Table Of ContentSE — Seeds/Backman — ASTRO3 ISBN-13: 9781337097505 ©2018 Designer: Lisa Kuhn | Kathy Heming
Binding: Paper Trim: 8.5” x 10.875” CMYK
4
L
TR seeds + backman
P
R ASTRO3
E
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S
A
introductory astronomy
S
T
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3
astro3
cHaPter
1
Here and now
cHaPter
2
user’s guide to the sky:
Patterns and cycles
Reading YOUR Way Studying YOUR Way Learning YOUR Way
• explore Full text content • tag & organize notes • read, study, take notes
& Highlights anytime, anywhere —
• interact with Figures
even smart Phones!
& Videos • make your own Flashcards
• review chapter • rate your understanding s
t
summaries & take Quizzes u
d
• track your Progress e
n
t
e
d
it
io
n
NOw wiTh ASTRO ONliNe
www.cengage.com/4lTRPReSS
$75 us suggested retail Price
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
back cover (8.5") Front cover (8.5")
SE (IFC/IBC) — Seeds/Backman — ASTRO3 ISBN-13: 9781337097505 ©2018 Designer: Lisa Kuhn | Kathy Heming
Binding: Paper Trim: 8.5” x 10.875” CMYK
tHe Process
YOUr
FeeD-
4LTR Press uses a Student-Tested,
Faculty-Approved process to meet the
unique needs of each course.
BACK
learn astronomy your Way with ASTRO3!
ASTRO3’s easy-reference, paperback textbook presents course
content through visually-engaging chapters as well as chapter review cards
that consolidate the best review material into a ready-made study tool.
With the textbook or on its own, ASTRO Online allows easy exploration
of ASTRO3 anywhere, anytime — including on your device! YOUr
BOOK
STudeNTS SAy iNSTRucTORS RequiRe
students taking ASTRO3 say they want an those teaching astronomy require a text that
overview of course concepts that are valuable provides a broad overview of astronomy, from the
and relate to the world around them. they desire origins of the discipline to current research in the
information that is timely, accurate, and easy field. in addition to relevant data and examples,
to understand. in ASTRO3 students can find instructors will have access to in-depth quizzing,
in-depth feature boxes, relevant examples, PowerPoint® lectures, and an instructor’s manual
up-to-date data, and much more. that includes additional material.
Our research never ends. Continual feedback from you ensures
that we keep up with your changing needs.
Student ReSouRceS: InStRuctoR ReSouRceS
available at cengage.com/login:
• Visually-engaging chapters
• tear-out chapter review cards • all student resources
• astro online available at cengagebrain.com • assignable chapter readings and assessments
• interactive reading • lms integration
• Practice Quizzes • instructor’s manual
• astronomer Profiles • test bank
• Flashcards
• PowerPoint® slides
• Videos
• tear-out instructor Prep cards
• Pop astronomy Features
• discussion Questions
www.cengage.com/4ltrpress
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
inside Front cover (8.5”) inside back cover (8.5")
THE ASTRO SOLUTION
Print ASTRO3
CHAPTER
1
+
Here and Now
Online CH2APTER
User’s Guide to the Sky:
Patterns and Cycles
ASTRO3 delivers all the key ASTRO Online provides the complete
terms and core concepts for the narrative from the printed text with
Introductory Astronomy course. additional interactive media and the unique
functionality of StudyBits—all available
on nearly any device!
What is a StudyBit™? Created through a deep investigation of students’ challenges and workflows,
the StudyBit™ functionality of ASTRO Online enables students of different generations and learning
styles to study more effectively by allowing them to learn their way. Here’s how they work:
WEAK rate and organIze
studyBIts
ColleCt FAIR Rate your
What’s understanding and
Important use the color-coding
Create STRONG
to quickly organize
StudyBits
your study time
as you highlight UNASSIGNED and personalize
text and images
your flashcards
or take notes!
and quizzes.
