Van-DinhNguyen,andOh-Soon
Shin
7.1 Introduction 119
7.2 SystemModel 121
7.2.1 SignalModel 121
7.2.2 OptimizationProblemFormulation 125
7.3 ProposedAlgorithm 125
7.3.1 TractableFormulationfortheOptimizationProblemP2 126
7.3.1.1 TractableFormulationforR [n] 126
S
7.3.1.2 TractableFormulationforR [n] 127
E
7.3.1.3 TractableFormulationforConstraint(7.10i) 127
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7.3.1.4 SafeOptimizationProblem 128
7.3.2 ProposedIA-BasedAlgorithm 128
7.4 NumericalResults 133
7.5 Conclusion 136
Bibliography 138
8 IRS-AssistedLocalizationforAirborneMobile
Networks 141
OlaoluwaPopoola,ShujaAnsari,RafayI.Ansari,LinaMohjazi,Syed
A.Hassan,NaumanAslam,QammerH.Abbasi,andMuhammad
A.Imran
8.1 Introduction 141
8.1.1 RelatedWork 143
8.1.2 UnmannedAerialVehicles 143
8.1.3 IntelligentReflectingSurface 143
8.2 IntelligentReflectingSurfacesinAirborneNetworks 144
8.2.1 AerialNetworkswithIntegratedIRS 145
8.2.1.1 IntegrationofIRSinHigh-AltitudePlatformStations(HAPSs)
forRemoteAreasSupport 145
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