Table Of ContentATLANTIC MEETS PACIFIC
CREOLE LANGUAGE LIBRARY (CLL)
A companion series to the
"JOURNAL OF PIDGIN & CREOLE LANGUAGES'
Editor: Pieter Muysken (Amsterdam)
Editorial Advisory Board:
Mervyn Alleyne (Kingston, Jamaica) George Huttar (Dallas)
Norbert Boretzky (Bochum) Salikoko Mufwene (Chicago)
Lawrence Carrington (Trinidad) Peter Mühlhäusler (Adelelaide)
Chris Corne (Auckland) Pieter Seuren (Nijmegen)
Glenn Gilbert (Carbondale, Illinois) Norval Smith (Amsterdam)
John Holm (New York)
Volumes in this series will present descriptive and theoretical studies
designed to add significantly to our insight in Pidgin and Creole languages.
Volume 11
Francis Byrne and John Holm (eds)
A tlantic Meets Pacific
ATLANTIC
MEETS PACIFIC
A GLOBAL VIEW OF
PIDGINIZATION AND CREOLIZATION
(Selected Papers from the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics)
Edited by
FRANCIS BYRNE
Shawnee State University, Ohio
and
JOHN HOLM
City University of New York Graduate Center
JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
1993
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Atlantic meets Pacific : a global view of Pidginization and creolization (selected papers
from the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics) / edited by Francis Byrne and John
Holm.
p. cm. -- (Creole language library, ISSN 0920-9026; v. 11)
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Pidgin languages. 2. Creole dialects. 3. Languages in contact. I. Byrne, Francis. II.
Holm, John A. III. Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. IV. Series.
PM7802.A84 1993
417'.22-dc20 92-37121
ISBN 90 272 5232 7 (Eur.) /1-55619-165-0 (US) (Hb.; alk. paper) CIP
© Copyright 1993 - John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or
any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 75577 · 1070 AN Amsterdam · The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America · 821 Bethlehem Pike · Philadelphia, PA 19118 · USA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ALL BOOKS HAVE HISTORY; this present volume may have more than
most. It is one of the first tangible products of a relatively new learned society -
the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. It owes its life, depth and serious
ness to the members of the Society, and especially to our very various contribu
tors. It owes its existence to the enthusiastic sponsorship of Pieter Muysken, editor
of the Creole Language Library, and of Claire and John Benjamins, its publishers.
As the book's editors, we very gratefully acknowledge the help of all these individ
uals who made the work possible.
At the outset, the papers published here were reviewed by a panel of officers
of the Society, and we thank Glenn Gilbert, Charlene Sato, John Singler, William
Stewart and Donald Winford for that indispensable work. John Singler later be
came co-editor of the Creole Language Library, and in that capacity he carefully
and meticulously read the book and improved it considerably. At John Benjamins,
we had the expert coordination and help of Yola de Lusenet and Cornells Vaes.
Each of us have local obligations which necessitate acknowledgement. Frank
Byrne would like to thank Amy Kitchen, his assistant, for her many loyal hours of
work on the project; Gregory Bond, Pat Carson and Kenneth Powell for advice on
the volume's layout; Julia Coll for her encouragement and support; Marcia Tack-
ett, Paula Prose and Melinda Tackett for their secretarial help, and Jerry Holt for
his support and assistance; Gary Stottlemeyer for patiently sharing his computer
expertise; and Brian Joseph of the Department of Linguistics of The Ohio State
University for his considerable assistance in providing computer hardware and
software which made our task so much simpler. John Holm would like to thank
Michael Pye for his forbearance, as usual.
But as much as any of these individuals, we thank the contributors to this
book for their patience and cooperation during its long gestation and, above all,
for the range and insight of their contributions to the very fertile field of creóle
linguistics.