CORRECT
traCk/monItor 85% INCORRECT
progress
Use Concept personalIze QuIzzes INCORRECT
Tracker to decide Filter by your StudyBits
how you’ll spend to personalize quizzes or
study time and just take chapter quizzes INCORRECT
study YOUR way! off-the-shelf.
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ASTRO3 © 2018, 2014 Cengage Learning®
Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage
Senior Vice President, General Manager: ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the
Balraj Kalsi copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or
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Design Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960912
Cover Designer: Lisa Kuhn/ Curio Press, LLC Student Edition ISBN: 978-1-337-09751-2
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SEEDS/BACKMAN
ASTRO3 BRIEF CONTENTS
PART 1 EXPLORING THE SKY
1 Here and Now 2
2 User’s Guide to the Sky: Patterns and Cycles 12
3 The Origin of Modern Astronomy 36
4 Light and Telescopes 60
PART 2 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
5 Sun Light and Sun Atoms 80
6 The Terrestrial Planets 108
7 The Outer Solar System 136
8 Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets 160
PART 3 THE STARS
9 The Family of Stars 188
10 Structure and Formation of Stars 212
11 The Deaths of Stars 238
PART 4 THE UNIVERSE OF GALAXIES
12 The Milky Way Galaxy 272
13 Galaxies: Normal and Active 296
14 Modern Cosmology 322
PART 5 LIFE
15 Life on Other Worlds 348
Appendix A: Units and Astronomical Data 368
Appendix B: Observing the Sky 373
Appendix C: Celestial Profiles 376
mages Index 382
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Science Photo Library -
BRIEF CONTENTS iii
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CONTENTS
3-3 Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and
Part 1
Planetary Motion 44
3-4 Galileo Galilei 47
EXPLORING THE SKY
3-5 Isaac Newton, Gravity, and Orbits 52
4
Light and Telescopes 60
4-1 Radiation: Information from Space 61
4-2 Telescopes 64
m
o
ck.c 4-3 Observatories on Earth—Optical and Radio 68
o
erst 4-4 Astronomical Instruments and Techniques 72
utt
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s/ 4-5 Airborne and Space Observatories 74
art
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Part 2
1
Here and Now 2
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1-1 Where Is Here? 2
1-2 When Is Now? 8
2
User’s Guide to the Sky:
Patterns and Cycles 12
m
2-1 The Stars 12 co
ck.
o
2-2 The Sky and Its Motions 16 erst
utt
h
2-3 The Cycle of the Sun 20 S
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2-4 Cycles of the Moon 24 at
N
3 5
The Origin of Modern Sun Light and Sun
Astronomy 36 Atoms 80
3-1 Astronomy Before Copernicus 36 5-1 The Sun: Basic Characteristics 81
3-2 Nicolaus Copernicus 38 5-2 The Origin of Sunlight 82
iv CONTENTS
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5-3 The Sun’s Surface 84
Part 3
5-4 Light, Matter, and Motion 85
5-5 The Sun’s Atmosphere 90 THE STARS
5-6 Solar Activity 96
6
The Terrestrial Planets 108
6-1 A Travel Guide to the Terrestrial Planets 108
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6-2 Earth: The Active Planet 111 ck.
