Autogenous Deformation and Internal Curing of Concrete

208 Pages·2003·6.48 MB·English

Autogenous Deformation
and
Internal Curing of Concrete
Cover illustration by Johannes Lura
Autogenous Deformation
and
Internal Curing of Concrete

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr.ir. J.T. Fokkema
voorzitter van het College voor Promoties,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 14 april 2003 om 16:00 uur
door
Pietro LURA
Ingegnere civile (Università degli Studi di Brescia)
geboren te Desenzano (Italïe)
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor:
Prof.dr.ir. K. van Breugel

Samenstelling Promotiecommissie

Rector Magnificus voorzitter
Prof.dr.ir. K. van Breugel Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor
Prof.dr.ir. J. Walraven Technische Universiteit Delft
em.Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.Dr.-Ing.E.h. F.S. Rostásy Technische Universität Braunschweig, Deutschland
Prof.dr. O.M. Jensen Aalborg Universitet, Danmark
Prof.dr.ir. G. De Schutter Universiteit Gent, Belgïe
Dr.ir. E.A.B. Koenders Technische Universiteit Delft
Dr.ir. E. Schlangen Intron BV, Nederland
Prof.dr.ir. J.M.J.M. Bijen Technische Universiteit Delft, reservelid

Published and distributed by: DUP Science

DUP Science is an imprint of
Delft University Press
P.O. Box 98
2600 MG Delft
The Netherlands
Telephone: [phone]
Telefax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 90-407-2404-0

Keywords: high strength concrete, internal curing, autogenous shrinkage

Copyright (cid:1) 2003 by Pietro Lura.

All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher:
Delft University Press.

Printed in the Netherlands
…fatti non foste a viver come bruti,

ma per seguir virtute e canoscenza.

Dante Alighieri, La Divina Commedia, Inferno, Canto XXVI

Chi troppo studia, matto diventa.

Annunciata Malvezzi
per Yvonne e Piera

Table of contents

List of symbols xi
List of abbreviations xv
PROLOGUE
Chapter One: Introduction 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Scope of this thesis 3
1.3 Terminology: autogenous phenomena and internal curing 5
1.4 Objectives of this thesis 8
Chapter Two: From hydration to autogenous deformation 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Hydration and formation of microstructure 11
2.3 Driving forces of autogenous shrinkage 15
2.4 Macroscopic expansion 18
2.5 Blast furnace slag cement 21
2.6 Silica fume 25
2.7 Internal curing 25
2.8 Measurements of autogenous deformation 28
2.9 Conclusions 34
PART I: CEMENT PASTE
Chapter Three: Paste measurements at room temperature 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Materials 37
3.3 Methods 38
3.4 Results and discussion 42
3.5 Conclusions 50
Chapter Four: Paste measurements at different temperatures 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Materials 52
4.3 Methods 52
4.4 Results and discussion 54
4.5 Conclusions 60
Chapter Five: Modeling of self-desiccation shrinkage 63
5.1 Introduction 63
vii
Table of contents
5.2 Modeling of self-desiccation shrinkage 63
5.3 Self-desiccation shrinkage of a Portland cement paste 65
5.4 Self-desiccation shrinkage of a BFS cement paste 71
5.5 Conclusions 75
PART II: NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE
Chapter Six: Measurements on NWC 79
6.1 Introduction 79
6.2 Materials 79
6.3 Methods 80
6.4 Results 82
6.5 Discussion 89
6.6 Conclusions 91
Chapter Seven: Modeling of shrinkage of NWC 93
7.1 Introduction 93
7.2 Materials 93
7.3 Calculation of concrete shrinkage 94
7.4 Results 96
7.5 Discussion 97
7.6 Conclusions 100
PART III: LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
Chapter Eight: LWAC with Liapor aggregates 103
8.1 Introduction 103
8.2 Properties of LWA 104
8.3 Experiments on LWAC 108
8.4 Modeling of internal curing 119
8.5 Conclusions 124
Chapter Nine: Pumice aggregates and lightweight mortar 127
9.1 Introduction 127
9.2 Materials 127
9.3 Absorption-desorption isotherms of pumice aggregates 128
9.4 Low Temperature Calorimetry study of pumice aggregates 132
9.5 X-ray absorption test and chemical shrinkage 134
9.6 SEM observation of the interface between pumice and cement paste 141
9.7 Mortars with different pumice content 145
9.8 Conclusions 152

viii
Table of contents
EPILOGUE
Chapter Ten: Conclusions and further research 155
10.1 Conclusions 155
10.3 Recommendations 156
10.4 Future research 156
References 159
Appendix A: Derivation of Raoult and Kelvin laws 171
Appendix B: Powers’ model 175
Appendix C: Amount of entrained water 177

Summary
Samenvatting
Acknowledgements
Curriculum vitae
ix