Automatically typified superordinal and ordinal names for the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) as recognized by Thorne (1992) and arranged following the principles of priority, autonymy, and the substitution of alternative names

10 Pages·1993·2 MB·English

by  James L Reveal

Phyiologia(March 1993) 74(3):193-202.
AUTOMATICALLY TYPIFIED SUPERORDINAL AND ORDINAL NAMES FOR
THE FLOWERING PLANTS (MAGNOLIOPHYTA) AS RECOGNIZED BY
THORNE (1992) AND ARRANGED FOLLOWING THE PRINCIPLES OF
PRIORITY, AUTONYMY, AND THE SUBSTITUTION OF ALTERNATIVE
NAMES
James L. Reveal
Department ofBotany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
20742-5815 U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Using the most recent system of classification for flowering plsuits
(Magnoliophyta)proposed by Thome (1992), superordinal euid ordinal
names and their synonyms are arranged according to the principles of
priority, autonymy, amd the substitution ofalternativenames.
KEY WORDS: Magnoliophyta, nomenclature, classification, ordi-
nal names
INTRODUCTION
Names above the rank of family are not subject to the rules of priority
(Art. 11.4; Greuter et ai 1988). Nonetheless, Thorne (1992) has attempted
to apply priority to ordinal names starting with Lindley (1833) even though
he was aware that the majority of the names proposed by Lindley had been
validly published by Dumortier (1829) four years earlier. The list of names
presented below follows Thome's classification scheme, but adopts a modified
principle ofpriority and the notion ofautonymy. The concept of substituting
alternative names at the family level (Art. 18.5) is applied to superordinal
and ordinal names. Also, I have retained technically illegitimate ordinal and
superordinal names if the formerly illegitimate family name upon which they
were based has been conserved (see App. IIB).
Thorne (1992) adopted the concept of autonyms for ordinal names even
though this is not mandated by the present Code for names above the rank
193
PHYTOLOGIA
194 volume 74(3):193-202 March 1993
of family. Thus, he took up Magnoliales (1838) rather than the earlier Lau-
rales (1826) within Magnolianae. I have maintained this principle. Finally,
an ordinal name is adopted only if the family name itself is accepted either
because a particular family name is conserved (e.^., Saxifragales [1829] over
Sedales [1828]) or because of a taxonomic decision (e.^., Asparagales [1838]
over Asteliales [1829]). A series of footnotes is appended to the end of the
cataloguejustifying why a particular name was adopted, or noting names ac-
cepted here which are different from those given by Thome.
The purpose of this exercise is to ascertain the nomenclatural affect of
priority on names at the rank of order. If the concept of "names in current
use" (Greuter 1991; Hawksworth 1991) is added tothe Codeat theforthcoming
International Botanical Congress, then perhaps, in time, this concept can be
expanded to include names above the rank of family. Having concentrated
recently on vascular plant nomenclature at the family rank and above, I can
attest to the difficulty of finding the earliest places of valid publication for
these names. Rules in the Code are vague for names above the rank offamily
and will require some revision.
Thome's (1992) treatment is particularly useful for this nomenclatural ex-
periment in that he recognized fewer superorders and orders than his contem-
poraries, thereby making the impact ofpriority more significant on a case-by-
case basis. By adopting the principle ofpriority, but considering it secondary
to the principle of autonymy, and then accepting the principle that ordinal
names based on alternative family names have equivalent priority as their al-
ternative ordinal names, there is only minimal nomenclatural disruption. The
most unfortunate name changes encounteredusing Thome's (1992) recent sys-
tem of classification is that Dioscoreales (1876) must be replaced by Taccales
(1829). Problems such as these can be addressed by conservation and/or the
establishmentofanamesincurrentuselistforordinalnames. Inshort, priority
has little significant nomenclature impact upon the established nomenclature
ofordinal names.
A catalogue of ordinal names with their full citation is now in its final
stages ofpreparation and review. It is requestedthat additional names and/or
corrections to the dates ofpublication given here be forwarded to me.
