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title : Authoritarian Argentina : The Nationalist Movement, Its
History, and Its Impact
author : Rock, David.
publisher : University of California Press
isbn10 | asin : 0520203526
print isbn13 : 9780520203525
ebook isbn13 : 9780585181608
language : English
subject Nationalism--Argentina--History--20th century, Argentina--
Politics and government--1910-1943, Argentina--Politics and
government--1943-1955, Argentina--Politics and government--
1955-1983.
publication date : 1993
lcc : F2848.R56 1993eb
ddc : 982.06
subject : Nationalism--Argentina--History--20th century, Argentina--
Politics and government--1910-1943, Argentina--Politics and
government--1943-1955, Argentina--Politics and government--
1955-1983.
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Authoritarian Argentina
The Nationalist Movement, Its History and Its Impact
David Rock
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON
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Page iv
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
Copyright © 1993 by
The Regents of the University of California
First Paperback Printing 1995
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rock, David, 1945
Authoritarian Argentina: the Nationalist movement, its history
and its impact / David Rock.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-520-20352-6
1. NationalismArgentinaHistory20th century. 2. Argentina
Politics and government19101943. 3. ArgentinaPolitics and
government19431955. 4. ArgentinaPolitics and
government1955 1983.
F2848. R56 1992
982. 06dc20 92108
Printed in the United States of America
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information
SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39. 48-1984.
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Page v
To Rosalind
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For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole
houses, teaching things they ought not, for filthy lucre's sake.
Saint Paul
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Page ix
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Preface xiii
1. The Incubus of Doctrine 1
2
The Discourse of Counterrevolution
8
De Maistre, Menéndez Pelayo, and Others
13
Other Authorities: Renan, Taine, and Maurras
20
The Ideological Synthesis in Argentina
2. The Threads of Tradition 26
28
The Seeds of Clericalism
37
The Traditionalists
3. Rule by the Capable 55
56
The Nativist Reaction
68
The Impact of War
75
The Assault on Popular Democracy
4. The Nationalist Crusade 87
88
The Right to Good Government
93
Structure and Personalities
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100
Clericalists, Jews, and Fascists
112
Social Justice and Anti-Imperialism
122
Ideological Cross-Fertilizations
5. The Nationalist Revolution 125
126
The Ascent of the Nationalists
138
Social Justice and Perón
145
The Transitions of Perón
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6. Perón and After 157
158
The Confrontation with Perón
176
Perón and the Church
183
From Lonardi to Illia
7. Authoritarians, Populists, and Revolutionaries 194
194
The Doctrine of National Security and the "Argentine Revolution"
205
The Armed Bands
209
The Populist Resurgence
213
The Montoneros
222
The Process of National Reorganization
231
The Nationalist Legacy
8. Conclusion 238
Notes 245
Select Bibliography 291
Index 309
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Acknowledgments
This book began as a set of interests and inquiries soon after the fall of the Argentine military regime of 19761983, at a
time when the authoritarian factions in Argentina were regrouping to resist the newly restored democratic government
of Raúl Alfonsín. The focus on ideology, the power of language, and the authoritarian subculture of Argentina springs
chiefly from innumerable evening conversations with my wife, Rosalind Rock, in which she suggested how the
concerns of literary criticism, in particular its stress on the content of language, might be applied to a study in Latin
American history. I acknowledge my wife's part in this book not only for her constant moral support but also for the
central conceptual contribution she has made to it.
I have addressed audiences in the United States, in Argentina, and on one occasion, in Uruguay on several aspects of
this work. My thanks go to Georgette Dorn, Sandra McGee Deutsch, Hilda Sabato, Jorge Lanzaro, Leandro Gutiérrez,
Steven Topik, Leslie Bethell, David Bushnell, Richard J. Walter, and others for opportunities to discuss or write about
this book. I also thank Carlos H. Waisman for help in identifying important literature and Perry Anderson for some
lively criticism. Tulio Halperín Donghi and Ezequiel Gallo, Jr., two of Argentina's most distinguished historians, have
encouraged me to believe that it has been worth the effort to complete this study. I warmly acknowledge the support of
colleagues, students, and staff at the Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara, in particular,
Héctor
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Lindo-Fuentes and Fernando Lopez Alves, a member of the Department of Political Science with whom I have worked
closely during the past few years. Fernando Rocchi, a graduate student from Argentina currently working with me in
Santa Barbara, read the manuscript and spotted a few errors I am very glad to have corrected. However, I do not blame
him or anyone else for any mishaps that remain. The translations in this book are my own unless otherwise indicated.
A fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation provided invaluable funds and time that enabled me to
finish the manuscript. Other important material assistance came from the Social Science Research Council of New York
and from the Academic Senate and the Interdisciplinary Humanities Center of the University of California, Santa
Barbara. I particularly acknowledge the skill and efficiency of Eileen McWilliam, my editor at the University of
California Press.
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