Table Of ContentŁÓDZ´ Studies in Language 53 53 ŁÓDZ´ Studies in Language 53
)
d.
e
(
t
r
e
k
c
e
D Mikołaj Deckert (ed.)
Mikołaj Deckert (ed.) j
a
ł
o
Audiovisual Translation – Research and Use k
i Audiovisual Translation –
M
This book explores two strands of students and academics but also for prac-
Audiovisual Translation referred to as titioners and for translators from other e Research and Use
s
“research” and “use”. As their points domains, given the increased prominence U
of convergence as well as divergence and diversity of AVT modes both in TS d
are brought to light, the contributors research and translation practice.” n
show that the two tend to overlap and Professor Aline Remael a
cross-pollinate. The volume’s inquiries of University of Antwerp h
linguistic, cultural, sociological, com- Chair of the Department of Applied Lin- c
r
putational, educational and historical guistics, Translators and Interpreters a
nature give a comprehensive up-to-date e
s
account of AVT as an expanding and het- e
erogeneous, yet internally coherent, field The Editor R
of scientific and professional endeavour. Mikołaj Deckert is Assistant Professor at –
the Department of Translation Studies, n
“The book offers a good balance of chap- University of Łódz´, Poland. His research o
i
ters dealing with new topics and chapters includes translation, language and cog- t
a
dealing with more established AVT topics nition, media discourse as well as corpus l
s
from new angles. It is a must read for TS linguistics. n
a
r
T
l
a
u
s
i
v
o
i
d
u
A
ISBN 978-3-631-72229-9
LODZ_53_272229_Deckert_AM_A5HC PLE neu.indd 1 05.07.17 16:28
Audiovisual Translation – Research and Use
ŁÓDŹ STUDIES IN LANGUAGE
Edited by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and Łukasz Bogucki
Editorial Board
Piotr Cap (University of Łódź, Poland)
Jorge Díaz-Cintas (University College, London, England)
Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland)
Wolfgang Lörscher (Universität Leipzig, Germany)
Anthony McEnery (Lancaster University, England)
John Newman (University of Alberta, Canada)
Hans Sauer (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany)
Piotr Stalmaszczyk (University of Łódź, Poland)
Elżbieta Tabakowska (Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland)
Marcel Thelen (Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands)
Gideon Toury † (Tel Aviv University, Israel)
VOLUME 53
Mikołaj Deckert (ed.)
Audiovisual Translation –
Research and Use
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche
Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at
http://dnb.d-nb.de.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Deckert, Mikołaj, author.
Title: Audiovisual translation : research and use / Mikołaj Deckert.
Description: Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, [2017] |
Series: Łódź studies in language; vol. 53 | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017012966| ISBN 9783631722299 (Print) |
ISBN 9783631722305 (E-PDF) | ISBN 9783631722312 (EPUB) |
ISBN 9783631722329 (MOBI)
Subjects: LCSH: Multimedia systems–Research. | Translating and interpreting–
Research. | Translating and interpreting–Technological innovations. | Audio-
visual equipment–Technological innovations.
Classification: LCC P306.93 .D43 2017 | DDC 418/.02072–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017012966
This publication was financially supported
by the Faculty of Philology of the University of Łódź.
Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck.
ISSN 1437-5281
ISBN 978-3-631-72229-9 (Print)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-72230-5 (E-PDF)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-72231-2 (EPUB)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-72232-9 (MOBI)
DOI 10.3726/b11097
© Peter Lang GmbH
Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
Frankfurt am Main 2017
All rights reserved.
Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH.
Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙
Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien
All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any
utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without
the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to
prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions,
translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in
electronic retrieval systems.
