Table Of ContentAttacking Poverty:
A Market Approach
JamesT. Riordan
Enrique Vásquez H.
Roberta van Haeften
Fred L. Mann
Carlos Figueroa A
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AlIaCkIng P~ AMmct ApprOllCl>
JamHT Fllordan
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Table of Ccntents
v
List 01Figures
LIsl 01 Tobles l/U
Abb..,,,iollons IX
Acknowledgemcnls . .,.. .XI
Summu'Y I
l. /Ilrroductioll 17
1 1 Fr~"U'WQTk ¡u, no¡"king A!:x)Ul P""~Tly 17
12 OT1gin uf11,1.D(>(;Ullwnl 20
n"ó
1 3 On;¡arlll2lliOfl ,,1 OocUlTl<'nT 21
1 '1 A P,¡"",r on FC>Q<l s..clJrlly 22
/l. Definitlon of Pero·s Food Serurity Problems 29
2 1 Food A"d'¡~hiliN
2 2 Food Am,,,;
2.3 Food l'l;U",t!on ",><l M~lnuITitiOJ1 .
11/, Pol,,,,t;ol i\I0.'lnilude und Choracleristics of
Poverty in the Fulure ... "-'ó7
3.1 ()ver~U DemDgf"-phlC T,.."d, 67
3.2 G'0gr~ph¡..: [)1I,,"'''i,)I);,,1 p",,'<,ny... 73
3.3 rrnpll<:~lIoll'o; Pool ~nd CU'Wlll R~t€;
01lIrb.,r,¡zation fUI p""c't1).- aud Exl,...",,, Pcwerll.' 75
",
IV. Con..s..r...l"u ro A"nd:¡"9 P"''''r'~' ....d loo.'
'n.~ "rll~' 7'1
,,'*'-
.) 1 l.CUUOrlOK \1CO""'T.,"". fIO
'1;1 s....:1dl 1'0/01,,""'. "'M1 I"..",.""....l ~,...,...'I ¡¡'l
eon.n-_
4 ;1 l'tu<!u:l...... SO'l1or "3
4 3 I l'i<Jl."'jFlruhurall'Tuduct- ~ IUf <lJ
'1 J 2 ~"'''r''¡ Ptorlo...-.IW ';',',-1,. 9Q
"''''''''"11
'1 ·1 Sonul ~I..... C",..u->r<
Powr", ••,.j foW~ lIt>
v. "Sniro"d',,,,;, Ap"m<>.-hn J_ AII.do"" PoL....rf~· und
In......uj'~· H 'j
', 1 o.t.WIl h ...'!t ..."¡llió_ 141.
~2 V.""',ot~l"lOlo 14'l
5 j PT".."..... " ""'1."1 1 1...... A"...-Io. .........", 152
K«oo,.,...,.Io.'<J
5 1 I~ ,,1 PnqamIlAlk""
k>An k ""'-'v..d FuoJ 1m«>. It>b
175
li,¡,l of FlgIITes
o.r OJ.V'9"" LPI ["'.>'."llk' f;,<..M'lIo, I'tM·rty.0 ..10.1
Mon.,lil\- ""j M.,lnutnti"" 111 P"'" ISo..,.,,,,ryJ
u COll':«p',,,,1M,-~""" rOl AlI<'l(kll19 f'overty. .. 1$
r.z
IliLlSlI<>'M> FooJ S<xLmlV CC"",,,plo.uI r,,,,,,,,,,,,,r'k 27
'].1 T..,,-.d, inf-'t., Capila I""on" (1'l(,4.1<)<J81 ' 2<J
2,2 T"·,,,¡"111e".'I>pJ¡e. al CalUfies
1"-1 P,,,,,,,-,,, r~" OdY(1% 1 1999l ... 31
2,3 e'JI" 1"J,HH, vi tl", f\,n".....,Dielll997·1998) ..J I
VI 1re"j"'" Food['Too",'I"" 119612úOO). 32
2.'> Tlmd,in GMlIlf'rtm 1lorl(I9612OOO) 33
2.1> Tl1>nd,'nl'ood iLnpúnsiVld Expof'-'(l961 1'}99) 34
2 7 Tt·t'I_l>+11(;1''';11 Import, (1%1 19991.. . 34
2 k TreOOsInGrail' f'r<xhx1i<>oaJ.-J ImpúltS(1961 1999) 35
2,9 Ch"'!l""i"Gr.un lmporl ~"'Y... 36
2.11l Tll,"," in G<it", Imports - TüLl5arr:l
1.loro1l(...(I')7(~I?,J9) ... _.._..... 36
2 11 f'<M>ny 111 1'"", rn2úOO 38
2 12 OI<l'~l">i"f'.......-t~·Do.nIl!JlII<' I990s............. 39
bJ""".·
2 13 O..uIQl'"~\ P<M'rtV [)o,m¡g111<' 199(1<;. ..411