CATALOGUE OF SUPERORDINAL AND ORDINAL NAMES
I. Magnolianae Takhtajan, 1967 1. MagnolialesBromhead, 1838'
NelumbonanaeTakhtajan exRe- Laurales Perleb, 1826
veal, 1992 ^Irrs/o/ocAta/esDumortier, 1829
RanunculanaeTakhtajan exRe- GyrocarpalesDumortier, 1829
veal, 1992 Monimiales Dumortier, 1829
Revesd: Superordinal and ordinad autonyms 195
Piperales Dumortier, 1829 AmaranthaleaDumortier, 1829
Annonales Lindley, 1833 Cactales Dumortier, 1829
CalycanthalesC. Martius, 1835 ChenopodialesDumortier, 1829
Asarales Burnett, 1835 Nyctaginales Dumortier, 1829
Canellales Cronquist, 1957 Portulacalea Dumortier, 1829
IllicialesH.H.Hu exCronquist, ScleranthalesDumortier, 1829
1981 Petiveriales Lindley, 1833
AustrobaileyalesTakhtajan ex Silenales Lindley, 1833
Reveal, 1992 Dianthales Burnett, 1835
ChloranthalesConzatti & L.C. Atriplicales Horaninow, 1847
Smith ex Reveal, 1992 Opuntiales Willkomm, 1854
EupomatialesTakhtajan exRe- V.TheanaeThorne exReveal, 1992
veal, 1992 LecythidanaeTakhtajan exRe-
LactoridalesTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1992
veal, 1993 NepenthanaeTakhtajan exRe-
WinteralesA.C. Smith ex Re- veal, 1992
veal, 1993 Plumbaginanae Takhtajan ex
2. Ceratophyllales Bischoff, Reveal, 1992
1840 PolygonanaeTakhtajan exRe-
3. NelumbonalesBurnett, 1835 veal, 1992
4. Paeoniales Heintze, 1927 PrimulanaeR. Dahlgren exRe-
GlaucidialesTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1992
veal, 1992 Sarracenianae Thorne ex Re-
5. BerberidalesDumortier, 1829 veal, 1992
PodophyllalesDumortier, 1829 Dillenianae Takhtajan ex Re-
RanunculalesDumortier, 1829 veal &; Takhtajan, 1993
Papaverales Dumortier, 1829 9. Theales Lindley, 1833^
Menisperma/eaBromhead, 1838 Hypericales Dumortier, 1829
Helleborales Nakai, 1949 Nepenthales Dumortier, 1829
II. Nymphaeanae Thome ex Re- Camelliales Burnett, 1835
veal, 1992 niicales Burnett, 1835
6. Nymphaeales Dumortier, SarracenialesBromhead, 1838
1829 Aquifohales Senft, 1856
Euryalales H.-L. Li, 1955 Elatinales Nakai, 1949
III. RafflesianaeThorne exReveal, Dilleniales Hutchinson, 1924
1992 Medusagynales Brenan, 1952
7. Rafflesiales Oliver, 1895^ Lecythidales Cronquist, 1957
Cytinalea Dumortier, 1829 AncistrocladalesTakhtajan ex
MitrastemonalesMaiano, 1911 Reveal, 1992
Hydnorales Takhtajan ex Re- Actinidiales Takhtajan exRe-
veal, 1992 veal, 1993
IV. CaryophyllanaeTakhtajan, 1967 Dioncophyllales Takhtajan ex
8. CaryophyllalesPerleb, 1826 Reveal, 1992
PHYTOL OGIA
196 volume 74(3):193-202 Marci 1993
Ochnales Hutchinson ex Re- PandalesEngler& Gilg, 1912-
veal, 1993 1913
Paracryphiales Takhtajan ex Simmondsiales Reveail, 1992
Reveal, 1992 VIII. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Re-
10. Ericales Dumortier, 1829 veal, 1992
Vacciniales Dumortier, 1829 21. Violales Perleb, 1826
Rhodorales Horaninow, 1847 Cistales Reichenbach, 1828
Empetrales Nakai, 1930 Begoniales Dumortier, 1829
11. Fouquieriales Takhtajan Cucurbitales Dumortier, 1829
ex Reveal, 1992 Datiscales Dumortier, 1829
12. Styracales Burnett, 1835 Passiflorales Dumortier, 1829
SapotalesJ.D Hooker mW.H. Samydales Dumortier, 1829
.
