Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images (II)

397 Pages·1997·16.93 MB·English

by  Thomas M. Strat

M 0 n t e Proceedings of the Centro Stefano Franscini
Veritil Ascona
Edited by H. Fluhler, ETH Zurich
Automatic Extraction of
Man-Made Objects from
Aerial and Space Images (II
Edited by
A. Gruen
E.P. Baltsavias
O. Henricsson
Springer Basel AG
Editors:
Prof. Dr. Armin Gruen Dr. Emmanuel P. Baltsavias
Institute of Geodesy & Photogrammetry Institute of Geodesy & Photogrammetry
ETH Hănggerberg ETH H6nggerberg
CH-8093 Zurich CH-8093 Zurich
Tel.: [phone] Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail] E-mail: [e-mail]
Dr. Olof Henricsson
Institute of Geodesy & Photogrammetry
ETH Hănggerberg
CH-8093 Zurich
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA
Die Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Automatic extraction of man-made objects from aerial and space
images / ed. by A. Gruen ... - Basel ; Boston; Berlin: Birkhăuser
(Monte Verita)
2 (1997)
ISBN 978-3-0348-9822-5 ISBN 978-3-0348-8906-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8906-3
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
mlcrofilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must
be obtained.
© 1997 Springer Basel AG
Originally published by Birkhăuser Verlag in 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997
Camera-ready copy prepared by the editors.
Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TeF =
987654321
v
Preface
The success of the first Workshop on "Automatic Extraction of Man Made Objects from
Aerial and Space Images" in April 1995 convinced us that a follow-up event should be
seriously considered. Being recently one of the most active areas in computer vision and
photogrammetry, the techniques of building and road extraction from images have made
great progress towards operational use. This is also a field where the disciplines of computer
vision and photogrammetry have closely cooperated towards finding synergistic solutions
for the benefit of the issue as a whole. Therefore, after screening the results of the XVIIlth
ISPRS Congress, Vienna, 9-19 July 1996, we decided to push forward with the preparation
of what became known as "ASCONA '97", the second Workshop of this kind at the splendid
Conference Center at Monte Verita, Ascona, Switzerland.
As a result, from 4 to 9 May 1997 a group of 66 researchers, developers and users from 20
countries and 5 continents assembled under the administrative umbrella of the Centro
Stefano Franscini of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich at Monte Verita in
order to critically assess the progress in building and road extraction and to develop visions
and concepts for future work. It turned out. that about two thirds of the participants had
registered already for the first Workshop in 1995 and all relevant groups worldwide did
show up again.
This year's Workshop featured 12 Technical Sessions with ample time for discussions and
two sessions solely devoted to general discussions. The great majority of presentations dealt
with different levels of automation for building and road extraction from aerial images, and
some from satellite images. Thereby, a clear trend became obvious: from the traditional
computer vision concept of monocular (single image) extraction to photogrammetric multi
image approaches. In addition, it was generally agreed that multi-cue algorithms are
superior to single-cue solutions.
This book features all presentations given at the Workshop. We have arranged the
contributions in sequence according to the following issues: General Topics and Scene
Reconstruction, Building Detection and Reconstruction, Road Extraction, Map/GIS-based
Methods and Visualisation.
We anticipate that this volume represents a quasi complete account of the current state-of
the-art in building and road extraction. And we sincerely hope that it constitutes valuable
reference material for quite some time, even under the auspices of seemingly ever faster
developing technology and methodology.
We would like to thank all individuals who contributed to the organisation and
administration of this Workshop. We also acknowledge the support provided by the Centro
Stefano Franscini through Mrs. Katia Bastianelli. Last but not least we all appreciated a
sudden change of mind of the raingods, who decided after a few cloudy days and a
particularly wet excursion to Bellinzona to clear up the skies and to give all participants a
short but impressive glimpse at the many natural and man-made beauties of Monte Verita's
environment.
The Editors
Zurich, May 1997 Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry
ETH Zurich

