Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek, Vol. 2

399 Pages·2003·15.33 MB·English

by  Maurice Balme

ATHENAZE
An Introduction to Ancient Greek
Second Edition
Book II
Maurice Balme
and
Gilbert Lawall
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2003
Oxford University Press
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ISBN-13 978-0-19-514957-9
ISBN 0-19-514957-2
Printing number: 9 8 7 6 5
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free pi'lper
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION vii
Readings Grammar
17 H EI1ILlAYPOt (IX) 2 1. The Passive Voice: -Grt- 1st
Aorist Passive and -911- 1 s t
Future Passive 4
Healing Sanctuaries:
Asc1epius and Epidaurus B
H BI1ILlA YPOt (~) 10 2. The Passive Voice: -'11-2nd
Aorist Passive and -'11- 2 n d
Future Passive 13
3. Aorist of Deponent Verbs 13
01 TIBP.EAI TAt A8HNAt
LlEYTBPON AIPOYIIN 15
Classical Greek: Miracle Cures 16
New Testament Greek:
John 1.1-2: The Beginning of the Gospel 17
John 1.14: The Incarnation 17
John 1.29: John the Baptist Beholds Jesus 17
18 0 AIKAHI110I (IX) 1 B 1. The Verbs OtBro~lt and t{9rUlt
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (112) 20 20
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (116) 21
Sparta and Corinth 24
o AtKAHIlIOt (~) 26 2. The Verb 'tiGrtllt 29
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (29) 32
H EN T Alt TIAAT AIAlt NI KH 32
Classical Greek: Miracle Cures 34
New Testament Greek: John 1.32, 33, and 49:
Pronouncements about Jesus 35
19 0 NOtTOt (c:x) 36 1. The Genitive Absolute 38
2. The Verb lG'tlUl1: Formation and
Meaning 39
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (41) 41
Mycenae 42
Classical Greek: Theognis 45
o NOITOt (~) 46 3. The Verb tG'tlllll: Forms 49
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (27) 50 4. The Verbs Kc:x9((J't'l1J.Ll and
a<ptGtIXllctl 51
01 EAAHNEI TOYt ITEP.EAI
KATA 8AAATTAN LlEYTEPON
NIKQ.EIN 52
New Testament Greek: John 2.1-8:
The Wedding at Cana 55
1
ii Athenaze: Book II
20 0 NOITOI (y) 56 1. The Verb 8etKVUf.1t 58
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (43) 5B
War Clouds 60
o NOETOI: (8) 62 2. The Verb 111f.1t 64
3. Verbs That Take Supplemen
tary Participles: A<lvf)6:vro,
'tuYXo:vro, cpOavro, and
<pCXtvof.1Ut 67
01 A8HNAIOI TOYl: AAKEAAIMO
NJOYI ANAMIMNHIl:KOYl:IN 68
New Testament Greek: John 2.9-11:
The Wedding at Cana (concluded) 70
Classical Greek: Tyrtaeus 71
New Testament Greek: John 3.1-3:
Nicodemus Visits Jesus 71
21 H EKKAHIIA (0:) 72
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (83) 74 1. The Subjunctive Mood 75
2. Forms of the Subjunctive 75
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (44) 77 3. Uses of the Subjunctive Mood
78
The Athenian Democracy BO
H EKKAHIIA (~) 82
4. The Subjunctive of -Ill. Verbs
85
01 AYTOyprOI ANltTANTAI 88
Classical Greek: Solon 89
New Testament Greek: John 3.4-7:
Nicodemus Visits Jesus (concluded) 89
22 H ANAl:TAl:II (0:) 90 1. Clauses of Fearing 92
2. Indefinite or General Clauses
93
Athenian Democracy in Action 97
New Testament Greek: John 5.1-9:
The Healing at the Pool Called