Harvey, 1868 Tumerales Dumortier, 1829
Diospyrales Prantl, 1874 Bixalea Lindley, 1833
Ebenales Engler, 1892 Salicales Lindley, 1833
13. PrimulalesDumortier, 1829 Homaliales Bromhead, 1838
Samolales Dumortier, 1829 Laci5^emafa/e5Baskerville, 1839
Plumbaginales Lindley, 1833 TamaricalesHutchinson, 1924
Myrsinales Bromhead, 1838 Flacourtiales Heintze, 1927
14. Polygonales Dumortier, 1829 Caricales L. Benson, 1957
Rurrticales Burnett, 1835 22. BrassicalesBromhead, 1838'
VI. Celastranae Takhtajan, 1967 Resedales Dumortier, 1829
15. CelastralesBaskerville, 1839 Capparales Hutchinson, 1924
VII. Malvanae Takhtajan, 1967 Tovariales Nakai, 1943
EuphorbianaeTakhtajan exRe- Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex
veal, 1992 Reveal, 1993
RhamnanaeTakhtajan exRe- 23. Batales Engler, 1907
veal, 1992 IX. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal,
UrticanaeTakhtajan exReveal, 1992
1992 Balanophoranae R. Dahlgren
16. Malvales Dumortier, 1829 ex Reveal, 1992
TUiales Hutchinson, 1924 24. SantalalesDumortier, 1829
17. Urticales Dumortier, 1829 Anthobolales Dumortier, 1829
Ficales Dumortier, 1829 Loranthales Dumortier, 1829
Ulmales Lindley, 1833 Olacales Bentham, 1862
18. Barbeyales Takhtajan ex Medusagynales Brenan, 1952
Reveal k Takhtajan, 1993 25. BalanophoralesDumortier,
19. RhamnalesDumortier, 1829 1829
Elaeagnales Bromhead, 1838 Cynomoriales Burnett, 1835
20. EuphorbialesLindley, 1833 X. Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal,
Daphnales Lindley, 1833 1992
Crotonales Horaninow, 1847 26. Linales Baskerville, 1839
ThymelaealesWillkomm,1854 27. Rhizophorales Tieghem
Reveal: Superordinal and ordinal autonyms 197
ex Reveal, 1993 TVochodendralesTakhtajan ex
28. GeranialesDumortier, 1829 Cronquist, 1981
. Balsaminales Lindley, 1833 Cercidiphyllales H.-H. Hu ei
I Oxalidales Heintze, 1927 Reveal, 1993
Limnanthales Nakai, 1930 Eupteleales H.-H. Hu ex Re-
TVopaeolalesTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1993
veal, 1992 33. Casuarinales Lindley, 1833
29. PolygalalesDumortier, 1829 34. Balanopales Engler, 1897
Vochysiales Dumortier, 1829 Didymelales Takhtajan, 1967
MalpighicdesC. Martius, 1835 DaphniphyllalesPuUe exCron-
XI. Rutanae Takhtajan, 1967 quist, 1981
Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Re- Buxales Takhtajan ex Reveal,
b veal, 1992 1992
" 30. Rutales Perleb, 1826^ . 35. BrunialesDumortier, 1829
Papilionales Batsch, 1802 Roridulales Nakai, 1943
Citrales Dumortier, 1829 Gei33olomatalesTakhtajan ex
Sapindales Dumortier, 1829 Reveal, 1992
TerebinihalesDumortier, 1829 Hydrostachyales Diels ex Re-
Aceralea Lindley, 1833 veal, 1993
Coriarialea Lindley, 1833 Myrothamnales Nakai ex Re-
Meliales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1993
Connarales Burnett, 1835 36. Juglandales Dumortier, 1829
Lotales Burnett, 1835 Myricales Engler, 1897
Mimosales Burnett, 1835 RhoiptelealesNovak exReveal,
Aesculales Bromhead, 1838 1992
Fahales Bromhead, 1838 37. Betuiales Burnett, 1835^
Burserales Baakerville, 1839 Corylales Dumortier, 1829
