Table Of ContentAuthoritarianism in the Middle East
This page intentionally left blank
Authoritarianism in the
Middle East
Before and After the Arab Uprisings
Edited by
Jülide Karakoç
Assistant Professor of Political Science, Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkey
Selection, introduction and editorial matter © Jülide Karakoç 2015
Individual chapters © Respective authors 2015
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-44554-4
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2015 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire, RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-49580-1 ISBN 978-1-137-44555-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137445551
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the
country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
To Miraz
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Acknowledgments viii
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction 1
Jülide Karakoç
1 The Roots of Authoritarianism in the Middle East 7
Selin M. Bölme
2 Authoritarian Tendencies versus Democratization:
Evidence from Turkey 38
Jülide Karakoç
3 The Arab World between 2011 and 2014: From
Revolutionary Configurations to the State of Violence 6 7
Hamit Bozarslan
4 A Long Road Ahead for Achieving Fully Fledged Equality:
Saudi Women’s Rights Activism 9 2
Fulya Doğruel
5 The Impact of the Arab Uprisings on the Kurds 1 27
Turan Keskin
6 The AKP and Its Family Policy in the Re-establishment
Process of Authoritativeness in Turkey 150
Zehra Yılmaz
7 A Comparative Analysis of the Post–Arab Uprisings Period
in Egypt, Tunisia and Libya 172
Jülide Karakoç
Index 201
vii
Acknowledgments
I decided to embark on this project one autumn day when the Middle
East was once again experiencing hard and complicated times. Although
people and countries of the region were having different experiences
in their search for dignity and freedom following the Arab uprisings,
it seemed as if authoritarianism had not lost its influence. This made
the idea of including not only Arab experiences but also Turkish and
Kurdish ones in a book on authoritarianism exciting for me. I shared
my thoughts on the subject with colleagues who are experts on the
specific issues of the region, and they agreed to be a part of this project
by contributing chapters to the book. Without their inputs, this project
would not have been realized. My greatest thanks, hence, go to the
contributors. They have added value and richness to this book through
their deep knowledge in their respective areas of expertise.
I would like to thank my colleague Aylin Ünver Noi for her encourage-
ment and for being a perfect and jolly roommate at the university. I am
grateful to my colleague Duygu Ersoy for bringing joy to our office; her
presence has lessened my burden.
My special thanks to the team at Palgrave Macmillan: Christina M.
Brian for her interest in this project, our commissioning editor Eleanor
Davey Corrigan, who responded to this project with excitement,
and the reviewer who strongly recommended the publication of this
edited volume. I would also like to thank the assistant editors, Harriet
Barker and Hannah Kašpar, who have been very supportive during the
publishing process.
Finally, I would like to thank my dear brother Seçkin and my parents,
Nazife and İlhan Karakoç, for their trust and support. And many thanks
to my darling Ozan, for his support and for being with me during the
many sleepless nights that I spent working on this book.
viii
Notes on Contributors
Editor
Jülide Karakoç is an assistant professor in the Department of Political
Science at the Gedik University, Istanbul. She has a master’s in Interna-
tional Relations from Galatasaray University, and a PhD in International
Relations from Ankara University. While carrying out her postdoc-
toral research in the Department of Political Science at Université de
Montréal, she also worked there as an invited lecturer, giving a course
on Middle Eastern politics. She has authored scholarly articles in M iddle
Eastern Studies , Critique and E thnic and Racial Studies. Her main areas
of interest are Middle East politics, the Kurdish question and Turkish
foreign policy.
Contributors
Selin M. B ölme is an assistant professor at the Institute of Middle
East Studies of Marmara University, Istanbul. She has a master’s in
International Relations from Hacettepe University and received her PhD
from the International Relations Department at Ankara University. She
has worked as a visiting researcher in the Defense Studies Department
at King’s College London and carried out her postdoctoral research
there. Bölme has extensively published on Turkish foreign policy, the
Middle East, Turkey–US affairs and defense and security politics and is a
frequent commentator for the Turkish media on these topics. Her PhD
thesis, titled “US Military Base Policy and Turkey: A Study on Incirlik Air
Base,” was published by İletişim Yayınları in 2012.
Hamit B ozarslan is Professor of History and Political Sociology at the
École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) in Paris. He received
his PhD at EHESS and Science-Po/Paris. His publications include L e luxe
et la violence: Domination et contestation chez Ibn Khaldûn (2014), Sociologie
politique du Moyen-Orient (2011, translated into Turkish and Italian) and
Une histoire de la violence au Moyen-Orient (2008, translated into Turkish
and Spanish, Arabic translation forthcoming).
Fulya D oğruel is an assistant professor at Gaziantep University. She
holds a PhD in Social and Cultural Anthropology from the Catholic
ix
