Atmospheric Diagnostics of Stellar Evolution: Chemical Peculiarity, Mass Loss, and Explosion: Proceedings of the 108th Colloquium of the International Astronomical Union, Held at the University of Tokyo, Japan, 1–4 September 1987

481 Pages·1988·7.203 MB·English

by  Jun Jugaku (auth.), Ken'ichi Nomoto (eds.)

Lecture Notes
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Proceedings of the 108th Colloquium of the
International Astronomical Union, Held at
the University of Tokyo, Japan, 1-4 September 1987
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo
Editor
Ken'ichi Nomoto
Department of Earth Science and Astronomy
University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153, Japan
ISBN 3-540-19478-9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
ISBN 0-38?-19478-9 Springer-Verlag NewYork Berlin Heidelberg
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988
Printed in Germany
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2158/3140-543210
PREFACE
IAU Colloquium No. 108, Atmospheric Diagnostics of Steflar Evolution: Chemical Pecu-
liarity, Mass Loss, and Explosion, was attended by 63 participants from Japan and 65 participants
from 20 other countries. In all, 34 invited talks, 32 contributed talks, and 49 poster papers were
presented, and the meeting was widely regarded as a great success.
This colloquium was organized with the following original intention: Recent detailed obser-
vations and extensive theoretical modeling, both of the stellar atmosphere and the stellar interior,
have opened up new possibilities of establishing evolutionary models of the chemical and dynami-
cal behavior of stars that are unified from the central core to the outermost layers. In particular,
there is a common interest in the atmospheric phenomena of chemical peculiarities, mass loss, and
explosion, all of which are strongly related to the hydrodynamical evolution of the stellar interior.
Instead of analyzing these phenomena separately for specific stellar types or masses, we intended
to gain a sequential view of the different evolutionary paths of stars of various masses by bringing
researchers of different specialities together.
On 23 February 1987, a supernova was observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This
supernova (SN 1987A) has revealed many new exciting features and provided us with a unique and
excellent opportunity to chart the evolution and explosion of massive stars. Our colloquium greatly
benefitted from this timely occurrence, and became the first IAU meeting to discuss intensively
SN 1987A. In the session on explosion, historic underground neutrino observations, ground-based
optical observations, and satellite observations of SN 1987A were collected and compared with
theoretical models. Among the highlights was the exciting announcement of the detection of
x-rays from the supernova, which was much earlier than the theoretical prediction.
The progenitor of SN 1987A was, surprisingly, a B3 supergiant. The mass loss and the
change in the surface abundances during the progenitor's evolution were directly related to the
discussion of the two other major topics of the colloquium, chemical peculiarity and mass loss. In
these, there were extensive discussions on the interaction between the evolving stellar interior and
the atmosphere for various types of stars that exhibit peculiar surface abundances and a loss of
mass. Abundance anomalies of He, Li, CNO and s-process elements in main-sequence stars, AGB
stars, OB supergiants, Wolf-Rayet stars and interacting binaries were interpreted by the combined
effects of diffusion, meridional circulation, convection, and mass loss. Mass loss mechanisms and
self-consistent atmospheric models with stellar wind were discussed in the light of new observations
over all wave bands for a wide range of stars in the HR diagram.
Every evening, ample time for discussion (and a beer !) was provided, which proved to
be very popular among participants. At the banquet, we celebrated the 80th birthday of Yoshio
Fujita and his pioneering work on carbon stars.