Cassiales Horaninow, 1847 Quercales Burnett, 1835
Lettneriales Engler, 1897 Fagales Engler, 1892
Julianales Engler, 1907 38. Resales Perleb, 1826
Moringales Nakai, 1943 SanguisorhaleaDumortier, 1829
XII. Proteanae Takhtajan, 1967 Cro3sosomatale3Takhtajan ex
31. Proteales Dumortier, 1829 Reveal, 1993
XIII. Rosanae Takhtajan, 1967 39. SaxifragalesDumortier, 1829^
HamamelidanaeTakhtajan, 1967 Sedale3 Reichenbach, 1828
JuglandanaeTakhtajan exRe- Crassulales Lindley, 1833
veal, 1992 Gro33ulariale3 Lindley, 1833
Podostemonanae R. Dahlgren Droserales Grisebach, 1854
ex Reveal, 1992 DiapensialesEngler&: Gilg, 1924
TrochodendranaeTakhtajan ex Cephalotales Nakai, 1943
Reveal, 1992 Pamasstales Nakai, 1943
32. HamamelidalesGrisebach, Stylidiales Takhtajan ex Re-
1854 veal, 1992
198 P HYTO LO GIA voiume 74(3):193-202 March 1993
40. PodostemalesLindley, 1833® Carduales J.K. Small, 1903
Marathrales Dumortier, 1829 48. Campanulales Reichenbach.
41. CunonialesHutchinson, 1924 1828
XIV. Aralianae Takhtajan, 1967^ Brunoniales Lindley, 1833
Comanae Thorne ex Reveal, Goodeniales Lindley, 1833
1992 XVLSolananaeR.Dahlgren exRe-
EucommianaeTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1992
veal, 1992 49. Solanales Dumortier, 1829
Vitanae Takhtajan exReveal, Boraginales Dumortier, 1829
1992 ConvolvulaleaDumortier, 1829
42. Brexiales Lindley, 1833^° Nolanales Lindley, 1833
Hortensiales Grisebach, 1854 PolemonialesBromhead, 1838
Hydrangeales Nakai, 1943 Echiales Lindley, 1846
43. Cornales Dumortier, 1829 XVII.Loasanae R. Dahlgren exRe-
Vitales Burnett, 1835 veal, 1992
Haloragales Bromhead, 1838 50. Loasales Bessey, 1907
Garryales Lindley, 1846 XVIII. Myrtanae Takhtajan, 1967
EucommialesNemejc exCron- 51. MyrtalesReichenbach, 1828
quist, 1981 Onagrales Reichenbach, 1828
Aralidiales Takhtajan ex Re- Penaeales Lindley, 1833
veal, 1992 OenotheralesBromhead, 1838
Gunneralea Takhtajan ex Re- Combretales BaskerviUe, 1839
veal, 1992 Lythrales Oliver, 1895
44. PittosporalesLindley, 1833 Melastomatales Oliver, 1895
ByblidalesNakai exReveal, 1993 XIX. Lamianae Takhtajan, 1967'^
45. Araliales Burnett, 1835 GentiananaeThorne exReveal,
Angelicales Burnett, 1835 1992
Ammiales J.K. Small, 1903 52. Rubiales Dumortier, 1829
Apiales Nakai, 1930 AaclepiadalesDumortier, 1829
TorricellialesTakhtajan exRe- Cinchonales Lindley, 1833
veal, 1992 Gentianales Lindley, 1833
46. DipsacalesDumortier, 1829 Loganiales Lindley, 1833
Vibumalea Dumortier, 1829 Apocynales Bromhead, 1838
Caprifoliales Lindley, 1833 Galiales Bromhead, 1838
Valerianales Burnett, 1835 Vincales Horaninow, 1847
Lonicerales C. Baenitz, 1877 Chironiales Grisebach, 1854
Adoxales Nakai, 1949 Theligonales Nakai, 1942
XV. Asteranae Takhtajan, 1967 53. LamialesBromhead, 1838'**
Campanulanae Takhtajan ex CallitrichalesDumortier, 1829
Reveal, 1992 Gesneriales Dumortier, 1829
47. Asterales Lindley, 1833^' GlobularialesDumortier, 1829
Ambrosiales Dumortier, 1829 Jasminales Dumortier, 1829
Calycerales Burnett, 1835 PinguicularalesDumortier, 182!