VII
Table of Contents
General Topics and Scene Reconstruction
An Overview of DARPA's Research Program in Automatic Population of
Geospatial Databases
T. M. Strat, D. Climenson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
A Testbed for the Evaluation of Feature Extraction Techniques in a Time
Constrained Environment
J. J. Pearson, L. A. Oddo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Reconstruction of Man·Made
Objects from Aerial Images
F. Ade .......................................................... 23
Scene Reconstruction Research· Towards an Automatic System
F. Stolle, A. Hanson, C. Jaynes, E. Riseman, H. Schultz ................. " 33
Semantic Modelling of Man·Made Objects by Production Nets
U. Stilla, E. Michaelsen .......................................... " 43
From Large·Scale DTM Extraction to Feature Extraction
1 Loodts ........................................................ 53
Building Detection and Reconstruction
3·D Building Reconstruction with ARUBA: A Qualitative and Quantitative
Evaluation
O. Henricsson, E. Baltsavias ...................................... " 65
A System for Building Detection from Aerial Images
R. Nevatia, C. Lin, A. Huertas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77
On the Reconstruction of Urban House Roofs from Aerial Images
D. Frere, M. Hendrich, J. Vandekerckhove, T. Moons, L. Van Gool ........ " 87
Image.Based Reconstruction of Informal Settlements
S. Mason, E. Baltsavias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
A Model Driven Approach to Extract Buildings from Multi·V iew Aerial
Imagery
L. Spreeuwers, K. Schutte, Z. Houkes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
Automated Building Extraction from Digital Stereo Imagery
Z. Shi, R. Shibasaki, S. Murai ...................................... 119
Application of Semi·Automatic Building Acquisition
E. Gulch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129
On the Integration of Object Modeling and Image Modeling in Automated
Building Extraction from Aerial Images
V. Steinhage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139
TOBAGO· A Topology Builder for the Automated Generation of Building
Models
A. Gruen, H. Dan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149
VIII
Crestlines Constribution to the Automatic Building Extraction
Y. Uchervy, C. Louis, O. Monga .................................... 161
Recognizing Buildings in Aerial Images
F. lung, B. ledynak, D. Geman ..................................... 173
Above-Ground Objects in Urban Scenes from Medium Scale Aerial
Imagery
O. Dissard, C. Baillard, H. Maitre, O. lamet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 183
Digital Surface Models for Building Extraction
U. Weidner ..................................................... 193
Extracting Artificial Surface Objects from Airborne Laser Scanner Data
C. Hug ......................................................... 203
Interpretation of Urban Surface Models using 2D Building Information
N. Haala, C. Brenner ............................................. 213
Least Squares Matching for Three Dimensional Building Reconstruction
H. Wiman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223
Assessment of the Effects of Resolution on Automated DEM and Building
Extraction
l. P. Muller, C. Ourzik, T. Kim, l. Dowman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 233
Road Extraction
The Role of Grouping for Road Extraction
C. Steger, H. Mayer, B. Radig ...................................... 245
Artificial Intelligence in 3-D Feature Extraction
l. C. Trinder, Y. Wang, A. Sowmya, M. Palhang ........................ 257
Updating Road Maps by Contextual Reasoning
G. Vosselman, M. de Gunst ......................................... 267
Fast Robust Tracking of Curvy Partially Occluded Roads in Clutter in
Aerial Images
M. Barzohar, M. Cohen, l. Ziskind, D. B. Cooper ....................... 277
Linear Feature Extraction with 3-D LSB-Snakes
A. Gruen, H. Li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 287
Context-Supported Road Extraction
A. Baumgartner, W. Eckstein, H. Mayer, C. Heipke, H. Ebner. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299
Map/GIS.Based Methods
Three-Dimensional Description of Dense Urban Areas using Maps and
Aerial Images
M. Rowe, H. Maitre .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 311
MOSES: A Structural Approach to Aerial Image Understanding
F. Quint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 323
An Approach for the Extraction of Settlement Areas
K.-l Schilling, T. Vogtle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 333
IX
Extraction of Polygonal Features from SateUite Images for Automatic
Registration: The ARCHANGEL Project
l. Dowman, R. Ruskone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343
Visualisation
A Set of Visualization Data Needs in Urban Environmental Planning &
Design for Photogrammetric Data
1. Danahy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 357
A Virtual Reality Model of a Major International Airport
W Schickler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367
Managing Large 3D Urban Database Contents Supporting Phototexture
and Levels of Detail
M. Gruber, M. Kofler, F. Leberl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 377
List of Workshop Participants ........................................ 387
Author Index ...................................................... 393
General Topics and Scene Reconstruction