Authorship and date of a key South American paper by Phillip P. King (1832)

2011·2.1 MB·English

by  Eugene V Coan

THE NAUTILUS 125(2):86-88, 2011 Page 86
Authorship and date of a key South American paper
by Phillip P. King 1832)
(
Eugene V. Goan1 Richard E. Petit Diego G. Zelaya
SantaBarbaraMuseumofNatural History 806 St. Charles Road Division ZoologiaInvertebrados
2559 Puestadel Sol Road North Myrtle Beach, SC29582-2846 USA Museo de LaPlata
SantaBarbara, CA94105-2936 USA [email protected] Paseodel Bosques/n
[email protected] 1900 La Plata, ARGENTINA
dzelaya@fenym unlp.edu.ar
.
ABSTRACT Captain Phillip P. King, R.N., F.R.S., &c., assisted
byW. Broderip, Esq. F.R.S., & c.”
An important paper describing many species of new marine J.
and terrestrial mollusks from southern South America was It wall be noted that the “authorship” ofthis paper was
publishedintheearly 1830s. Itsauthorshiphasbeen attributed oddlystyled, and it has also been assigned various publi-
either to King and Broderip or to King alone, and its date has cation dates, both matters addressed here.
been given variously as 1830, 1831, or 1832. We here contend
that King alone should be considered its author and that it
should bedatedas July1832. AUTHORSHIP
Additional keywords: Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, malacologi-
calliterature The inclusion of Broderip seems to be an unusually
placed acknowledgement, but we have seen similar
examples used to emphasize an acknowledgment of a
non-author. It is clearfrom the content ofthearticlethat
King considered himselfto be its author. In the second
INTRODUCTION
paragraph ofthe article, hewrote:
At the beginning of the 19th century, a number ofexpe- “In the description ofthe species I have the bene-
ditions provided the first insights into the knowledge of fit of the advice and assistance of my friend
the fauna from the southern tip of South America and Mr. Broderip; and to his knowledge ofthe subject,
the adjacent Antarctic waters. In this regard, the results and the attention which he has devoted to my
of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle represent a pioneer collection, I owe in a great measure the paper
contribution regarding mollusks, brachiopods, and bar- which I have now the satisfaction ofpresenting to
nacles. A paper describing material from this expedition the public through the medium ofthe Zoological
was published in the penultimate issue ofThe Zoological Journal” [emphasis supplied].
Journal Volume 5, Part 19, pages 332-349. The signifi-
,
cance of that paper arises in the descriptions of In several otherplaces intheintroductionandelsewhere
67 newspecies, including 14 species ofmarine bivalves- in the article. Kingreferredtothe authorofthe article as
one of them the commercially important scallop Zygo- “I", andon p. 342, Kingagain referredto“myfriend, Mr.
chlamys patagonicus, 24 species of marine gastropods, Broderip”. The runninghead of the article is “Capt. P. P.
2 chitons, 18 terrestrial gastropods, 4 freshwater gastro- King’s Description of Cirrhipedia, Conchifera, and
pods, 3 barnacles, and 2 brachiopods. In addition, a new Mollusea.”
gastropod genus, Marinula, was introduced. The title of It is notablethatwhen Broderip had reason to referto
this non-illustratedpaper is: the species named in this paper, he always showed King
alone as author. For example, in a paper read at the
“Description of Cirrhipeda, Conchifera and Zoological Society of London on 29 February 1832,
Mollusea, in a collection formed by the officers of Broderip (1832: 27) commented under his description
H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between of Chiton setosus that “This species is veiy distinct from
theyears 1826 and 1830 in surveyingthe southern Chit, setiger, King, (Zook Journ. vol. v. p. 338) . . and
coasts of South America, including the Straits of under C. frembleii Broderip (1832: 28) stated differ-
Magalhaens and the coast ol Tierra del Fuego. By ences between it an,d “Chit, setiger King”. In the Penny
,
Cyclopedia article on Helix, Broderip (1838: 108) men-
1 Research Associate tioned Marinula King.
1 .
E.V. Coan et ah, 201 Page 87
In addition to Broderip, many other authors attributed Sciences Naturelies had arrived describing one ol the
the taxa described in this paper to simply “King”, among new species, and the type was then altered to accommo-
them G. B. Sowerby I (1832), Catlow and Reeve (1845), date the footnote and to change the species name
Agassiz (1848), Carpenter (1857), Iredale (1915), Pfeiffer footnoted. Thepapercould notthus have appeared until
(1857), Suter (1913), andThiele (1929). after September 1831
On the other hand, d’Orbigny (1834-1847), in his Evidently, proofs ofthis paperwere made available to