2 14 o."nl.~w., oftl Ex1",,"""Poorin2úOO .. 41
2 15 O" nb..I~".oItl On""Poorln2000 ." , ,41
2 11> blCider>oo 01 r."''11y1n 2000bylJ"""" Roral Loc,,\ion.42
2.17 hri:lcnce01 f'lJYl'l1Y.' 2t1OOby GeogTitptucR<>g¡on .,.,42
2 11'1 En",I"'~i\nol l'cwrtyI,,2000 ,45
2 1<) P.....ml...jt·01Pop"""I01'wl1t1lJm.~li'illed Basic f..;eed~ '18
2.20 1>1>1nhulionuf P"pnl..lklnwilh Um.itl~..riW fj.¡...,
nu,..,
N-l. byl ~n l.Dril1k'" In2000 , .,q'J
2 21 P.-.rC'1d"'-'"ul l'''I'"I,'[lo\l "'11h lI\1!!«n~lie<I
B.,,,,,
Nl·,,,,io;e1'1'17 .vxl 20001., , ,. 49
222 o.'>Iljho.~"'"01 P01. ....uco "",¡ti U"".h'>!led
B.o«Nl....¡.,by R''<Iklfl l" :!(M)O 50
2Z3 11...1..........",1(" ti M.~I.~ri¡k~1 i\m"l1!l
rlW
ct~Un'n llB1er In 2úI.)(j .. .53
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224 O....~1l'l'o......Tm.'In Ih" Pt,,,....,..... ul (l.tOloir
sa
M.1...~nh""inOUJ,in.., L~d"l F1....
n.·!',...................
2.25 0""""" M.VIMIInII'~'t•.
lIrt.." Ro•..! Lec..u.~) ~12000 "
..a, u
C1W'1!1'-"llwf Tlll'" ,, 11...Pw........1U" 0",....
M.olrufIIl<"lo;u.t.." Rwal Lx.IIOn 55
()II"''''''
227 TI", f'n......... ul M." lrtlU 'N
Rcgo.., l<f'
In 2000 55
22' (),'ItI'b....,'"av.:......~lIllftlho.od
0 .......,••2000 ""
22'> OwIQl'l'{Mol'T.,"'.t11.,Ptw.1IPnc"uIO,"".
M.umoob,I(""""i'iijA* UlalIIOn 57
21 1MoJ~n..PI......1Cl' ulO ......: M.tII.JlIlllo"
n.... ..
Anlo:.n!lOlltm, lhjpr ~ o.~ 1I
e zooo '"
230 ~Il'"ufO>n:Jr* ~.....b,IAp.oal (1..1 59
a..". .,
231 ~.....01 M..III...n1.....,by U."""1OI1
al M<.ollll'l'
4 t y...u.01 l'nnclp.JIfo..JlJlbldl CropO?)() 1'.)'1) ,1»
42 Dur.>iw"...¡üno"U9S0-I<l'JI'Il 122
43 Dhlnhlllon 01SorlIIl So.'Clnr ú l'...ldII...."...oIQ'''' '2'>
44 1".do".sIu."At1."'m..,~ Proi"" 1/'01..... r...'......1.,
1')%,A.Jo'S 15 1':1 HI
·15 fA.:..hur1o\l ,\lllllJullO'IJl 1'roI1J,o, (l.lm\u 11,,,..11MI
1''''11,.~ 15 1'1 112
4b h~"",l~.,,~ ¡\1l4il"'''''fII 1'ro1i~' (Rk"l..'" 1'",.....111,
¡<)')h,......lf'S 15-¡') 142
"'.,
51 o-...>QIllo ., F-OOI"'''II:Gr<M'\h, 1~1WT'l\.',
Mí.orl.llry......1M..lIuntlon Il>,....., '"
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U~I of 'Iables
o I IIIu<.ll"alIW r;J(dlul'.....o/ Pok.VM>d
1'Ix'9'«'" 1\<.110" fWcOlIUl~ld.>llOItS1m Alkilin9
..,
P"wny l'rt>:l..-l"'" ~"""""n,1 rt~
G'I'II.d (....n''''rW <)
02 "'1"''',lrw[.x.",~ol PoIcI,¡<VId l'Togr«m
i\t;IIUl' ~(JI1",,,-.....L'lioI... lorAlld<:k"'!1 P<JYerty.
J'rnduc11"!blW!oll1Y'l'( u,Itumil" c.pilo'll (SlITlITI1I.ty) 12
O:¡ 111."1[,'(,,,, r~,"'ple..01Polle....dIld
I'''~l'~'lJ '"lK'" 1W<:om<,"'-'fIdatIons rOlAlIad<illQ Powrty
Soci;d Sp"nding""d Policyl".'~ .... 14
2 J Cn.,,¡y......1"tlJ('P~....".U"9"S01I'<u ....0.1 r..o.lH'U......
u..