'
Reveal: SupeTordined and ordinal autonyms 199
RhinanihalesDumortier, 1829 XXIL Triuridanae Thome ex Re-
Veratrales Dumortier, 1829 veal, 1992
Acanthalea Lindley, 1833 60. TriuridalesJ.D. Hooker in
Bignoniales Lindley, 1833 Le Maout & Decaisne, 1876
Lentihulariales Lindley, 1833 XXIILAlismatanaeTakhtajan, 1967
Oleales Lindley, 1833 Butomanae Takhtajan ex Re-
Plantaginales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1992
Scrophulariales Lindley, 1833 Najadanae Takhtajan ex Re-
Hippuridales Burnett, 1835 veal, 1992
Menthales Burnett, 1835 61. Alismatales Dumortier, 1829'^
Najadales Reichenbach, 1828
Ligustrales Bischoff, 1840
Verbenales Horaninow, 1847 HydrocharitalesDumortier, 1829
Butomales Hutchinson, 1934
[X. Lilianae Takhtajan, 1967
Vallisneriales Nakai, 1949
54. Liliales Perleb, 1826
Elodealea Nakai, 1950
IColchicalea Dumortier, 1829 62. Potamogetonales Dumortier,
Iridales Dumortier, 1829
1829
ParidaUs Dumortier, 1829
Aponogetonales Hutchinson, 1934
Ixiales Lindley, 1836
JuncaginalesHutchinson, 1934
i4/a<roemeria/esHutchinson, 1934
CyTnodoceq.les Nakai, 1943
Melanihiales R. Dahlgren ex
Posidoniales Nakai, 1943
Reveal, 1992
Zoaterales Nakai, 1943
55. BurtnannialesHeintze, 1927
Ruppiales Nakai, 1950
56. Asparagales Bromhead, 1838'"'
ScheuchzerialesB. Boivin, 1956
Asteliales Dumortier, 1829 XXIV. Aranae Thome ex Reveal,
Narciasales Dumortier, 1829
1992
AmaryllidcdeaBromhead, 1840 Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Re-
Agavales Hutchinson, 1934
veal, 1992
Allialea Traub, 1972 63. Arales Dumortier, 1829
Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex 64. Cyclanthales Nakai, 1930
I Reveal, 1992 65. Acorales Burnett, 1835
VellozialesR. Dahlgren exRe- XXV. Pandananae Thorne ex Re-
I
veal, 1992 veal, 1992
57. TaccalesDumortier, 1829' 66. Pandanales Lindley, 1833
Tamales Dumortier, 1829 XXVI. Arecanae Takhtajan, 1967
SmilacalesLindley,Nix. Pi 23. 67. ArecalesBromhead, 1840"^
1833 Phoenicalea Burnett, 1835
Dio3coreales3.D. Hooker, 1876 Cocosales Nakai, 1930
58. Orchidales Dumortier, 1829 XXVII.CommelinanaeTakhtajan,
XI. Hydatellanae Takhtajan ex 1967
Reveal, 1992 Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex
59. Hydatellales Cronquist in Reveal, 1992
Takhtajan, 1980 Juncanae Takhtajan, 1967
PHYTOLOGIA
200 volume 74(3):193-202 March J993
PontederianaeTakhtajan exRe- Zingiberalea Grisebach, 1854
veal, 1992 72. CommelinalesDumortier
Typhanae Thome ex Reveal, 1829
1992 Ephemerales Burnett, 1835
ZingiberanaeTakhtajan exRe- Xyridalea Lindley, 1846
veal, 1992 Erxocaulales Nakai, 1930
68. BromelialesDumortier, 1829 Mayacales Nakai, 1943
69. PhilydralesDumortier, 1829 73. Juncales Dumortier, 1829
PontedenalesJ.D. Hooker, 1876 Cyperales Burnett, 1835
HaemodoralesHutchinson, 1934 74. Poales Burnett, 1835
70. Typhales Dumortier, 1829 Gramtnales Dumortier, 1829
71. Cannaies Dumortier, 1829'^ Avenales Bromhead, 1838
Amomales Lindley, 1833 Reationales Perleb, 1S38
Muaales Burnett, 1835
NOTES
' The later Magnoliales (1838) is adopted over Laurales (1826) according
to the principle of autonymy.