Voyage clans TAmerique Meridionale was inconsistent, some workers soon after September 1831. For example,
,
crediting some taxa to Broderip and others to King. The the barnacle Elminius leachii described on page 334 was
frequent usage of “King & Broderip” appears to be a figured by G. B. Sowerby I in aworkthat appearedon 4
rather recent change in the second half of the 20th cen- January 1832. Sowerby (1832: unnumbered) stated that
tury after Sherborn (1922-1933) credited the species to “Capt. King has named the species Elminius leachii, see
“King & Broderip”. Marincovich (1973) used "King" Zool. Journ. vol. V. p. 334." There is a footnote on page
when referring to the genus Marinula but “King & 334 ofthe Zoological Journal article statingthat the spe-
,
Broderip” in his Literature Cited. Powell (1960) and cies had already been named Elminius kingii Gray, per-
Dell (1964) used “King” when referring to some species haps too late for the text to be changed, a fact not noted
and “King & Broderip” when referring to others. The bySowerby. As notedabove, Broderipcitedtwoof King’s
usage of “King & Broderip” became more common chitons in a meetingin February 1832.
at the end of20t1' century, and is often the current usage For unknown reasons, this issue was withheld and not
(Jonkers, 2003; Osorio, 2002; Pastorino, 2005a, b; distributed to subscribers until July 1832. In a review
Pastorino and Harasewych, 2000; Reid and Osorio, published in November 1832, N. A. Vigors, the editor,
2000; Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011; Zelaya, 2005; noted that itwas “published in Julylast” alongwith some
among manyothers). supplementary plates. This is the date given, without
A modern work using the same type ol assistance explanation, by Sherborn (1922-1933) in his entries for
acknowledgment is The American Museum of Natural the included species. Most subsequent authors have
History Guide to Shells by W. K. Emerson and M. K. followed this (e.g., Jonkers, 2003; Pastorino 2005a, b;
Jacobson (1976), “with the assistance ol Harold S. Pastorino and Harasewych, 2000; Reid and Osorio,
Feinberg and William E. Old, Jr.” The Library ol Con- 2000; Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011; Zelaya, 2005;
gress cataloging data has author as William K. Emerson amongothers).
with Morris K. Jacobson as joint author, with Feinberg This paper was evidently King’s only contribution to
and Old not mentioned. malacology. He published a number ofarticles on verte-
Although the International Code on Zoological brates, geography, and meteorology. Most ol his material
Nomenclature’s Article 50.1 (ICZN, 1999: 52) precludes from this key invertebrate paper is in The Natural His-
the use ofoutside sources to determine authorship, we tory Museum in London.
take the view that attribution to King is inherent in the
paper, and that attribution to Kingby other authors, and CONCLUSIONS
especially by Broderip himself, is confirmation ol our
interpretation of the oddly phrased authorship on the The authorship of the paper often cited as of “King &
paper. It is therefore our conclusion that King alone Broderip,”isattributabletoonlvP. P. Kingas arethe taxa
should be regarded as author of the paper and of the describedtherein. The date ofthe paper should be cited
includedtaxa. as July 1832.
LITERATURE CITED
DATE
TheissueofTheZoological journalcontainingthispaper AgassiJze,ntLe.t G1a8s48s.maNno,mSeonlcoldautroiri[sSolzootohluorgni]c.ixi+nde1x13u5nipvpe.rsalis.
wnoats sthmeooptehn.ulTthiemraeteisonneo, arenadltdhaetijnogurnoanl’sthoispepraarttioonfwtahse Brodeurnidpe,scWr.iJb.ed1,83w2h.ic[.h.f.oMromllpaurstcaofanthdeCcoonlelhecitfieornamhaitdheerbtyo
volume. The cover of volume 5 is imprinted "From Mr. H. Cuming . . .]. Proceedings of the Zoological Soci-
1832-1834”, and the bottom ofthe cover is dated 1835. etyofLondon, for 1832[2](16): 25-33 (21 April) [individ-
The Contents page for Part XIX containing this paper is ual species descriptions by W. Broderip and by G. B.
|
imprinted “July, 1830-September, 1831.”, which is obvi- Sowerby I, combinedbythe Secretaryin onetextblock],
ously meaningless. This paper and its contained species Broderip, W.J. 1838. Helicidae. Pp. 104-111, in: C. Knight,
have been dated byvarious authors as 1830, 1831, 1832, The Penny Cyclopaedia ofthe Society for the Diffusion
and even 1835. ofUseful Knowledge. C. Knight, London.Vol. 12, 510pp.
Pilsbry (1911: 525) seems to be the source ol the Carpenter, P.P. 1857. Reportonthepresentstateofourknowl-
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some subsequent authors. A footnote in the King paper AdvancementofScience for 1856: 159-368, pis. 6-9.
itself (p. 341) notes that, while the paper was being CatlowA. andL. Reeve. 1845.Theconchologist’s nomenclator.
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