Bethzatha 99
H ANAl:TAIII (~) 100 3. Indirect Statements and
Questions 102
H NOIOI 104
Classical Greek: Solon 105
23 H El:BOAH (u) 106 1. Indirect Statements with
Infinitives lOB
2. Indirect Statements with
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (B) 111 Participles 111
The Peloponnesian War:
First Phase (431-421 B.C.) 112
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (119) 113
Contents iii
H EEBOAH (~) 114 3. Indirect Statements with o'tt/ro~,
Infinitive, or Participle? 116
4. The Verb q>llllt 117
5. The Articular Infinitive 118
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (73 and
135) 118 6. Relative Pronouns and Their
Antecedents: Some Special
Cases 119
7. Prepositional Prefixes and
Euphony 120
o nEPIKAHE 120
Classical Greek: Solon 122
New Testament Greek: John 6.47-51:
Jesus the Bread of Life 122
24 EN LH~AEKAAQN (ex) 124 1. Comparison of Adjectives 126
2. Irregular Comparison of
Adjectives 127
3. 01tffi~ + Future Indicative in
Object Clauses after Verbs
Expressing Care or Effort 128
Greek Education 129
EN ~IAAEKAAQN (P) 132 4. More Irregular Comparative
and Superlative Adjectives
134
5. Declension of Comparative
Adjectives 135
o HPOAOTOL THN IETOPIAN
AnOAEIKNYEIN 136
Classical Greek: Hesiod 138
New Testament Greek:
John 8.12: Jesus the Light of the World 139
John 8.31-32: The Truth Will Make You Free 139
John 9.1-7: Jesus Heals a Man Born Blind 139
25 0 KPOIEOL TON LOAQNA
3ENIZEI (ex) 140 1. The Optative Mood Used to
Express Wishes 142
2. The Potential Optative 143
3. The Optative Mood in Subordi
nate Clauses 143
4. The Forms of the Optative 145
Herodotus 148
o KPOIE01: TON 1:0AnNA
EENIZEI <P) 150 5. The Optative of -Ilt Verbs 153
6. The Optative Mood in Indirect
Statements and Indirect
Questions 155
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (128) 156
iv Athenaze: Book II
o :EOAON TON KPOI!:ON OPflZEI 157
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (93) 158
New Testament Greek: John 10.2-4, 9, and 11-16:
The Parable of the Sheepfold 159
26 0 KPOIIOr TON nAlaA
AnOAA YLIN (0:) 160 1. Conditional Sentences 162
Shame and Guilt 166
o KPO[!:OI TON nAlaA
AnOAA yrIN (Il) 168 2. Adverbial Accusatives and the
Accusative of Respect 171
3. The Accusative Absolute 172
4. The Verbal Adjective in .1:£O~
173
o AAPHrTor EAYTON I:(I)AZEI 174
Classical Greek: Hesiod (concluded from Chapter 24) 176
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (40) 176
New Testament Greek: John 11.1, 3-5, 17,19-27, and 38-44:
The Death and Resurrection of Lazarus 177
27 0 KPOIrOr Enl TON KYPON
I:TPATEYETAI (0:) 179
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (110) 182 1. The Perfect Tense: Middle!
Passive Participles 183
2. Perfective Aspect 184
3. The Perfect Tense: Middle!
Passive: Indicative, Sub
junctive' Optative, Imper
ative, and Infinitive 185
4. The Perfect Tense: Middle!
Passive Forms 186
5. The Pluperfect Tense: Indica
tive Only 187
6. The Pluperfect Tense: Middle!
Passive Forms 187
7. The Dative of Agent with Per
fect and Pluperfect Passives
188
Signs, Dreams, and Oracles 190
New Testament Greek: John 20.11-18:
