automobile and auto components industries in asean

136 Pages·2014·3.18 MB·English

AUTOMOBILE AND AUTO
COMPONENTS INDUSTRIES
IN ASEAN:
CURRENT STATE AND ISSUES
AUTOMOBILE AND AUTO
COMPONENTS INDUSTRIES IN
ASEAN:
CURRENT STATE AND ISSUES

Edited by
RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUTO PARTS INDUSTRIES, WASEDA
UNIVERSITY
Copyright ©2014 by Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia
and Waseda University

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior notice to or
permission from the Publisher.

DDIISSCCLLAAIIMMEERR
The views in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), its Academic Advisory
Council, and the Management.
Table of Contents

List of Figures ii
List of Tables iii
List Abbreviation and Acronyms iv
Preface vii

CHAPTER 1 Current State and Issues of the Automobile and 1
Auto Parts Industries in ASEAN
Hideo Kobayashi
CHAPTER 2 Logistics of ASEAN Automotive Components 25
Seiji Kurosu and Akira Koyama
Mobility of Skilled Workers in ASEAN
CHAPTER 3 33
Mitsuhide Shiraki
CHAPTER 4 The CLMV Autombile and Auto Parts Industry 41

Hideo Kobayashi and Yings han Jin

The Indian Automotive Industry and the ASEAN
CHAPTER 5 51
Supply Chain Relations
Tristan Leo Dallo Agustin and Martin Schröder
Regarding the “ASEAN Economic Community and
APPENDIX 115
Japan”
Kazushi Shimizu and Hideo Kobayashi
i
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 GDP per capita of ASEAN member states, 2012 2
Figure 1.2 Total vehicle production in ASEAN5 countries, 3
2010-2013
Figure 1.3 Total vehicle sales in ASEAN5 countries, 2010- 5
2013
Figure 1.4 Organisation of the IMV project 19
Figure 3.1 Management composition and careers in bi-national 35
and multinational TNCs
Figure 3.2 Management composition and careers in 35
transitional TNCs
Figure 5.1 Indian automotive components imports, exports, 66
and trade balance
Figure 5.2 Automotive components’ import sources 67
Figure 5.3 Automotive components’ export destinations 67
Figure 5.4 Rane Group sales in 2012, by product 85
Figure 5.5 Number of Toyota Kirloskar Auto Parts employees 99
ii
List of Tables
Table 5.1 Vehicle production in India 61
Table 5.2 Indian vehicle sales by vehicle class 62
Table 5.3 Vehicle exports from India 63
Table 5.4 Passenger car sales by brand, FY 2011 and FY 2012 64
Table 5.5 Logistics Performance Index ranking of ASEAN 71
member states and India
Table 5.6 Indian two-wheeler market in FY 2012 and FY 2013 73
(until November 2013)
Table 5.7 Automotive parts JVs of TVS Group 74
Table 5.8 Tata Motors production volume by segment 80
Table 5.9 Tata Motors sales by segment and location 81
Table 5.10 Tata Motors’ Nano sales 83
Table 5.11 Hyundai’s domestic sales in and vehicle exports from 88
India
Table 5.12 Pentadaewha customers by product 90
Table 5.13 Centralised and localised components production in 94
ASEAN and India
Table 5.14 Production and export of components under the IMV 97
project
Table 5.15 IMV project overview 98

iii
List of Abbreviations

AAF = ASEAN Automotive Federation
= Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of
ACMA
India
AEC = ASEAN Economic Community
AIC = ASEAN Industrial Complementation
AICO = ASEAN Industrial Cooperation
AIP = ASEAN Industrial Program
ASC = ASEAN Security Community
ASCC = ASEAN Social and Cultural Community
BAIC = Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation
BBC = brand-to-brand complementation
CBTA = Cross-Border Transport Agreement
CBU = completely built unit
CEPA = Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
CKD = completely knocked-down
CLM = Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar
CLMV = Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Viet Nam
CMF = Common Module Family
CO2 = carbon dioxide
EAFTA = East Asia Free Trade Agreement
EEV = Energy Efficient Vehicle
EU = European Union
FDI = foreign direct investment
FTA = free trade agreement
GDP = gross domestic product
iv
GM = General Motors
HS = Harmonized System (code)
IMV = Innovative International Multi-purpose Vehicle
IPC = International Parts Center
IPR = intellectual property right
JIT = just-in-time
LCGC = low cost green car
LCV = light commercial vehicle
MERCUR =
Mercado Común del Sur
SOR
MHIPE = Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
MNE = Multinational Enterprise
MRA = Mutual Recognition Agreement
NAFTA = North American Free Trade Agreement
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer
PCMP = Progressive Car Manufacturing Program
RCEP = Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
R&D = research and development
ROO = rules of origin
SIAM = Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
SKD = semi-knocked-down
SUV = sport utility vehicle
TCIE = Tan Chong Industrial Equipment
THACO = Truong Hai Automotive Corporation
TKAP = Toyota Kirloskar Auto Parts
TNC = transnational corporation
TPP = Trans-Pacific Partnership
v
VAT = value-added tax
VW = Volkswagen
WTO = World Trade Organization

vi
Preface

The ASEAN region is going through a time of changes. Concretely, efforts
towards the realisation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2015 are
under way, which will result in a common market with a population of over
600 million. This is roughly half of the Chinese population and the creation of
a common market will have great consequences for the world economy.

This research project is focusing on the impact of AEC 2015 on the
automotive industry, which includes vehicle producers and auto parts
suppliers. The reason is that the brand-to-brand complementation (BBC)
scheme as proposed by Mitsubishi Motors allows the automotive industry to
play an important role in the historic development of AEC. The BBC scheme
and the ASEAN Industrial Cooperation (AICO), which went replaced by the
ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), developed into the present AEC 2015.
However, this development is not the only relationship between the
automotive industry and AEC. In fact, the AEC is the driving force in the
development of the automotive industry. It cannot be denied that the
agglomeration of the automobile original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
and the extensive supplier industry are linked to this growth. Moreover, it
cannot be doubted that the production of completely built units (CBUs) in
various ASEAN member states is based on the use of a system of intra-
regional reciprocal parts supply. In short, the automotive industry has been a
main promoter and beneficiary of regional integration. Therefore, the research
will be limited to exploring the impact of the forthcoming AEC 2015 on the
automotive industry.

Basing on the latest 2013 available data, vehicle production in the ASEAN5
(Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam) countries
surpassed 4.44 million units and sales reached 3.50 million units. If we are
presuming a 5 percent annual growth rate for production and 7 percent for
sales, this would result in 5.90 million produced and 5.60 million sold units in
these countries by 2020. In fact, this estimate is relatively moderate as it
partly includes the so-called CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
Viet Nam), which can be expected to experience a rapid market expansion. If
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