This publication has been peer reviewed.
www.peterlang.com
Contents
Mikołaj Deckert
Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
Anna Matamala
Mapping audiovisual translation investigations: research
approaches and the role of technology ��������������������������������������������������������������������11
Rafaella Athanasiadi
Exploring the potential of machine translation and other
language assistive tools in subtitling: a new era? ����������������������������������������������������29
Janusz Wróblewski
“Problems of AVT in the 1980s and 1990s” ������������������������������������������������������������51
Federico M. Federici
AVT in the Media: Emergencies through conflicting words and
contradictory translations �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������67
Veronika Šnyrychová
Media accessibility in the Czech Republic �����������������������������������������������������������101
Ayşe Şirin Okyayuz
Power, society and AVT in Turkey: an overview�������������������������������������������������115
Rebeca Cristina López González
When intertextual humour is supposed to make everyone laugh…
Even after translation ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������135
Hussein Mollanazar and Zeinab Nasrollahi
Official and non-official subtitles in Iran: a comparative study ������������������������155
Agnieszka Szarkowska, Łukasz Dutka, Olga Pilipczuk and Krzysztof Krejtz
Respeaking crisis points� An exploratory study into critical
moments in the respeaking process ����������������������������������������������������������������������179
6 Contents
Agata Hołobut, Jan Rybicki and Monika Woźniak
Old questions, new answers: computational stylistics in
audiovisual translation research ����������������������������������������������������������������������������203
Minu Sara Paul
Factors that influence the occurrence of partial subtitling in
Malayalam polyglot movies �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������217
Camilla Badstübner-Kizik
Multilingualism in the movies� Languages in films revisited ������������������������������233
Gernot Hebenstreit
Teaching AVT research at BA level: didactical reflections from a
local perspective ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������255
Anna Rędzioch-Korkuz
Gaining more benefits from a film lesson: integrated subtitles �������������������������273
Notes on contributors ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������289
Introduction
Audiovisual Translation: Research and Use
Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is now widely considered the most thriving and
exciting subfield of Translation Studies� At the same time, due to the fast pace of
developments it continues to be visibly under-researched and criticism of the tradi-
tional type is voiced with regard to the postulated gap between theory and practice�
In response to that, the volume’s objective is to explore two strands of AVT that are
tentatively referred to as “research” and “use”� Vitally, rather than to argue that these
two are mutually exclusive or even easy to delineate as discrete categories in the first
place, we hope to show they tend to overlap and cross-fertilise� The collection seeks
to bring to light their points of convergence, as well as divergence�
The research component in its most common sense naturally covers the dis-
cussion of scientific studies, which is the case in this book, too� However, the
component also deals with two other salient dimensions� One has to do with
illustrating translation research methodologies that effectively supplement the
more traditional ones – such as electroencephalography (EEG) and computational
stylistics� The other dimension is focused on the challenges of training prospec-
tive researchers� The use part, in turn, deals with subjects such as the agendas
motivating AVT mode selection as well as accessibility of multimodal content
within particular institutional and national configurations� It also looks into the
didactic facet of using AVT – in the language teaching classroom�
The collection opens with Anna Matamala’s article “Mapping audiovisual trans-
lation investigations: research approaches and the role of technology” which pro-
vides an overview of the thematic foci of AVT� As the author takes a primarily
technological vantage point, in addition to talking about the past and present
she comes up with predictions� Technology is also central to the contribution by
Rafaella Athanasiadi� In her article “Exploring the potential of machine translation
and other language assistive tools in subtitling: a new era?” the author conducts
a user-oriented scrutiny of current advances that enable process optimisation� A
more historical account of translation practice, again making use of the prism
of technology, is given by Janusz Wróblewski in the paper “Problems of AVT in
the 1980s and 1990s”� The author talks about numerous authentic examples of is-
sues faced by the translator, of both prototypically translational and more general
