Atlas of cardiac surgical techniques

756 Pages·2019·137.411 MB·English

by  Ruel, Marc, Sellke, Frank W.

Atlas of

Cardiac Surgical
Techniques
Second Edition
Frank W. Sellke, MD
Karl Karlson & Gloria Karlson Professor of Surgery
Warren Alpert Medical School
Brown University;
Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Director, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island
Marc Ruel, MD, MPH
Professor
Michael Pitfield Chair
Head, Division of Cardiac Surgery
University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
ATLAS OF CARDIAC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, SECOND EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-46294-5
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ISBN: 978-0-323-46294-5
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Contributors
Arvind K. Agnihotri, MD Munir Boodhwani, MD, MMSc
Steward Center for Advanced Cardiac Surgery Assistant Professor
Division of Cardiac Surgery Director of Thoracic Aortic Program
St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center Division of Cardiac Surgery
Boston, Massachusetts University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Aortic Valve Repair
Gorav Ailawadi, MD
Professor of Surgery Vincent Chan, MD, MPH
Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery
Director, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery University of Ottawa Health Institute;
Surgical Director, Advanced Cardiac Valve Center School of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Preventive
University of Virginia Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia University of Ottawa
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Techniques Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Mitral Valve Replacement
Mani Arsalan, MD
Kerckhoff Heart Center Michael W.A. Chu, MD
Department of Cardiac Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery
Bad Nauheim, Germany Department of Surgery
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Western University
London Health Sciences Centre
Gurjyot Bajwa, MD London, Ontario, Canada
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: Partial Sternotomy Joseph S. Coselli, MD
Approach Professor and Cullen Foundation Endowed Chair
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Craig J. Baker, MD Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery
Division of Cardiac Surgery Baylor College of Medicine;
Department of Surgery Chief of the Section of Adult Cardiac Surgery
Keck School of Medicine The Texas Heart Institute
University of Southern California CHI St. Luke’s Health–Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center
Los Angeles, California Houston, Texas
Ross Procedure Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Joseph E. Bavaria, MD Garrett Coyan, MD, MS
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania UPMC Presbyterian
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic Ventricular Assistance and Support
Aortic and Aortic Arch Aneurysms
François Dagenais, MD
Johannes Bonatti, MD, FETCS
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute
Chief, Heart and Vascular Institute
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Laval University
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Type A Aortic Dissections
iii
iv Contributors
Jolian Dahl, MD Jacqueline H. Fortier, MSc
Cardiothoracic Surgery Resident Division of Cardiac Surgery
University of Virginia University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Charlottesville, Virginia Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Techniques Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Tirone E. David, MD Ravi K. Ghanta, MD
Professor of Surgery Associate Professor of Surgery
University of Toronto; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery
Attending Surgeon Baylor College of Medicine
Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Houston, Texas
Toronto General Hospital Surgery for Left Ventricular Aneurysm and Remodeling
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Aortic Valve-Sparing Operations Vincenzo Giambruno, MD
Division of Cardiac Surgery
Walter F. DeNino, MD Department of Surgery
Maine Medical Center Western University
Portland, Maine London Health Sciences Centre
Aortic Arch Aneurysms London, Ontario, Canada
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Sophie De Roock, MD
Medical Officer A. Marc Gillinov, MD
Quality and Outcomes Heart and Vascular Institute
University of Ottawa Heart Institute Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Cleveland Clinic
Approaches and Techniques for Extracorporeal Membrane Cleveland, Ohio
Oxygenation Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery; Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation
John R. Doty, MD David Glineur, MD
Intermountain Heart Institute Division of Cardiac Surgery
Intermountain Medical Center University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Murray, Utah Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Approaches and
Techniques for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Afshin Ehsan, MD
Associate Professor Andrew B. Goldstone, MD
Department of Surgery Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Warren Alpert Medical School Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Brown University; Stanford University
Director of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Palo Alto, California
Rhode Island Hospital Repairing Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
Providence, Rhode Island
Aortic Valve Replacement Juan B. Grau, MD
Division of Cardiac Surgery
Gebrine El Khoury, MD University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Professor Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Saint-Luc Hospital Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Bruxelles, Belgium
Aortic Valve Repair Dustin Hang, MD
Research Fellow
Elsayed Elmistekway, MD Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
Division of Cardiac Surgery Mayo Clinic
University of Ottawa Heart Institute Rochester, Minnesota
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Surgery for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Tricuspid Valve Operations