POOl" byUrl.",,,RurAlL:>callou 0""'19 19900 43
2.2 O",,,gc, ,ro t)", N,m,i;JO.'r01POOJ Md Ex!wnw!y
POOl' ~. Urh,,, R"raJ Loca!"..,l)"ml9ltll" 19'J0s 43
2.3 CtWllj<" in11... l'ercpt,("H"SaooNurrb",,;of!he
POO!" ~rld b twlTl<'ly POOf lNif'9 inlhe Sio",.,.
Dining tllt' 199&.._ 41
2.1 I'CM"IW Rj>k!.01 S.'k'I"'! Groo.rpo/F<IClors - MOl""
orLessUl<..+,.'loB.>PlXl' 4b
2.5 [)¡S1'ib!t1'"'' (JI Nl'W Ai:ces> ,,, BdSK 5O'rvicnIn
RuralArfu...by[1I"",.¡ge(l'.l'>4 1?'l7J ..51
26 Pr~ofOtroni<: Mil]m~rilior, An~"'y CI,jot,...,
UnePr Fiw in 21JO().'00 Ch,,,"l'" I~I""""'"
1991j",Id 2000 . 57
27 Pl-....·dIence01 Q"o",c M.'¡",~nh,,"A"'or~ Q"kkm
lJnderf-...... rr, Poor¡",.lNOO'POUf
HOI........tOI<¡,.ln ZOOO.. .". 62
2.8 Do!l"n1JII..,nls01Q'"JlIIC M.d"ulnlj,,,,Ar'K"'9
n,rw
O,,~lren1..<.....11",,, V."""o/ A')'l , ,..."........"...63
3.1 l'''IlUklliOllA9-Groupo.J~POWflI,' w?WI11'N1-1<)')2) 70
3 2 fl'Mlhll,'t.;~"'K>roitI 1J-Wl(1990-)?'JCJ) 73
''''0'
3 3 f'eoplt> l.Mnlj¡"lJrl,..." dld lb.-alAreas .73
34 UIbM4Ild HUI'" P<lplIL>lior>~ Sll\lCtu,.., 11999). 74
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1 I I~~~,' tlItt..." bT~"""~ (Ju.lII1~' in '1.-"1'"uI
M[~,ll""l"on_"'.'ll"" 1 "'.119911 g;,
4 2 Pn""1IW i\l¡n<''''''''¡ f.J<P'"'11'l91J I'..~» 1(11
"3 A~.'."'I\o' AP ,' rot~t r'rognu."....11...,.yr,,,,,
r1<WP.>
hu,,,••~.....1u.~ (IY'J¡':¡ 111}
"1<1 AC""'.......,..,n al 11..N-UIb<m C~........ul 11...
1(.JIl<.... 1.."',.Wh¡~f>likand",-"
""'d," k ,.".... Thougl h..<d A 1"'''11'''''' 111
<1 !> T....~Ir, T Goo.oerrI,....--a ~Iln .
-....ntl"" "..f'r.>grilITl' 130'1
·1" l,,~,"., f.... '.1... ~OJ'JI' flo.oll,<lid
1~, Ho_, l<nllanl1'~ 130
·17 IlNnbu~Jn01 ~~ 5<'001" ú~
to, ......,..<.'hl&(1"''l6I 111
ur""otn-.o..
"Il 1~,d.I",cA1'111* [d1Ult••,
a-
IJ,1.-.uI Lb-dfl<-..a"'lh :"o"m'\o1' (lqq71 IX?
,1q l>NnI.llOIIl al .to.,&.....1u.<JI >r"...-l
A~".· f'rnqra'1>!o (19'J71 133
.t tu I~>l'nbol'''n al M../rnm.....lO~_I
IJI 1,,1......01 r<Xlll l...-lSI 1Iqq71 1301
,11I 1\0, Al~"" ul lh.,&.....,¡kilI ul P....,.1'0...1
PI""•.",,,IIQ'J71 13.'>
l.1'1 tI,·,d,),So..."" Inl.,,'Il.u1'....(1'''1(,) 137
41"1ft.-''1ldISo",'ors...UII''?b) 137
,1 H U ·,~II. ,1111 r;".,(1')')7) 138
<l 15 M., ,>f I.."JlI'...f,...." ,..... l<l:l
., 11, ldl..,ll".,. II' Il... w,lI,"", P,'n,111 1')''11 ,,,.11'''JI.> . 14i1
;, 1 111,....,.111.... b.",~""""11'flo.,,,,,.1
''''.1''''''
I\rllUll1t."'·WlllVtoct.l""" 101'AIIdd<>IIlJ
1'<,"'"\1 1'"....--tJw 11"_'*""""" ll1 I'~ (~ 1óll
52 1II...It••11W r:J<."'If'Io'\o,>1 ",.J Pf,-qr.."