professional nature�
The contributions that follow can be grouped around policy matters condi-
tioned by social and political considerations� Federico M� Federici in his paper
8 Introduction
titled “AVT in the media: emergencies through conflicting words and contradic-
tory translations” investigates the translation of online versions of newspapers in
the context of crises� Drawing from the Italian mediascape, he convincingly de-
scribes cases of hybridity, with its motivating factors and implications� The article
“Media accessibility in the Czech Republic” by Veronika Šnyrychová makes up
for the research gap concerning the Czech regulations – and compliance there-
with – on making it possible for audiences with vision and hearing impairments to
access TV content� In turn, the contribution “Power, society and AVT in Turkey:
an overview” by Ayşe Şirin Okyayuz addresses diachronically the socio-political
underpinnings of mechanisms and practices shaping AVT, whereby it is under-
stood both as a product and a mode�
Another group of papers shed light on some of the most conspicuous prob-
lem areas that have been isolated within Translation Studies so far� In her paper
“When intertextual humour is supposed to make everyone laugh… Even after
translation” Rebeca Cristina López González draws examples from a dataset of
14 productions yielding a total of several hundred cases to talk about the strate-
gies and techniques used to render animated feature films� The article by Hussein
Mollanazar and Zeinab Nasrollahi titled “Official and non-official subtitles in
Iran: a comparative study” uses an appraoch that the authors define as descriptive,
comparative and geared towards the target text� Applying a five-component model
of translation strategies, they examine the decision patterns found in official trans-
lations and those authored by fansubbers� Agnieszka Szarkowska, Łukasz Dutka,
Olga Pilipczuk and Krzysztof Krejtz in their paper “Respeaking crisis points� An
exploratory study into critical moments in the respeaking process” utilise the
measures of frustration and concentration to inquire into respeaker cognitive
load� The technique of EEG applied here is clearly indicative of the current and
future methodological developments in AVT studies� Methodology itself is key
in the paper “Old questions, new answers: computational stylistics in audiovisual
translation research” by Agata Hołobut, Jan Rybicki and Monika Woźniak� The
authors show that stylometric examination – employing methods such as cluster
analysis of the most frequent word frequencies and lexical density – serves as an
invaluable source of information that can be supplemented qualitatively to gain
well-informed insights into constructs such as author, genre and epoch signals,
for example� As she gives an answer to the research question formulated in the
title of her paper – “Factors that influence the occurrence of partial subtitling in
Malayalam polyglot movies” – Minu Sara Paul carefully considers the parameters
of viewer expectations, language pair type and the subtitles’ discursive role as
the major sources of motivation� In a similar vein, Camilla Badstübner-Kizik’s
Introduction 9
“Multilingualism in the movies� Languages in films revisited” surveys the promi-
nent models and reflects upon several cases of film multilingualism� The author
also productively positions the discussion in the didactic academic setting�
The training aspect is then focused upon in two of the collection’s final contri-
butions� In “Teaching AVT research at BA level: didactical reflections from a local
perspective” by Gernot Hebenstreit AVT is discussed as a research subject to be
pursued by students� The author’s detailed observations draw on his experience
from a seminar conducted at the University of Graz� That thread is continued in
the article “Gaining more benefits from a film lesson: integrated subtitles” by Anna
Rędzioch-Korkuz� She reports on an experimental study designed to probe the po-
tential of using subtitled clips in EFL classes, with a focus on vocabulary retention�
All in all, a total of 14 articles by established translation scholars and early-
career researchers from institutions based in Austria, the Czech Republic, India,
Iran, Italy, Poland, Spain, Turkey and the UK represent an impressive range of
complementary perspectives� Inquiries of linguistic, cultural, technological, so-
ciological, computational, educational as well as historical nature combine to
create a fairly comprehensive and very up-to-date account of AVT as an expand-
ing and heterogeneous, yet internally coherent, field of scientific endeavour and
professional practice�
As impetus to this volume was given by the Intermedia 2016 conference held
in Łódź, I wish to warmly thank all the people who made the event possible and
successful: the participants, members of the Intermedia AVT Research Group and
prof� Łukasz Bogucki who has been a major driving force�
Mikołaj Deckert, February 2017
