Table Of ContentTH EDITION
ATKINS'
HYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
online
PETER ATKINS • JULIO DE PAULA
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ATKINS'
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
ATKIN8'
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
Eighth Edition
Peter Atkins
Professor of Chemistry,
University of Oxford,
and Fellow ofLincoln College, Oxford
Julio de Paula
Professor and Dean of the College ofArts and Sciences,
Lewis and Clark College,
Portland, Oregon
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD
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©Peter Atkins 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998
and ©Peter Atkins &Iulio dePaula 2002,2006
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First published 2006
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ISBN9780198700722 ISBN0198700725
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
Preface
We have taken the opportunity to refresh both the content and presentation of this
text while-as for all its editions-keeping it flexible to use, accessible to students,
broad in scope, and authoritative. The bulk of textbooks is aperennial concern: we
have sought to tighten the presentation in this edition. However, itshould alwaysbe
borne in mind that much ofthe bulk arises from the numerous pedagogical features
that weinclude (such asWorked examples and the Data section), not necessarily from
density ofinformation.
The most striking change in presentation isthe use ofcolour. We have made every
effort to use colour systematically and pedagogically, not gratuitously, seeing it as a
medium for making the text more attractive but using itto convey concepts and data
more clearly. The text is still divided into three parts, but material has been moved
between chapters and the chapters have been reorganized. We have responded to the
shift in emphasis awayfrom classicalthermodynamics bycombining several chapters
in Part 1(Equilibrium), bearing in mind that some of the material will already have
been covered in earlier courses. We no longer make adistinction between 'concepts'
and 'machinery', and asaresult have provided amore compact presentation ofther-
modynamics with fewer artificial divisions between the approaches. Similarly, equi-
librium electrochemistry nowfindsahome within thechapter onchemical equilibrium,
where space has been made byreducing the discussion ofacids and bases.
In Part 2 (Structure) the principal changes are within the chapters, where wehave
sought to bring into the discussion contemporary techniques of spectroscopy and
approaches to computational chemistry. In recognition ofthe major role that phys-
ical chemistry plays in materials science, we have a short sequence of chapters on
materials, which deal respectively with hard and soft matter. Moreover, we have
introduced concepts ofnanoscience throughout much ofPart 2.
Part 3has lost its chapter on dynamic electrochemistry, but not the material. We
regard this material as highly important in a contemporary context, but as a final
chapter itrarely received the attention itdeserves. To make itmore readily accessible
within the context ofcourses and to acknowledge that the material itcovers isathome
intellectually with other material in the book, the description of electron transfer
reactions is now apart of the sequence on chemical kinetics and the description of
processes at electrodes isnow apart ofthe general discussion ofsolid surfaces.
We have discarded the Boxes ofearlier editions. They have been replaced bymore
fullyintegrated and extensive Impact sections, which show how physical chemistry is
applied to biology, materials, and the environment. Byliberating these topics from
their boxes, we believe they are more likely to be used and read; there are end-of-
chapter problems on most ofthe material in these sections.
In the preface to the seventh edition wewrote that there wasvigorous discussion in
the physical chemistry community about the choice ofa'quantum first' or a'thermo-
dynamics first' approach. That discussion continues. Inresponse wehavepaid particu-
lar attention to making the organization flexible. The strategic aim of this revision
isto make itpossible towork through the text in avariety oforders, and atthe end of
this Preface weonce again include two suggested road maps.
The concern expressed in the seventh edition about the level of mathematical
ability has not evaporated, of course, and we have developed further our strategies
forshowing the absolute centrality ofmathematics tophysical chemistry and to make
it accessible. Thus, we givemore help with the development of equations, motivate
viii PREFACE
them, justify them, and comment on the steps. We have kept in mind the struggling
student, and have tried to provide help atevery turn.
We are, ofcourse, alert to the developments in electronic resources and have made
a special effort in this edition to encourage the use of the resources in our online
resource centre (at www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/orc/pchem8el) where you can also
accessthe eBook. In particular, wethink itimportant to encourage students to usethe
Living graphs and their considerable extension asExplorations in Physical Chemistry.
To do so, wherever we call out aLiving graph (by an icon attached to agraph in the
text), we include an Exploration in the figure legend, suggesting how to explore the
consequences ofchanging parameters.
Overall, wehave taken this opportunity to refresh the text thoroughly, to integrate
applications, to encourage the use ofelectronic resources, and to make the text even
more flexible and up to date.
Oxford P.W.A.
Portland l.de P.
PREFACE ix
Traditional approach
Equilibrium thermodynamics
Chapters 1-7
Chemical kinetics
Chapters 21, 22, and 24
Quantum theory and spectroscopy
Chapters 8-11,13-15
Special topics Statistical thermodynamics
Chapters 12, 18-20,23, and 25 Chapters 16and 17
Molecular approach
Quantumtheoryandspectroscopy
Chapters 8-11, 13-15
Statisticalthermodynamics
Chapters 16and 17
Chemicalkinetics Equilibriumthermodynamics
Chapters 21, 22, and 24 Chapters 1-7
Specialtopics
Chapters 12, 18-20, 23, and 25