Jesus, Risen from the Dead, Appears
to Mary Magdalene 193
o KPOII:Or EnI TON KYPON
!:TPATEYETAI (Il) 194 8. Perfect Reduplication and
Augment 196
9. Perfect and Pluperfect Middle!
Passive of Verbs with Stems
Ending in Consonants 197
Contents v
H AABLiA I:11IZEI TO rIAI.I1ION 200
Classical Greek: Xenophanes of Kolophon 202
Homeric Greek: Homer, Iliad 1.1-7 203
28 0 AnOAA11N TON KPOILON
I:11IZEI (n) 204 1. The Perfect Active 206
2. The -lea: 1st Perfect Active:
Forms 207
3. The Perfect Tense: Stems 208
4. Aspect 209
5. The Pluperfect Tense: Indica
tive Only 209
6. The -1Cf\ 1st Pluperfect Active:
Forms 210
7. The -a, 2nd Perfect Active and
the -11 2nd Pluperfect Active
210
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (104) 211
Rationalism and Mysticism 212
Homeric Greek: Homer, Odyssey 1.1-10 215
o AI10AAnN TON KPOILON
L11IZEI (~) 216
Greek Wisdom: Heraclitus (102) 218
8. Verbs Found Most Co~only
in the Perfect and Pluperfect
Tenses 219
9. The Verb otSa 219
o KPOII:OL nrNQ.EKEI THN EAYTOY
AMAPTIAN 221
AAAOE AOrOL ITEPI TOY KPOILOY 224
29 MErA TO TH.E 0AAALIHI KPATOL (n) 229
Thucydides 232
Greek Wisdom: Socrates 233
MErA TO THI: 0AAAI:IHI KPATOL (~) 234
MErA TO THL 0AAAI:IH.E KPATOI (y) 236
MErA TO THL E>AAALI:HI: KPATOI: (B) 238
The Downfall of Athens 241
Greek Wisdom: Socrates 242
Greek Wisdom: Socrates 243
MErA TO THI E>AAAIIH.E KPATOI (E) 244
Greek Wisdom: Socrates 246
1. Complex Sentences in Indirect
Statement: Primary Sequence
247
30 AXAPNHL (a) 249
Aristophanes and Old Comedy 249
AXAPNHI: (~) 252
vi Athenaze: Book II
AXAPNHI: (y) 260
AXAPNHI: (8) 264
1. Complex Sentences in Indirect
Statement: Secondary
Sequence 271
VERB CHARTS 274
FORMS 277
INDEX OF LANGUAGE AND GRAMMAR 309
GREEK TO ENGLISH VOCABULARY 318
ENGLISH TO GREEK VOCABULARY 352
GENERAL INDEX 369
LIST OF MAPS 376
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 376
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 377
INTRODUCTION
Part I:
Readings in Book IT
The story line continues from Book I with Dicaeopolis and Philip's ar
rival by boat at Epidaurus and their visit to the sacred precinct of Asclepius.
In the early chapters of Book II the tail readings continue the saga of the Per
sian Wars. The Classical Greek readings continue with a variety of au
thors, including Theognis, Tyrtaeus~ Solon, Resiod, and Xenophanes; the
New Testament readings in Book II are drawn from the Gospel of John.
When Dicaeopolis and Philip return to Athens, the Peloponnesian War
breaks out, and some of the chapter and tail readings are adapted from
Thucydides' account of this war between Sparta and Athens. While in
Athens, Philip attends school, and the teacher him the historian
Herodotus to read, and the stories in the middle part of Book II are taken from
some of the most memorable episodes of Herodotus's history, dealing with the
Athenian Solon's visit to Croesus, King of Lydia, and the latter's ill-fated at
tempt to conquer the empire of Persia, ruled by Cyrus. This section ends with
extracts from a beautiful poem by Bacchylides about Apollo's rescue of Croe
sus. The opening lines of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey are given toward the
end of this section, and the last two chapters contain extracts from Thucy
dides on two crucial naval battles in the Peloponnesian War and extracts
from Aristophanes' Acharnians, in which you will see Dicaeopolis making
own peace with the Spartans. The Greek Wisdom strand continues in
Book II with sayings from the early Greek philosopher Heraclitus and ends
in Chapter 29 with material on Socrates. You may find some links here with
the sayings of the seven wise men of Archaic Greece included in Book I. A
rich variety of reading awaits you in Book II.
Partll:
Greek Verbs
The material here will expand on the Preview of New Verb Forms in
Book I, pages 154-155. It will provide additional information that will help
you find your way around the charts on the following pages and give you a
firm structure within which you can situate the new tenses and moods that
you will study in the second half of this course.
You are not expected to learn all of the forms in the charts on pages x-xiv
and xvi-xvii right away. You should begin by locating the forms that were
formally presented in Book 1. These include all of the forms except those of
the subjunctive and optative on the first four charts (pages x-xiii). In Chapter
16 you learned that middle and passive forms are identical in the present and
imperfect tenses and that they are different in the future and aorist. Thus on
vii