Tokyo Ken'ichi Nomoto
VI
IAU COLLOQUIUM No. 108
ATMOSPHERIC DIAGNOSTICS OF STELLAR EVOLUTION:
Chemical Peculiarity~ Mass Loss~ and Explosion
Scientific Organizing Committee:
R.P. Kudritzki and K. Nomoto (Joint Chairmen)
A.A. Boyarchuk, R. Cayrel, .C Chiosi, A.P. Cowley, .C de Jager, .C de Loore,
B. Gustafsson, I. Iben, Jr., Y. Kondo, D.L. Lambert, A. Maeder, .G Michaud,
A.J. Willis, S.E. Woosley
Local Organizing Committee:
T. Tsuji (Chairman)
H. Ando, Y. Eriguchi, R. Hirata, K. Kodaira, T. Kogure, K. Nariai,
K. Nomoto~ T. Onaka, Y. Osald, H. Shibahashi, K. Suda, .D Sugimoto,
T. Watanabe, Y. Yamashita
Meeting Place: Sanjo Conference Hall, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113
Supported by: IA U Commissions 35 and 36
IA U Commissions 27 and 29 (co-sponsors)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Tokyo Astronomical Observatory
Tokyo Geographical Society
Astronomical Society of Japan
Donated by: The Commemrative Association for the Japan World Exposition
Inoue Foundation of Science
The Kajima Foundation
The Mitsubishi Foundation
Yoshida Foundation for Science and Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I. CHEMICAL PECULIARITIES AS PROBE OF STELLAR EVOLUTION
I-1. MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS
Main Sequence Abundances: Observational Aspects
J. Jugaku (f)* 2
Main Sequence Abundances~ Mass Loss and Meridional Circulation
G. Michaud (I) 3
Observed Lithium Abundances as a Test of Stellar Internal Structure
S. Vauclair 31
On the Distribution of the Lithium Abundance in Normal Late-type Giants
L. Hh'nni 51
1-2. COOL EVOLVED STARS
Abundances in Cool Evolved Stars
C.A. Pilachowski (I) 71
Chemical Peculiarities, Mass Loss~ and Final Evolution of AGB Stars
in the Magellanic Clouds
P.R. Wood (I) 13
Nucleosynthesis and Mixing in Low- and Intermediate-Mass AGB Stars
D. Hollowell and L Iben, Jr. (I) 38
Abundances in J-type Carbon Stars
K. Utsumi 44
The Abundance of Oxygen in M92 Giants
C.A. Pilachowski 46
A Search for Galactic Carbon Stars
H. Maehara 48
Surface Distribution of M Stars with Different IRAS Color
If/. Ishida and M. Olhman 50
SiO Isotope Emissions from Late-Type Stars
N. Ukila and N. Kaifu 15
* (I) : Invited Talk
IIV
Detection of Water Maser Emission from a Carbon Star V778 Cygni
Y. Nakada, H. Izumiura, T. Onaka, .O Hashimolo, N. Ukila, S. Deguchi, and T. Tanabd 35
Chemical and Expansion Properties of Compact Planetary Nebulae
in the Galactic Anti-Center Region
S. Tamura 55
Helium Flashes Through the NCO Reaction
K. Arai, K. Kaminisi, M. Hashimoto, and K. Nomoto 75
I-3. HOT EVOLVED STARS
Abundances in Hot Evolved Stars
D. Husfeld (I) 95
Evolutionary Helium and CNO Anomalies in the Atmospheres and
Winds of Massive Hot Stars
N.R. Walboru (I) 07
The Point on the Theoretical Changes of Surface Chemistry
During Massive Star Evolution
A. Maeder (I) 97
White Dwarf Seismology: Inverse Problem of g-Mode Oscillations
H. Shibahashi, T. Sekii, and S.Kawaler 68
The White Dwarf Luminosity Function and the Phase Diagram of
the Carbon-Oxygen Dense Plasma
E. Garcia-Berro, M. Heruanz, R. Mochkovitch, and J. sern 88
Wolf-Rayet Stars as a Diagnostic of Internal Mixing Processes
in Massive Mass Losing Stars
N. Langer 09
A Systematic Study of Stellar Models for C/O-Rich Wolf-Rayet Stars
N. Langer and M. Kiriakidis 29
Overabundance of Sodium in the Atmospheres of Massive Supergiants as
a Possible Manifestation of NeNa Cycle
A.A. Boyarchuk, P.A. Denisenkov, L ,?nebuH V.V. Ivanov, L Kubdt,
L.S. Lyubimkov, and N.A. Sakhibullin 49
Excitation of Non-Radial Oscillations by Overstable Convection
in Differentially Rotating Massive Main Sequence Stars
.U Lee 79
Dredge-up by Sound Wave Emission from a Convective Core
M. Kondo 99
IIIV
Part II. MASS-LOSING STARS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF EVOLUTION
II-1. HOT STARS
Stellar Mass Loss and Atmospheric Instability
C.de Jager and H. Nieuwenhuijzen (I) 201
Winds of Hot Stars as a Diagnostic Tool of Stellar Evolution
R.P. Kudritzki, A. Pauldrach, and J. Puls (I) 411
Atmospheric Phenomena in Eta Carinae and the Hubble-Sandage Variables
