Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry

161 Pages·2017·4.881 MB·English

by  Taeho Woo

Electrical Engineering
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Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry o
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Developments at the nanoscale are leading to new possibilities and challenges for nuclear
t
applications in areas ranging from medicine to international commerce to atomic power o
production and associated waste treatment. Progress in nanotech is helping the nuclear m
industry slash the cost of energy production. It also continues to improve application
reliability and safety measures, which remain a critical concern, especially since the reactor ic
disasters in Japan.
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Exploring the broad new landscape of nuclear function, Atomic Nanoscale Technology in
n
the Nuclear Industry details the breakthroughs in nanoscale applications and methodologies o
that are revolutionizing power production, biotechnology, and material science. s
c
a
Developments in atomic nanoscale technology have given us the ability to
l
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• Use ion beams to investigate and optimize radiation energy losses at the nanoscopic level T
e
• Assess nanoscopic safety circumstances involved in a reactor failure c
h
• Analyze characteristics of nuclear spacecraft operating in the nanogravity of deep space n
• Evaluate light-collection enhancement for digital X-ray detection o
l
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• Apply brachytherapy using radioisotopes for cancer therapy g
y
• Treat nuclear waste at the nanoscopic level
i
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• Use systems-thinking decision making to analyze the financial progress of nanotech in
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the energy industry h
e
• Assess safety (and safety management methods) for nuclear nanomaterials used in plant
N
operations
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Representing a first step in multi-combinatorial research, this text incorporates advanced
l
studies that use Monte Carlo and solid-state measurement (including radiation detection) e
a
methods. These studies demonstrate the potential to upgrade methods of radiation
r
protection and nuclear reactor operation, which includes safety, waste disposal, etc. The
I
author also addresses how we can use nanotechnology to deal with industrial concerns n
and enhance nuclear medicine techniques. He highlights several nanomaterial systems and d
devices to illustrate developments in this area. u
s
About the Author t
r
Taeho Woo launched the specialized field of atomic multinology (interdisciplinary research y
of nuclear technology), which combines the application of information technology,
biotechnology, and nanotechnology in the nuclear industry.
K13811
ISBN: 978-1-4398-8108-8
90000
9 781439 881088
K13811_COVER_final.indd 1 10/25/11 10:10 AM