1'...11...11 f{¡ '-"t.,........." 1<.. At'L:kI.a-.g "~rty
.1I"l"o'1l0.."0,.,,............,."".,. ln l......., r-<'l\.1oII 171
fí:J b<.t<,..liQnIPnk, <lid ,.....,,"'''
"'"0'., Rrroir,.......""'""-*..". lc.Arw1<lngPowno,.'
~.-, .1lng""" 173
Abbreviatioes
ADAA Arl\o".,-;I Ik.wj.'l"'''''''~I.l fWlo,>I AoJt'r>;ybu." '''''....
AMIDU> M,illd.,r;¡.AI""l\i t'\'''OCIol'~~·' ".11 R."o<'.."rh .....1 r lllI"O;I
011 P''1W K1I.
'"v.. u
ATG&T A~finJl[[Jralt.'<'I-..oobJII11". ",,>00\,,,Id h1~...
eN
An¡"~1I [M" " lPI"'"11 CO'l","UV'"
CA" Coopo.'r,rtIW 1",1I"'''',lllC<' ~I.¡ I¡PlIo'1 1-.",,,,,.1..,,. 1",
CARITA.'" P.'""",,,,C.'II¡u/k- C1u,:h ,..¡"1.,,0.1 1."\<""1'''.''''"l"'...
"'O
eCl'!' I~ Chaml.....01('"'"N'''''''~,..t I'".~.H.m
l'ENi\~ N-JlI'"",1 fO',,1dl.1 r'ilUnll,~)('<'nl'"
r[Pr5 P""Mrt" C,,"," ~" <;,,><ldI Sl"II...
CEPRI ",,,,,,",,COI"'''''''"'''' kM' I'""",~"_.., ,,1 ,........t,· ¡,...."'JT>t'!l1
i" Irri~"ti'-"I
CIA~ l"l~r M"",,,·",j ('<""><.111."....."'0.01 AII,"~
orn
('lIOler 101Ik..",,,.:11 E.h.>li<U, "01[\'""*'1"" nI
ar'C!\ c."'IP'I<~'("""1>1.",""'lleS<',,,ch."..t f~U1"""'H'
ti,"'....,...,
C1Uf' Il~""''''hC..,".".nf 11... l.Yl'"~ 1~"" lv.."
CCM !..oc,,11(,>¡llthMrrotm<lt.'!M"' COn1"'''''~''
CONi\f'l: ' N~n,»",1 rOI~u.""\1'C'~H":~
Bl.""",,,
CONll0' (-:ot,(" ",,.~,.),, n¡I'"",!<' 1o>'l;'1I1"""
ENACE. N~""""I BulkJu'.1f:r,1~'ln"'·
EN¡\)10 NdU",~,1 ¡k..,,.d,.!kl~J"-"'I'
ENUr.S n.'''M'.""I~" ,".11",,,i/v1j." ,111l ~""v
ENNIV r".,I,oc..,1I¡,,,,,,,,,¡~'¡dl.MnqSI"üu'"M,w. ""11".,,1S,"WII
CAO r,.,j .u.1Ay,lnJtuh' O'll:""'" I~n' "l it"' ll,,,,.'<.I Notl",..
FONAVI ¡';"I;'lIw lh."'''''Il I,,,,<1
s.x
FONCOLJ[S N,"I,~w Wü::,¡,,!~·"",I"", 4',¡1.Ie...,,.'rm',nir'1I><!
U!P Ü''''' .j""",<IIC pn~ko:1
GlU\[)[ o.'''''~'1Jll".,Ii A,"'00'"C"<<LI'
K"N Im"!T\o1tlncWCc"n¡'~I'''''' e., Nlrlf"I""
IllH 1011'" A,"~,,,",, P""""'I'''llll' 1\",)0.
UJ!IC 1",,,,,..,,••,,-.lLJ."""'1'''''''~ R."""hC."1'. ,,1 c,,,...J.o
n.o
1n!~r"" "olli.1 L,",o" Or9"'1""11''''
'NAO[ N.'lioc\.>I o..~'r.''''n1 b'''lIIIJ!c'
'NAN N..llOl"'¡¡¡"nllhand r-<llln'"."' 1""111~"
INCN~lO ''''~'"'t>"'",.1ü~"l",m",,'"'''''' 1,,,1"1\M.,,, AllWlll.,,,,,
'N<J ri".~ldl S1..c",'",s,u.11"I"lJ''',I~~, ¡',"",t"l~
