Audel Carpenters And Builders Layout Foundation And Framing

311 Pages·2005·7.14 MB·English

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AudelTM
Carpenters and Builders
Layout, Foundation,
and Framing
All New 7th Edition
Mark Richard Miller
Rex Miller
TLFeBOOK
iii
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Contents
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Authors xv
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1 Locating a Building 1
Selection of Site 1
Staking Out 1
TheLines 1
LayingOutwithTransitInstruments 2
MethodofDiagonals 3
Points on Layout 5
Summary 6
Review Questions 7
Chapter 2 House Foundations 9
Slab-on-Grade 9
Crawl Space 15
Basement Construction 21
Pile Foundation 22
All-Weather Wood Foundation 22
Summary 23
Review Questions 24
Chapter 3 Concrete Forms and Hardware 25
Need for Strength 25
Bracing 26
Economy 27
Fastening and Hardware 28
Lumber for Forms 28
Practicality 31
Texture 34
SizeandSpacing 34
StrippingForms 34
StrippingFormsforArches 38
v
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vi Contents
Special Forms 38
Prefabricated Forms 41
Summary 41
Review Questions 42
Chapter 4 Site Equipment 43
Ladders 43
SettingUpaLadder 49
LadderShoes 49
LadderAccessories 51
SpecialProducts 51
LadderSafety 55
Scaffolding 56
ScaffoldingComponents 56
ScaffoldingSafetyRules 62
Summary 71
Review Questions 72
Chapter 5 Concrete-Block Construction 73
Block Building Materials 74
StandardMasonryUnits 74
Mortar 76
Block Building Methods 77
BasicBlock-Laying 77
LayingBlocksatCorners 79
BuildingWallsBetweenCorners 80
Construction Methods 85
Walls 85
BuildingInteriorWalls 87
SillsandPlates 87
InstallationofHeatingandVentilatingDucts 88
ElectricalOutlets 88
Insulation 90
Flashing 91
Floors 92
Summary 96
Review Questions 97
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Contents vii
Chapter 6 Frames and Framing 99
Methods of Framing 99
Balloon-FrameConstruction 99
Post-and-BeamConstruction 99
PlatformFrameConstruction 99
Framing Terms 100
Sills 100
Girders 102
Joists 103
Subflooring 103
HeadersandTrimmers 104
WallsandPartitions 104
LedgerPlates 106
Braces 106
Studs 106
Bridging 107
Rafters 107
Lumber Terms 107
StandardSizesofLumber 107
FramingLumber 108
Summary 109
Review Questions 109
Chapter 7 Floors, Girders, and Sills 111
Girders 111
ConstructionofGirders 111
PlacingBasementGirders 111
Sills 114
TypesofSills 115
AnchorageofSill 116
SettingtheSills 116
Floor Framing 117
ConnectingJoisttoSillsandGirders 117
Bridging 118
HeadersandTrimmers 118
Subflooring 121
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viii Contents
Summary 122
Review Questions 122
Chapter 8 Constructing Walls and Partitions 125
Built-Up Corner Posts 125
Bracing 126
Preparing the Corner Posts and Studding 126
Erecting the Frame 126
Framing Around Openings 127
Headers 128
SizeofHeaders 128
OpeningSizesforWindowsandDoors 129
Interior Partitions 130
PartitionsParalleltoJoists 130
PartitionsatRightAnglestoJoists 131
EngineeredWoodandI-JoistOpen
MetalWebSystem 131
LaborandMaterialCostsReduction 132
Summary 137
Review Questions 137
Chapter 9 Framing Roofs 139
Types of Roofs 139
Roof Construction 141
Rafters 143
Length of Rafter 146
Rafter Cuts 151
CommonRafterCuts 151
HipandValleyRafterCuts 153
SideCutsofHipandValleyRafters 159
Backing of Hip Rafters 159
Jack Rafters 161
Shortest-JackMethod 162
Longest-JackMethod 162
Framing-TableMethod 163
Jack-RafterCuts 163
Method of Tangents 164
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Contents ix
Octagon Rafters 165
Trusses 167
Dormers 169
Summary 171
Review Questions 172
Chapter 10 Framing Chimneys and Fireplaces 173
Prefabricated Fireplaces 173
Contemporary Design 173
Summary 177
Review Questions 178
Chapter 11 Roofs and Roofing 179
Slope of Roofs 182
Selecting Roofing Materials 182
Roll Roofing 183
The Built-Up Roof 184
Wood Shingles 186
Hips 190
Valleys 190
Asphalt Shingles 192
Slate 197
Gutters and Downspouts 199
Summary 201
Review Questions 201
Chapter 12 Skylights 203
Residential Skylights 205
Skylight Maintenance 207
Tube-Type Skylights 213
Installation 213
Summary 216
Review Questions 216
Chapter 13 Cornice Details 219
Box Cornices 219
Closed Cornices 219
Wide Box Cornices 220
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x Contents
Open Cornices 220
Cornice Returns 221
Rake or Gable-End Finish 223
Summary 224
Review Questions 225
Chapter 14 Doors 227
Manufactured Doors 227
SashandPaneledDoors 227
FlushDoors 227
LouverDoors 229
Installing Mill-Built Doors 229
DoorFrames 230
Doorjambs 230
DoorTrim 232
Hanging Doors 234
Swinging Doors 235
Sliding Doors 235
Garage Doors 236
Summary 241
Review Questions 242
Chapter 15 Windows 243
Window Framing 244
Double-Hung Windows 244
Hinged or Casement Windows 245
Gliding, Bow, Bay, and Awning Windows 245
Window Sash 246
SashInstallation 247
SashWeights 247
GlazingSash 248
Shutters 250
Summary 250
Review Questions 250
Chapter 16 Siding 251
Fiberboard Sheathing 251
Wood Sheathing 251
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Contents xi
Plywood Sheathing 252
Urethane and Fiberglass 254
Sheathing Paper 254
Wood Siding 255
BevelSiding 256
Square-EdgeSiding 257
VerticalSiding 257
PlywoodSiding 258
PreservativeTreatment 259
WoodShinglesandShakes 259
Installation of Siding 259
TypesofNails 262
CornerTreatment 262
Metal Siding 264
Vinyl Siding 264
Summary 265
Review Questions 266
Appendix 267
Index 269