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Autoecology and ecophysiology
of woody shrubs and trees
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Autoecology and
ecophysiology of
woody shrubs and
trees
Concepts and applications
EDITED BY
Ratikanta Maiti
UniversidadAutónomadeNuevoLeón
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NuevoLeón,Mexico
Humberto González Rodríguez
UniversidadAutónomadeNuevoLeón
NuevoLeón,Mexico
Natalya Sergeevna Ivanova
BotanicalGardenofUralBranchoftheRussianAcademyofSciences
Yekaterinburg,Russia
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2016©2016byJohnWiley&SonsLtd
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1 2016
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Contents
Preface,vii
Listofcontributors,ix
1 Background,1
PartI:
2 Autoecology,15
3 Vegetationandbiodiversity,25
4 Casestudy:AtriptoregionsofbiodiversityandrainforestinRivieraMaya,31
5 Planttraits,42
6 Leaftraits,74
7 Woodcharacteristics,83
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8 Phenology,111
9 Phenology,morphologyandvariabilityinpollenviabilityoffourwoody
species(Cordiaboissieri,Parkinsoniatexana,P.aculeataandLeucophyllum
frutescens)exposedtoenvironmentaltemperature,north-easternMexico,124
10 Pollenbiologyandplantproductivity:Areview,133
11 Seedcharacteristics,158
12 Treemortality,162
13 Planttraitsrelatedtotheproductivityoftrees,168
PartII:
14 Ecophysiology,181
15 Researchadvancesinplantecophysiology,190
16 Carboncapture,carbonsequestrationandcarbonfixation,199
17 Plantnutrients,220
18 Litterfallandforestproductivity,238
19 Nutrientcycling,244
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vi Contents
20 Plantwaterrelationsandforestproductivity,248
21 Coldtoleranceoftrees,261
22 Heatstresstoleranceoftrees,266
23 Seedcharacteristics,seeddormancy,germinationandplantpropagation,270
24 Rootgrowth,278
25 FeaturesofborealforestinRussia:Aspecialstudy,285
26 Casestudy:Autoecology,biodiversityandadaptivecharacteristicsofProsopisin
theArizonaregion,312
Appendix1:LeafMorphology,325
Index,333
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Preface
Forest trees and shrubs play a vital role Autoecology deals with all aspects of the
as important sources of our daily needs; dynamism of populations, the physiologi-
and they also serve as a life-saver by cal traits of trees, their light requirements,
their capture of CO , thereby reducing their life history pattern and their phys-
2
the atmospheric carbon load. At the same iological and morphological characters
time, they use CO in the process of pho- (Fetcher et al., 1994). On the other hand,
2
tosynthesis and they store carbon in their ecophysiology is defined by growth in
biomass and wood as a source of energy. terms of various plant parameters, such
However, adverse climatic conditions, as leaf traits, xylem water potential, plant
increasing global warming associated with height, basal diameter, crown architecture
constant emission of greenhouse gases, andsoon,whichareinfluencedbyseveral
illegal logging, human activities, burning physiologicaltraitsandtheenvironmental
fossil fuels, expanding agriculture, high conditions of the forest ecosystem. This
temperatures, global warming, cyclones, alsoinvolvesvariousfunctional,physiolog-
(cid:2) water and cold stress affect the growth of ical, biochemical and biophysical aspects (cid:2)
trees and shrubs in the forests prevailing of woody trees for plant productivity. In
indifferentregionsoftheworld. this regard, there is a great necessity to
Forests save our lives by absorbing and determine the variability of physiological
reducing the CO load liberated in the functions among tree species and their
2
lower horizon of the atmosphere through adaptation to the prevailing environ-
the process of photosynthesis, liberating mental conditions. A clear understanding
oxygenforourrespirationandstoringcar- of different facets of autoecology and
bonintheirwood,importantforthewood ecophysiology will help forest scientists
industry. This situation in turn endangers and foresters in the efficient manage-
the security of mankind and animals, ment and protection of trees in a forest
reduces crop productivity and enhances ecosystem.
hunger and poverty in the world. There The main objectives are to provide
is a great necessity for protecting for- various aspects of autoecology and eco-
est resources against all these untoward physiology. In both cases, we discuss and
menaces. Concerted research activities in presentresearchadvancesobtainedinallof
multidisciplinaryfacetsneedtobedirected themajorforestsofthePlanet:temperate,
toprotectourforesttreasures. tropical and alpine regions of the world,
Atthisjuncture,thereisagreatnecessity withsupportingliteratureonallaspectsof
to study the autoecology and ecophysiol- autoecologyandecophysiologymentioned
ogyoftreespeciesintheforestecosystem. herein. With respect to autoecology, we
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viii Preface
describethebranchingpatternsandcrown forest trees and to plan future research.
architecture necessary for the capture of Besides, it is expected that this book will
solarradiation,thevariabilityinleaftraits, find a place among researchers, academic
leafanatomy,woodanatomy,phenological scholars, undergraduate and graduate stu-
eventsrelatedtothegrowth,development dents in disciplines related to agronomy,
and maintenance of the life cycle and the biology, forest science and range man-
seedcharacteristicsandplanttraitsrelated agement. It will also be useful for policy
toplantproductivity. makers as a ready reference as well as
Withrespecttoecophysiologywereport for retrieving detailed information on the
results on leaf pigments, leaf nutrients, plant species documented which support
carbon sequestration (carbon fixation), forest and range ecosystems for different
plant–water relations and factors affecting uses and purposes such as forage, timber,
plant productivity. As mentioned earlier, charcoal, shelter, reforestation and soil
we provide published research advances erosionprevention.
and original research results in various
topics. These used different approaches
Bibliography
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