Francis Byrne John Holm
President Vice President
Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ν
CONTENTS vü
Introduction: Perspectives on the Atlantic and Pacific... and Beyond
Francis Byrne and John Holm 1
SECTION ONE: PHONOLOGY
Latent Intervocalic Liquids in Aluku: Links to the Phonological Past
of a Maroon Creole
Kenneth M. Bilby 25
On Onsets: Explaining Negerhollands Initial Ousters
Robin Sabino 37
SECTION TWO: MORPHOLOGY & SYNTAX
COMPLEMENTIZERS & PREPOSITIONS
A Bantu Model for the Seychéilois pour-dire Complementizer
Charles Gilman 49
Polysemie Functionality of Prepositions in Pidgins and Creoles:
The Case of in Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin
Charles Mann 57
EMPTY CATEGORIES
Is Haitian Creole a Pro-Drop Language?
Michel Frederic DeGraff 71
Null Subject in Mauritian Creole and the Pro-Drop Parameter
AnandSyea 91
PRONOMINALS
The Mauritian Creole lekor Reflexive: Substrate Influence
on the Target-Location Parameter
Guy Carden 105
viii CONTENTS
Cliticization of Pronouns in Berbice Dutch and Eastern
Silvia Kouwenberg 119
Are There Possessive Pronouns in Atlantic Creoles?
Salikoko S. Mujwene 133
Subject Pronouns and Person/Number in Palenquero
Armin Schwegler 145
SERIALIZATION
Are Ndjuká Comparative Markers Verbs?
George Huttar and Evert Koanting 165
Why Serial Verb Constructions? Neither Bioprogram nor Substrate!
Eric Schiller 175
Directional Serial Verb Constructions in Caribbean English Creoles
Donald Winford 183
TENSE, MODALITY, ASPECT
A Few Observations on the Creole Aspectual Marker ta and Some
Implications for Finiteness
Francis Byrne and Alexander Caskey 207
Origin and Development of ta in Afro-Hispanic Creoles
John M. Lipski 217
Creole Aspect and Morphological Typology
Stephen Matthews 233
Subjunctive Mood in Papiamentu
Philippe Maurer 243
The Decline of Predicate Marking in Tok Pisin
Suzanne Romaine 251
Stem and So-Called Anterior Verb Forms in Haitian Creole
Arthur Spears 261
SECTION THREE: SOCIAL CONCERNS
The Parallel Continuum Model for Suriname: A Preliminary Study
Maureen Healy 279
Haitian Creole as the Official Language in Education and in the Media:
The Effects on Structure, Lexicon and Status
KateHowe 291
Pidgins and Creoles in Education in Australia and the
Southwest Pacific
Jeff Siegel 299
Is Pisin a Threat to Sare?
Kenneth M. Sumbuk 309
CONTENTS ix
SECTION FOUR: PIDGINS & PIDGINIZATION
A Contribution by an Old Creole to the Origins of Pidgin Portuguese
Joseph Clancy Clements 321
The Transitivizer and Pidgin Chronology
J. L.Dillard 333
Tok Pisin I Kamap Pisin Gen? Is Tok Pisin Repidginizing?
John Holm and Christopher Kepiou . 341
Documenting the Papian-Based Pidgins of Insular New Guinea
Jeffrey P. Williams 355
SECTION FIVE: CREOLES & CREOLIZATION
Towards a Gradualist Model of Creolization
Jacques Arenas 371
The Genesis of Portuguese Creole in Africa
Hildo Honorio do Couto 381
The Transmission of Creole Languages
Alexander Hull 391
African vs. Austronesian Substrate Influence on the
Spanish-Based Creoles
Gerardo A. Lorenzino 399
Antillean Creole on St. Barthélémy
Julianne Maher 409
Hesseling and Van Ginneken on Language Contact,
Variation, and Creolization
Peter A. Slomanson 419
SECTION SIX: OTHER CONTACT-INDUCED PHENOMENA
Foreign Workers' German: Is It a Pidgin?
Carol Blackshire-Belay 431
Shaba Swahili and the Processes of Linguistic Contact
André Mwamba Kapanga 441
Learning Pidgin English Through Chinese Characters
DingxuShi 459