Contributors v
Faisal Hasan, MD S. Ram Kumar, MD, PhD
Interventional Cardiologist Division of Cardiac Surgery
Heart and Vascular Institute Department of Surgery
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Keck School of Medicine
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of Southern California
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Los Angeles, California
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Ross Procedure
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio Joseph Lamelas, MD
Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Professor and Associate Chief
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Syed Tarique Hussain, MD Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Associate Staff Baylor College of Medicine
Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery CHI Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center
Cleveland Clinic Texas Heart Institute
Cleveland, Ohio Houston, Texas
Surgery of the Left Heart Valve Infective Endocarditis Minimally Invasive, Mini-Thoracotomy Aortic Valve Replacement
John S. Ikonomidis, MD, PhD Scott A. LeMaire, MD
Professor and Chief Professor and Vice Chair for Research
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery
Chapel Hill, North Carolina Baylor College of Medicine;
Aortic Arch Aneurysms Cardiovascular Surgery Staff
The Texas Heart Institute
Hoda Javadikasgari, MD CHI St. Luke’s Health–Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center
Heart and Vascular Institute Houston, Texas
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio Jessica G.Y. Luc, MS
Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery; Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
University of Alberta
Bob Kiaii, MD Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Division of Cardiac Surgery Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Department of Surgery
Western University Abeel A. Mangi, MD
London Health Sciences Centre Yale University School of Medicine
London, Ontario, Canada Department of Surgery
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Section of Cardiac Surgery
New Haven, Connecticut
Won-Keun Kim, MD Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect Repair
Kerckhoff Heart Center
Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology Thierry G. Mesana, MD, PhD
Bad Nauheim, Germany President and CEO
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Irving L. Kron, MD Mitral Valve Replacement; Tricuspid Valve Operations
Professor and Chair
Department of Surgery Stephanie Mick, MD
University of Virginia Cardiac Surgeon
Charlottesville, Virginia Heart and Vascular Institute
Surgery for Left Ventricular Aneurysm and Remodeling Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Robotic Mitral Valve
Surgery
vi Contributors
Tomislav Mihaljevic, MD Vivek Rao, MD, PhD
Heart and Vascular Institute Chief, Cardiovascular Surgery
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Peter Munk Cardiac Centre
Cleveland Clinic Toronto General Hospital;
Cleveland, Ohio Professor
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: Partial Sternotomy Department of Surgery
Approach; Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hlal Moncef, MD Heart Transplantation
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Sajjad Raza, MD
Laval University Department of Surgery
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Type A Aortic Dissections Cleveland, Ohio
Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques
Zhaozhou Niu, MD
Division of Cardiac Surgery Igo B. Ribeiro, MD, MS(HPEd)
University of Ottawa Heart Institute Resident, Division of Cardiac Surgery
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Mitral Valve Replacement Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Michael J. Paulsen, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgery Resident Maria Lorena Rodriguez, MD
Postdoctoral Research Fellow Assistant Professor
Department of Cardiac Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery
Stanford University University of Ottawa
Palo Alto, California Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Repairing Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting;
Aortic Valve Repair
Gӧsta B. Pettersson, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery Fraser D. Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCS(C)
Vice Chairman Professor of Surgery
Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery
Cleveland Clinic University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Cleveland, Ohio Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Surgery of the Left Heart Valve Infective Endocarditis Cannulation Techniques for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Ourania Preventza, MD, FACS, MBA Marc Ruel, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Surgery Professor
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Michael Pitfield Chair
Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Head, Division of Cardiac Surgery
Baylor College of Medicine; University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Cardiovascular Surgery Staff Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
The Texas Heart Institute Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting;
The Texas Heart Institute Mitral Valve Replacement
CHI St. Luke’s Health–Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center
Houston, Texas Joseph F. Sabik III, MD
Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Department of Surgery
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Dominique Prud’Homme, MD Cleveland, Ohio
Chief of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesia Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques
Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Hartzell V. Schaff, MD
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Mayo Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio Rochester, Minnesota
Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Contributors vii
Christopher Sciortino, MD, PhD Vaughn A. Starnes, MD
Surgical Director of the Advanced Heart Failure Division of Cardiac Surgery
