Table Of ContentAuthoritarian
Populism and
Liberal Democracy
Edited by
Ivor Crewe · David Sanders
Authoritarian Populism and Liberal Democracy
Ivor Crewe • David Sanders
Editors
Authoritarian
Populism and Liberal
Democracy
Editors
Ivor Crewe David Sanders
University College Oxford University of Essex
Oxford, UK Colchester, UK
ISBN 978-3-030-17996-0 ISBN 978-3-030-17997-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17997-7
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In honour and memory of Anthony King, 1935–2017, dedicated teacher,
scholar and advocate of liberal democracy.
P
reface
The essays in this book celebrate the life and work of Anthony King,
Millennium Professor of Government at the University of Essex, who died
in January 2017. Tony taught at Essex for over fifty years and several of
the contributors to this volume were his former students and/or research
collaborators. He had a passionate lifelong interest in the health of liberal
democracy and the continuing challenges that it faces. In recognition of
his contribution to the study of democracy, a conference was organised at
Essex in May 2018, chaired by John Bercow, the Speaker of the House of
Commons and another of Tony’s former students. The theme of the con-
ference was one close to Tony’s heart—the tensions between authoritarian
populism and liberal democracy. The essays here seek to explain how and
why authoritarian populist opinion has developed and been mobilised in a
variety of democratic countries in recent years. They also explore the
implications of this growth in authoritarian sentiment for the operation of
democratic politics in the future. We are grateful to all the participants in
the conference and especially to Anthony Forster, Essex’s Vice-Chancellor,
who provided the necessary funding.
Oxford and Wivenhoe Ivor Crewe
D ecember 2018 David Sanders
vii
c
ontents
1 Introduction 1
Ivor Crewe and David Sanders
Part I Populist Movements in Major Liberal Democracies 13
2 Authoritarian Populism and Brexit in the UK in
Historical Perspective 15
Ivor Crewe
3 Exploring Authoritarian Populism in Britain 33
Joe Greenwood and Joe Twyman
4 Authoritarian Populist Opinion in Europe 49
John Bartle, David Sanders, and Joe Twyman
5 Populism and Brexit 73
David Marsh
ix
x CONTENTS
6 Populism Plus: Voting for Donald Trump and Hillary
Clinton in the 2016 US Presidential Election 87
Paul Whiteley, Harold D. Clarke, and Marianne C. Stewart
7 Facilitating Donald Trump: Populism, the Republican
Party and Media Manipulation 107
David McKay
8 Exceptionalism, Contending Liberalisms and the Future
of the Democratic Party 123
Graham K. Wilson
Part II The Liberal Democratic Response to Authoritarian
Populism 139
9 How Can Liberal Democracies Respond Effectively to
Putin Without Prejudicing Liberalism and Democracy? 141
Geoffrey Hosking
10 How Can the Liberal Democratic Cause Be Advanced in
the Middle East? 155
Natasha Ezrow
11 Parliamentary and Presidential Systems: The Role of
Parties and the Danger of Authoritarian Populism 169
Jean Blondel and Jean-Louis Thiebault
12 Does Populism Discredit Direct Democracy? 183
Ian Budge
13 How Should Established Parties Respond to the Rise of
Identity Politics in Their Electoral Base? 197
Martin Kettle
CONTENTS xi
14 Populism and Social Citizenship: An Anglo- American
Comparison 211
Michael Moran
15 The Top Leader Fixation in British Politics 227
Archie Brown
Part III Anthony King’s Contribution to the Study of
Liberal Democracy 241
16 Constitutional Reform and the Functioning of UK
Democracy 243
Peter Riddell
17 The Founding Fathers v. The People? 257
Albert Weale
18 Ideas, Institutions and the Politicians of Our
Governments: Anthony King as a Student of Liberal
Democracy 271
Nicholas Allen
Part IV Conclusion 287
19 Conclusion 289
Ivor Crewe and David Sanders
Index 297
n c
otes on ontributors
Nicholas Allen Reader in Politics, Royal Holloway, University of
London. Author of numerous articles on British Politics. His recent edited
book (with John Bartle) is None Past the Post: Britain at the Polls, 2017.
John Bartle Professor of Politics, University of Essex. Author of numer-
ous articles and editor of numerous collections on British electoral behav-
iour and public opinion.
Jean Blondel Emeritus Professor of Political Science, Robert Schuman
Centre, European University Institute, Florence. Author of numerous
books on comparative politics and political leadership. Founding Director
of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR).
Archie Brown Emeritus Professor of Politics, University of Oxford, and
an Emeritus Fellow of St Antony’s College. His numerous books and arti-
cles include The Myth of the Strong Leader: Political Leadership in the
Modern Age (2014; paperback reprint with updated Foreword, 2018).
Ian Budge Emeritus Professor of Government, University of Essex.
Author of numerous books, including The New Challenge of Direct
Democracy, 1996. Founding Director of the Essex Summer Schools in
Data Analysis of the Manifestoes Project: Mapping Party Policy in 45
Post-War Democracies.
Harold D. Clarke Ashbel Smith Professor, School of Economic, Political
and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, and Adjunct Professor,
xiii
