Audiology: the fundamentals

378 Pages·2011·28.3 MB·English

by  Fred H. Bess

LibraryPirate
LibraryPirate
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page i LibraryPirate
Audiology:
The Fundamentals
Fourth Edition
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page ii LibraryPirate
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page iii LibraryPirate
CHAPTER 6 ■ Screening Auditory Function iii
AAuuddiioollooggyy::
TThhee FFuunnddaammeennttaallss
FFoouurrtthh EEddiittiioonn
FFRREEDD HH.. BBEESSSS,, PPhhDD
PPrrooffeessssoorr aanndd CChhaaiirr
DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff HHeeaarriinngg aanndd SSppeeeecchh SScciieenncceess
VVaannddeerrbbiilltt BBiillll WWiillkkeerrssoonn CCeenntteerr ffoorr OOttoollaarryynnggoollooggyy
aanndd CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn SScciieenncceess
VVaannddeerrbbiilltt UUnniivveerrssiittyy MMeeddiiccaall CCeenntteerr
NNaasshhvviillllee,,TTeennnneesssseeee
LLAARRRRYY EE.. HHUUMMEESS,, PPhhDD
PPrrooffeessssoorr
DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff SSppeeeecchh aanndd HHeeaarriinngg SScciieenncceess
IInnddiiaannaa UUnniivveerrssiittyy
BBlloooommiinnggttoonn,,IInnddiiaannaa
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page iv LibraryPirate
Acquisitions Editor:Pete Sabatini
Managing Editor:Andrea M. Klingler
Marketing Manager:Allison Noplock
Production Editor:Gina Aiello
Designer:Steve Druding
Compositor:International Typesetting and Composition
Printer: R. R. Donnelley Shenzhen
Fourth Edition
© 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business
530 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
LWW.com
First Edition, 1990
Second Edition, 1995
Third Edition, 2003
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or
by any means, including photocopying, or utilizing by any information storage and retrieval system without writ-
ten permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
Printed in the USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bess, Fred H.
Audiology: the fundamentals/Fred H. Bess, Larry E. Humes. — 4th
ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-6643-2
ISBN-10: 0-7817-6643-5
1. Audiology. I. Humes, Larry. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Audiology. WV 270 B557a 2008]
RF290.B44 2008
617.8—dc22
2007038510
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted
practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any
consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied,
with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this
information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set
forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication.
However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information
relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for
any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important
when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of health care providers to ascer-
tain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.
The publishers have made every effort to trace copyright holders for borrowed material. If they have inadver-
tently overlooked any, they will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at [phone] or fax
orders to [phone]. International customers should call [phone]. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins cus-
tomer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST, Monday through Friday, for telephone
access. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page v LibraryPirate
To our wives,Susie and Marty
Our children,Danny,Amy,Rick,Andy,Liz,Lauren,and Adam
and
To the undergraduate and graduate students whom
we have had the pleasure to work with
over the past few decades
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page vi LibraryPirate
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page vii LibraryPirate
PPrreeffaaccee
T
he fourth edition of Audiology: The Fundamentals continues to offer a contemporary
treatment of the profession of audiology at the introductory level. Although audiology
is a relative newcomer to the health care profession, it is a dynamic discipline that has
undergone rapid change and growth since its inception during World War II. In fact,
the multitude of changes that have occurred since the first edition have been impres-
sive. Because of these transformations and space limitations, we found ourselves once
again forced to make choices regarding which areas of audiology to include in this edi-
tion. As in the first three editions, we have chosen to discuss those topics considered
most important to the beginning student rather than to provide a cursory review of
the broad scope of the profession.
Initially, this book was written for three reasons. First, we believed that there was a
need for an introductory book that provided a contemporary approach to audiology—
one that strikes a balance between the traditional concepts and newer developments
in the profession. Second, we believed there was a place for an introductory book
that considered the type of student typically enrolled in a beginning audiology
course. Our experience suggested that most students taking an introductory course
in audiology were planning careers in speech-language pathology, special education,
or psychology. With this in mind, we have tried to emphasize material on auditory
pathology in children, especially middle ear disease, and we have included chapters
on screening auditory function and education for the individual with hearing loss. It
was our hope that such information would be of value to students when they began
practicing their chosen profession. Finally, we wanted to share with the beginning stu-
dent our enthusiasm for audiology—most important, the challenges and rewards
associated with this health-related discipline. The widespread acceptance of the first
three editions of this text reaffirmed our belief that a need existed for an introduc-
tory book of this type in audiology.
vii
Bess_FM.qxd 9/27/07 5:17 PM Page viii LibraryPirate
viii Preface
Organization
The book is organized into three parts. Part 1 provides background information on
the profession of audiology and a basic review of the underlying principles of acoustics
and the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system. A general understanding of
the concepts in Part 1 is essential to the practice of the profession of audiology. Part 2
is concerned with the principles of audiologic measurement and the general applica-
tion of audiologic procedures. Toward this end, Part 2 focuses on basic measurement
of auditory function, auditory pathologies and their associated audiologic manifesta-
tions and screening for hearing loss, and middle ear disease. Part 3 is directed at pro-
viding a general understanding of rehabilitative approaches used with children and
adults with hearing loss and the status of education of individuals with hearing loss.
Features and Items New to This Edition
This fourth edition offers many additions and updates from the previous edition and
provides much greater detail in several chapters. In fact, this edition may be more suit-
able for advanced undergraduates or even first-year doctor of audiology students.
Advanced material that was previously appended to the end of each chapter as sup-
plemental material has now been inserted into the main body of text in each chapter.
In addition, close to 50 new figures and vignettes have been added to this edition, and
many of them have been redrawn and a second color has been added to improve aes-
thetics and to enhance readability.
Moreover, we expanded the material offered in virtually every chapter of this book.
We have also tried to maintain the easy-to-read, easy-to-understand style. A new reader-
friendly design has also been developed for this new edition. Learning objectives
provide guidelines regarding material that will be discussed in each chapter. As before,
Referencesare intentionally omitted from the body of the book with the exception of
a few direct quotations. A popular component of the previous editions was the
vignettes. The fourth edition again uses these short, descriptive sketches designed to
enhance interest, to provide illustrative examples of ideas, and to crystallize defini-
tions of concepts that are difficult to grasp. Chapter summariesprovide a brief recap
of important information discussed in each chapter.
Ancillaries
A CD (included with each book) and companion Web site have been developed for
students to accompany this new edition of Audiology: The Fundamentals. Audiograms,
color anatomy and pathophysiology images, case studies, and a quiz bank have been
provided for use while learning and reviewing the information presented in the text.
PowerPoint lecture outlines and an image bank have been created for use by instruc-
tors. Both will be available online or as an instructors’ resource CD.
F.H.B.
L.E.H.