R. Viotti, L. Rossi, A. Allamore, C. Rossi, G.B. Barat~a, and A. Cassatella 721
Model of Dusty Envelope of Eta Carinae
A.B. Men'shchikov, B.M. Shustov, and A.V. Tutukov 921
Turbulence-Driven Atmospheric Instability and Large-Scale Motions
in Super- and Hypergiants
B. Boer, J. Carpay, A. De Koter, .C De Jager, H. Nieuwenhuijzen, A.Piters,
and F.Spaan 131
Quantitative Spectroscopy of Wolf-Rayet Stars
W. Sehmutz (I) 331
Analysis of 30 Wolf-Rayet Stars
W. Sehmulz, W.-R. Hamann, and Y. Wessolowski 141
NLTE Analysis of the Wolf-Rayet Star HD193077 (WN5Tabs)
W. Schmulz, W.-R. Hamann, and Y. Wessolowski 341
Spectral Analysis of the Wolf-Rayet Star HD50896
W.-R. Hamann, W. Schmutz, and .U Wessolowski 541
Atmospheric Diagnostics of Wolf-Rayet Stars
.C Doom 148
New Observational Results of Of/WN - Transition Types
B. Wolf 051
The Galactic Distribution and Subtype Evolution of Wolf-Rayet Stars
B. Hidayat, A.G. Admiranto, K.R. Supelli, and K.A. naV Der Huchl 251
A New Driving Mechanism of the Episodic Mass-Loss in Be Stars
H. Ando 451
Stellar Wind Equations in a New Steady-State
M. Kato 651
XI
II-2. COOL STARS
Molecular Spectroscopy as Diagnostics of Outer Atmosphere of Cool Luminous Stars:
Quasi-Static Turbulent Molecular Formation Zone and Stellar Mass-Loss
T. Tsuji (I) 851
Dust Driven Winds in Late Supergiants
E. Sedlmayr, .C Dominik, and H-P. Gall (I) 761
Winds from Red Giants
Y.A. Fadeyev (I) 471
Discovery of a Reflection Dust Envelope Around IRC+10216
M. Tamura, T. Hasegawa, N. Ukita, L Gatley, LS. McLean, M.G. Burlou,
J.T. Rayner, and'M.d. McCaughrean 181
Distance Determination of Mass Losing Carbon Stars from CO and HCN
Radio Observations
W. Unno, T. Tsufi, K. Koyama, H. Izumiura, N. Ukita, and N. Kaifu 381
A Sensitive Line Search in Circumstellar Envelopes
Nguyan-Q-Rieu, S. Deguchi, H. Izumiura, N. Kaifu, M. Ohishi~ H. Suzuki, and N. Ukila 581
Photospheres of Mira Variables
M.S. Bessell, J.M. Brett, M. Scholz, Y. Takeda, R. Wehrse , and P.R. Wood 781
The V-stokes Parameter as a Manifestation of Envelope Activity
/
for Cool, Bright, Evolved Stars
B.D. Itolensfein, R.H.Koch, and R.J. Pfeiffer 981
The Mixing Length Ratio, Eddy Diffusivity and Acoustic Waves
K.L. Chan and S.Sofia 191
Intermittent Transition to Irregular Pulsation with Mass Loss
in Hydrodynamic Models
T. Aikawa 391
A Model Oscillator of Irregular Stellar Variability
M. Takeuti and Y. Tanaka 591
The Structure of a Stationary Atmosphere with a Heat Source or Sink
K. Nariai 791
II-3. INTERACTING BINARIES
Evolution Diagnostics in Interacting Binaries
.d Sahade (I) 991
Atmospheric Evidence of Evolutionary Processes in Interacting Binaries
Y. Kondo (I) 602
W Ursae Majoris Star Models: Observational Constraints
A.P. Linnell 3:12
×
Mass and Energy Transfer in Semi-Detached Binary Systems
W. Uuno, M. Kiguchi, and M. Kilamura 512
Empirical Determination of the Gravity-Darkening Exponent for the Secondary
Components Filling the Roche Lobe in Semi-Detached Close Binary Systems
M. Kitamura and Y. Nakamura 712
CaII H and K Emission in the Secondary Component of U Cephei
A. Okazaki, Y. Nakamura, and . Ka~ahira 912
Carbon Abundance in Mass-Exchanging Binaries
H. Cugier and J.P. De Grev¢ 122
Photometric and Polarimetric Observations of the RV Tauri Star AR Puppis
A.V. Raveendran and N. Kameswara Rao 322
Part III. CHEMICAL AND DYNAMICAL sTRUCTURES OF EXPLODING STARS
III-1. NOVAE AND DWARF NOVAE
Classical Novae - Before and After Outburst
M. Livio (I) 622
Spectral Peculiarities in Nova Vulpeculae 1984 N°2
.I Andrillat and L. Houziauz 232
The Chemical Composition of the White Dwarfs in Cataclysmic Variable Systems
Which Produce Novae
W.M. Sparks, S.G. Slarrfield, J.W. Truran, and G.S. Ku~ter 432
Numerical Modelling of the Classical Nova Outburst
G.S. Ku~ter and W.M. Sparks 632
Superoutbursts and Superhumps of SU UMa Stars
.I Osaki and M. Hirose 832
Accretion-Disk-Instability Model for Outbursts of FU Orionis
H. Hauami 042
Nonlinear Oscillation of the Magnetosphere Around Neutron Stars
H. Hanami 242
Mass Ejection During Helium Shell Flashes from a Massive White Dwarf
H. Saio, M. Kato, and L Hachisu 442
×l