Center Department of Surgery
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Keck School of Medicine
UPMC Heart and Vascular Center University of Southern California
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Los Angeles, California
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ross Procedure
Ventricular Assistance and Support
Ibrahim Sultan, MD
Hiroshi Seki, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery
Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Yamato Seiwa Hospital University of Pittsburgh
Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Surgical Incisions Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic
Aortic and Aortic Arch Aneurysms
Frank W. Sellke, MD
Karl Karlson & Gloria Karlson Professor of Surgery Rakesh M. Suri, MD, DPhil
Warren Alpert Medical School Heart and Vascular Institute
Brown University; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery Cleveland Clinic
Director, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute Cleveland, Ohio
Rhode Island Hospital Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery
Providence, Rhode Island
On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Wilson Y. Szeto, MD
Aortic Valve Replacement Division of Cardiovascular Surgery
Department of Surgery
Richard Jay Shemin, MD University of Pennsylvania
Robert & Kelly Day Professor University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Professor and Chairman Peen Presbyterian Medical Center
Division of Cardiac Surgery Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
University of California, Los Angeles Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic
Los Angeles, California Aortic and Aortic Arch Aneurysms
Bentall Procedure
Sharven Taghavi, MD, MPH, MS
Neel R. Sodha, MD Clinical Fellow
Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Warren Alpert Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Brown University Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect Repair
Providence, Rhode Island
On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patrick Teefy, MD
Division of Cardiology
Edward G. Soltesz, MD Department of Medicine
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Western University
Heart and Vascular Institute London Health Sciences Centre
Cleveland Clinic London, Ontario, Canada
Cleveland, Ohio Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation
Hadi Toeg, MD, MSc, MPH, FRCS(C)
Kumar Sridhar, MD Division of Cardiac Surgery
Division of Cardiology University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Department of Medicine Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Western University Cannulation Techniques for Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Approaches
and Techniques for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
London Health Sciences Centre
London, Ontario, Canada
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
viii Contributors
Dai Une, MD Y. Joseph Woo, MD
Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Norman E. Shumway Professor and Chair of
Yamato Seiwa Hospital Cardiothoracic Surgery
Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Surgical Incisions Stanford University
Palo Alto, California
Gus J. Vlahakes, MD Repairing Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
Division of Cardiac Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital Cameron D. Wright, MD
Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Surgery
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Thomas Walther, MD Boston, Massachusetts
Kerckhoff Heart Center Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Department of Cardiac Surgery
Bad Nauheim, Germany
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Preface
The first edition of Atlas of Cardiac Surgical Techniques was very well received, giving trainees
and veteran surgeons a quick reference on how some established technical masters perform
selected cardiac operations. The Pearls and Pitfalls Section at the end of each chapter gives
clinically important details that may be missed in other textbooks, and allows all cardiac surgeons
to benefit from the years of experience of established experts, many of whom developed the
operations they are describing. Thus, we were especially pleased when we were asked to revise
the first edition. Several new techniques have developed since the publication of the first Atlas,
such as percutaneous mitral valve repair and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Other
methods, such as aortic valve repair, have become a more standard method to treat aortic valve
insufficiency. Chapters on these techniques and others are included in this new edition of the
Atlas. Although many chapters are similar to those found in the previous edition, all were
rewritten. Several chapters were completely rewritten by new authors, not because the authors
of the previous chapters did not do an excellent job, but to give a novel perspective of the surgical
treatment of the cardiovascular conditions. Because some operations, such as pulmonary end-
arterectomy and surgery for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are only performed routinely in
several centers, we decided to include chapters on these operations. Minimally invasive techniques
of coronary artery surgery and aortic and mitral valve surgery are emphasized in the new edition.
As in the previous edition, the treatment of aortic disease is covered extensively. To make room
for new chapters, some old chapters unfortunately had to be deleted. Although the purpose of
the Atlas is not to give an exhaustive description of all cardiac operations, the vast majority of
adult cardiac operations currently performed are described in sufficient detail to allow young
surgeons to learn the techniques and help established surgeons to refine their methods according
to experts in the field.
The editors of this edition of Atlas of Cardiac Surgical Techniques are indebted to their teachers
and surgical colleagues. We hope the second edition will honor the legacy of our teachers and
be as well received as was the first edition.
Frank W. Sellke, MD
Marc Ruel, MD, MPH
ix