Taeho Woo
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20111107
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Contents
Preface........................................................................................................................v
Author.....................................................................................................................vii
Contributors.............................................................................................................ix
1. Introduction......................................................................................................1
Taeho Woo
Section I Atomic Nanoscale Power
2. Nanoscopic Nuclear Waste Treatment Using Ion Beam Injection
in a Drum-Type Container...........................................................................13
Taeho Woo
3. Lattice Squeezed Nuclear Reaction (LSNR) of a Power Cell for
Nanoscopic Investigations Using Ion Beam Injections.........................23
Taeho Woo and Sangwoo Noh
4. Safety Assessment Study in Nanoscopic Circumstances for an
Accidental Cooling Loop Failure (ACLF) in a Lunar Nuclear
Power Reactor (LNPR)..................................................................................33
Taeho Woo and Yunil Kim
5. Analysis for Characteristics of Nuclear Spacecraft in a
Nanogravity Environment for Deep Space Exploration........................51
Taeho Woo and Soonho Lee
Section II Atomic Nanoscale Biotechnology
6. Light Collection Enhancement Analysis for Digital X-Ray
Detector Using Gd O S:Tb and CsI:Tl Phosphors in Nanoscale
2 2
Treatment........................................................................................................67
Taeho Woo and Taewoo Kim
7. Measurement Profiles of Nanoscale Ion Beam for Optimized
Radiation Energy Losses..............................................................................75
Taeho Woo and Hyosung Cho
8. Brachytherapy for Nanoscale Cancer Therapy Using Radioisotopes.....85
Taeho Woo
iii
iv Contents
Section III Atomic Nanoscale Material Management
9. Analysis for Nanotechnology Financial Progression in the
Energy Industry Using Systems Thinking Decision Making.............93
Taeho Woo and Yunil Kim
10. Safeguard Assessment of Nanoscale Nuclear Material in
Nuclear Power Plant Operations Using the Analytic Hierarchy
Process and Production Function.............................................................107
Taeho Woo
11. Investigation of Safeguards Management for Operation
Security of Nanoscale Nuclear Material in Nuclear Power Plants
Using Game Theory....................................................................................127
Taeho Woo
12. Conclusions...................................................................................................147
Preface
New.kinds.of.industrial.challenges.have.been.introduced.in.the.nuclear.indus-
try,.especially.in.nanoscale.methods..The.object.of.this.growth.focuses.on.
conventional.critical.matter.like.nuclear.waste.treatment..Multidisciplinary.
cooperation.has.created.new.possibilities.with.respect.to.economics.as.well.
as.safety.in.the.global.nuclear.market.
This.book.focuses.on.the.wide.range.of.nanoscale.technology.in.the.atomic.
power.industry..Using.the.Monte.Carlo.and.solid-state.measurement.meth-
ods,.advanced.studies.have.been.performed..These.areas.are.very.important.
in.the.nuclear.industry..This.technology.could.expand.reliability.enhance-
ment.in.a.variety.of.applications..Therefore,.this.book.deals.with.nanoscale.
treatment.in.the.nuclear.industry,.where.economic.and.safety.improvements.
could.be.attained.
The.nuclear.power.plant.(NPP).has.had.a.critical.impact.in.the.industry.
as.a.source.of.energy.production..Several.countries.rely.on.atomic.power.
for.generation.of.a.large.portion.of.their.electricity..In.France,.over.80%.of.
electricity.is.produced.using.nuclear.power..However,.the.political.situation.
has.blocked.construction.of.new.NPPs,.especially.in.the.United.Stated.dur-
ing.last.30.years..The.recent.NPP.accident.in.Japan.has.created.a.dark.cloud.
on.research.and.development.(R&D).in.the.atomic.sciences..Therefore,.alter-
native.technologies.are.needed.to.overcome.the.current.unclear.situation..
There.are.several.important.advances.like.medical.physics.in.the.nuclear.
technology.field..This.trend.is.accompanied.by.similar.twenty-first-century.
trends.in.information.technology.(IT),.biotechnology.(BT),.and.nanotechnol-
ogy.(NT)..This.book.focuses.on.NT.as.it.relates.to.atomic.technology.
Some.challenges.in.power.engineering,.biotechnology,.and.materials.are.
covered.in.this.book..Nuclear.waste.treatment.is.reconsidered.as.nanoscopic.
treatment.instead.of.according.to.the.diffusion.concept.of.radioactive.materi-
als,.which.is.the.conventional.method.of.nuclear.waste.management..Cancer.
in.humans.is.treated.with.ion.beams,.where.nanoscale.behavior.is.very.
important.in.order.to.decrease.radiation.damage.to.the.body..The.molecu-
lar.lattice.of.the.designed.structure.could.produce.the.nuclear.reaction.with.
excess.energy..These.two.cases.are.in.the.chapters.entitled.“Lattice.Squeezed.
Nuclear.Reaction.(LSNR).of.a.Power.Cell.for.Nanoscopic.Investigations.
Using.Ion.Beam.Injections”.and.“Measurement.Profiles.of.Nanoscale.Ion.
Beam.for.Optimized.Radiation.Energy.Losses,”.which.are.fundamentally.
different.from.the.classical.atomic.technology.of.the.twentieth.century.
In.the.future,.advanced.possibilities.can.be.imagined.like.nanoscale.opera-
tion.management.in.NPPs.where.the.behavior.of.nuclear.fuel.is.controlled.by.
deterministic.nanoscale.operations,.which.are.different.from.the.conventional.
probability-based.transport.equations.for.neutron.movement..In.addition,.
v
vi Preface
thermohydraulics.by.nanofluids,.which.are.combinations.of.nanoparticles.in.
the.normal.coolant,.such.as.light.water,.are.under.investigation.
This.book.is.just.a.basic.step.in.multicombinational.research..We.should.
see.great.research.output.of.the.atomic.technology.fields.in.the.twenty-first.
century,.which.will.contribute.to.the.welfare.of.humankind.and.build.a.bet-
ter.world.
Taeho Woo
Seoul, Korea
Author
Taeho Woo.has.worked.in.a.number.of.areas.in.nuclear.technology.for.
industrial.applications..His.research.fields.range.from.basic.nuclear.phys-
ics.to.engineering.applications..He.launched.the.field.of.atomic multinology.
(see.“Management.of.Energy.Policy.in.Atomic-Multinology.(AM).Using.the.
System.Dynamics.(SD).Method,” Annals of Nuclear Energy.37.(2010):.707–
714),.which.includes.the.application.of.information.technology.(IT),.bio-
technology.(BT),.and.nanotechnology.(NT).in.the.nuclear.industry..Atomic
Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry.introduces.products.in.atomic.
multinology..This.could.provide.tremendous.synergy.and.profitable.cre-
ations.for.nuclear.power.economics.using.IT,.BT,.and.NT..
Taeho.Woo.received.his.PhD.and.MSE.in.nuclear.engineering.from.Seoul.
National.University,.South.Korea,.and.his.BS.in.nuclear.engineering.from.
Kyung.Hee.University,.South.Korea..He.also.earned.an.MS.in.nuclear.engi-
neering.and.radiological.sciences.from.the.University.of.Michigan.at.Ann.
Arbor..He.has.focused.on.the.most.important.factors.in.the.industry—safety.
and.economics.using.IT,.BT,.and.NT..His.work.is.currently.in.the.initial.stages.
but.could.be.valuable.for.research.and.development.activities.in.the.future.
vii