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6-3 The Moon 117 utterst
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6-4 Mercury 120 e/
us
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6-5 Venus 122 nn
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6-6 Mars 125
7 9
The Outer Solar System 136 The Family of Stars 188
7-1 A Travel Guide to the Outer Solar System 136 9-1 Star Distances 189
7-2 Jupiter 138 9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness,
and Luminosity 191
7-3 Saturn 144
9-3 Star Temperatures 192
7-4 Uranus 149
7-5 Neptune 151 9-4 Star Sizes 196
7-6 Pluto: Planet No More 153 9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars 199
9-6 Typical Stars 204
8
Origin of the Solar System and
10
Extrasolar Planets 160
Structure and Formation
8-1 Solar System Overview 160 of Stars 212
8-2 Space Debris: Asteroids, Comets, and Meteorites 162 10-1 Stellar Structure 212
8-3 The Origin of the Solar System 168 10-2 Nuclear Fusion in the Sun and Stars 217
8-4 The Story of Planet Building 174 10-3 Main-Sequence Stars 221
8-5 Planets Around Other Stars 180 10-4 The Birth of Stars 223
CONTENTS v
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11 13-3 The Evolution of Galaxies 305
The Deaths of Stars 238
13-4 Active Galaxies and Quasars 311
11-1 Giant Stars 239
11-2 Deaths of Low-Mass Stars 242 14
Modern Cosmology 322
11-3 The Evolution of Binary Systems 247
14-1 Introduction to the Universe 322
11-4 The Deaths of Massive Stars 249
14-2 The Big Bang 325
11-5 Neutron Stars 254
14-3 Space and Time, Matter and Energy 332
11-6 Black Holes 262
14-4 Twenty-First-Century Cosmology 337
Part 4
Part 5
THE UNIVERSE
LIFE
OF GALAXIES
m
eativemarc/Shutterstock.com Suppakij1017/Shutterstock.co
cr
12
The Milky Way Galaxy 272
15
12-1 Discovery of the Galaxy 272 Life on Other Worlds 348
12-2 Spiral Arms and Star Formation 281 15-1 The Nature of Life 349
12-3 Origin and History of the Galaxy 284 15-2 Life in the Universe 351
12-4 The Nucleus of the Galaxy 292 15-3 Intelligent Life in the Universe 361
13
Galaxies: Normal Appendix A: Units and Astronomical Data 368
and Active 296 Appendix B: Observing the Sky 373
13-1 The Family of Galaxies 296 Appendix C: Celestial Profiles 376
13-2 Measuring the Properties of Galaxies 297 Index 382
vi CONTENTS
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SEEDS + BACKMAN
ASTRO3
INTRODUCTORY ASTRONOMY
NOW WITH ASTRO ONLINE
$75 US SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE
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Visual
Part 1
1 Here and Now
The longest journey begins with a single step.
Laozi
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After finishing this chapter go to PAGE 9 for STUDY TOOLS. AA/
O
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GUIDEPOST provide more specific insights into how scientists study
and understand nature.
As you study astronomy, you learn about yourself. You are
a planet-walker, and this chapter gives you a preview of WHERE IS HERE?
1-1
what that means. The planet you live on whirls around a
star that moves through a Universe filled with stars and
You should begin with something familiar, like the size
galaxies. (See CO 1 for a view of Earth from space.) You
of yourself and your surroundings. Figure 1-1 shows a
owe it to yourself to know where you are located in the
region about 16 meters (52 feet) across occupied by a
Universe and when you are living in its history because
human being, a sidewalk, and a few trees—all objects
those are important steps to knowing what you are.
with sizes you can relate to. Each picture in the following
In this chapter, you will consider three important
sequence shows you a frame with a field of view that is
questions about astronomy:
100 times wider than the preceding picture.
• Where is Earth in the Universe? In Figure 1-2, your field of view has increased in size
• How does human history fit into the history of the
by a factor of 100, and you can now see an area about
Universe?
1.6 kilometers (1 mile) in diameter. The 16-meter area
• Why study astronomy?
of Figure 1-1 is quite small from this view. Now you can
This chapter is a jumping-off point for your explo- see an entire college campus and the surrounding streets
ration of deep space and deep time. The next chapter and houses. This is still the world you know and can relate
continues your journey by looking at the night sky as to the scale of your body.
seen from Earth. As you Figure 1-3 has a span of 160 km (100 mi). Take a
study astronomy, you will look at the picture and notice the red color. This is an
field of view The area visible
see how science gives you infrared photograph, in which healthy green leaves and
in an image. Usually given as the
diameter of the region. a way to know how nature crops show up as red. Your eyes are sensitive to only a
works. Later chapters will narrow range of colors. As you explore the Universe, you
2 PART ONE: Exploring the Sky
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
97505_ch01_hr_002-011.indd 2 12/17/16 11:08 AM