^ The later Rafflesiales (1895) is adopted over Cytinales (1829) according
to the principle of autonymy.
' The later Theales (1833) is adopted over the earlier Hypericales (1829)1
and Nepenthales (1829) according to the principleof autonymy.
^ Brassicales (1838) is adopted over Resedales (1829) as Brassicales is con
sidered to be an alternativenamefor the descriptiveordinal name, Cruciferae
proposed by Perleb in 1826.
^ Rutales (1826) is retained over the earlier Papilionales (1802) according
to the principle of autonymy.
^ Thome used Betulales (1835), a later name than Corylales (1829), bui
as he did not accept Corylaceae, this name being rejected if combined with
Betulaceae (App. IIB; Greuter et al. 1988), Betulales is retained.
^ Saxifragales(1829) isretained,ratherthanSedales(1828) becauseThornt
did not accept Sedaceae.
^ Podostemales (1833) is retained, rather than Marathrales (1829) becaust
Thome did not accept Marathraceae.
^ Aralianae (1967) has priority over Cornanae (1992), the name adoptee
by Thorne.
'^ Brexiales(1833) haspriorityoverHydrangeales(1943), thenameadopte(
by Thorne.
Reveal: SuperordinaJ and ordinal autonyms 201
" Asterales (1833) is adopted, rather than Ambrosiales (1829), accord-
ing to the principle of autonymy and because Asteraceae is conserved over
Ambrosiaceae (App. IIB; Greuter et al. 1988).
'^ Lamianae(1967) haspriorityoverGentiananae(1992), thenameadopted
by Thome.
Lamiales (1838) is adopted over other competing names proposed in
1829 as Lamiales is an autonym ofLamianae. It may also be retained because
Lamiales is an alternative name for the descriptive ordinal name, Labiatae,
proposed by Dumortier in 1829. In any case, Scrophulariales (1833), adopted
by Thome, is a latter name.
'^ Asparagales (1838) is retained, rather than Asteliales (1829) because
Thorne did not accept Asteliaceae.
'^ Taccales(1829) has priorityoverboth Smilacales(1833) and Dioscoreales
(1876). The latter name was adopted by Thorne.
'^ The later Alismatales (1829) is adopted over Najadales (1828) according
to the principleofautonymy.
''^ Arecales (1840) is adopted over Phoenicales (1835) because Arecales is
considered tobean alternativenamefor the descriptiveordinal name, Palmae,
proposed by Perleb in 1826, and Phoenicaceae was not accepted by Thorne.
Cannales (1829) has priorityover Zingiberales (1854), the name adopted
by Thorne, as does Musales (1835).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks are extended to Dr. R.F. Thorne and Dr. J.H. Wiersema for re-
newing the manuscript. Work on ordinal and plant family names in Europe
nas supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is
scientific ArticleA-6404, Contribution No. 8595, ofthe Maryland Agricultural
Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.
LITERATURE CITED
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Tournay, France.
Greuter, W. 1991. Proposals to amend the Code, and report of Special
Committee6B: Provisionsforgrantingnomenclatural protection tolisted
names in current use. Taxon 40:669-677.
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202 volume 74(3):193-202 March 1993
Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. GroUe, D.L
Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, &
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Hawksworth, D.L. (ed.). 1991. Improving the Stability ofNames: Needs and
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Lindley,J. 1833. Nixus Plantarum. Ridgway & Sons, London, Great Britain.
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I