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The I m p e r i a l T h e m e in the
S i x t e e n t h C e n t u r y
F r a n c e s A. /fYa t es
Stuart B. Schimme!
27 East Lyon Farm
Greenwich, CT 06831
P I M L I C O
7 8
A S T R A E A
1899 1981
Dame Frances Yates ( - ) achieved a
world-wide reputation as an historian. Her
close association with the Warburg Institute of
the Univesrsity of London began shortly after
the Second World War, after the publication of
her first two books. She was Reader in the
1967
History of the Renaissance there until ,
when she became an Honorary Fellow. As well
as gaining many academic honours, she was
1977
awarded the OBE in and was made DBE in
the same year. Her publications include
,
Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition Theatre
,
of the World The Rosicrucian Enlightenment,
Shakespeare’s Last Plays, The Valois Tapestriesand
The Art of Memory (also available in Pimlico).
A S T R A E A
The Imperial Theme in the
Sixteenth Century
There was the righteous Virgin, which of old
Liv’d here on earth, and plenty made abound;
But after Wrong was lov’d and Justice solde,
She left th’unrighteous world and was to heaven extold
FRANCES A. YATES
P I M L I C O
P I M L I C O
20 1 2
Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SW V SA
London Melbourne Sydney Auckland Johannesburg
and agencies throughout the world
1975
First published in Routledge & Kegan Paul
1993
Pimlico edition
1975
© Frances A. Yates
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by
way of trade or otherwise, be lent resold, hired out, or other
wise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any
form of binding or cover other than that in which it is
published and without a similar condition including this
condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Mackays of Chatham plc, Chatham, Kent
0 7126 5727-4
ISBN - -
CON TEN TS
PRBFACB AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
PART I CHARLES V AND THE IDEA OF THE EMPIRE i
PART H THE TUDOR IMPERIAL REFORM
QUEEN ELIZABETH I AS ASTRAEA 29
ELIZABETHAN CHIVALRY: THE ROMANCE OF THE
88
ACCESSION DAY TILTS
THE TRIUMPH OF CHASTITY 112
PART IB THE FRENCH MONARCHY
THE IDEA OF THE FRENCH MONARCHY 121
THE ENTRY OF CHARLES IX AND HIS QUEEN INTO
1571
PARIS, 127
THE MAGNIFICENCES FOR THE MARRIAGE OF THE
1581
DUC DE JOYEUSE, PARIS, 149
1583-4
RELIGIOUS PROCESSIONS IN PARIS, 173
CONCLUSION: ASTRAEA AND THE GALLIC HERCULES 208
CONTENTS
APPENDICES
Allegorical Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I at Hatfield House 215
Boissard’s Costume-Book and Two Portraits 220
Antoine Caron’s Paintings for Triumphal Arches 222
index 225
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
1 Marcus Aurelius, Capitol, Rome
2 Charles V by Titian, Prado, Madrid. © The Prado Museum
3a Device of Charles V. From Magnified pompa fiunerale, Antwerp (PlantinJ,
1559
3b Charles V and his Enemies. Engraving by Martin van Heemskerck.
From Divi Caroli V Victoriae, 1556
4a Initial C. From John Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 1563
4b Emperor Constantine embracing Christian Bishops. From Foxe, Acts
and Monuments, 1570
4c Pope Alexander m and the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. From Foxe,
Acts and Monuments, 1570
4d Emperor Henry IV at Canossa. From Foxe, Acts and Monuments9 1570
5a Henry VIII and the Pope. From Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 1570
5b Henry VO Enthroned. From Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 1570
5c The Monk of Swineshead and King John. From Foxe, Acts and Monu
ments, 1570
5d Henry HI and the Papal Legate. From Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 1570
6a Mark of the Printer, John Daye. From Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 1570
6b Queen Elizabeth I. Engraving by Crispin de Passe, senior
7a Initial C. From John Dee, General and rare memorials, 1577
7b Title page. From John Dee, General and rare memorials, 1577
8a Queen Elizabeth I. Engraving by Crispin de Passe, senior, after Isaac
Olivier
8b Queen Elizabeth I. Engraving by Vertue, after Isaac Olivier
8c Queen Elizabeth I. Engraving by W. Rogers
8d Queen Elizabeth I. Engraving attributed to Remigius Hogenberg
vii
ILLUSTRATIONS
9a Queen Elizabeth I and the Judgment of Paris, Hampton Court.
Royal Collection, St James’s Palace. © Her Majesty the Queen
9b Queen Elizabeth I. Engraving by F. Delaram after N. Hilliard
9c Queen Elizabeth I. From J. Case, Sphaera civitatis, 1588
10a Queen Elizabeth L Dover Town fill
10b Queen Elizabeth I. Tide-page of the Bishops’ Bible, 1569
11a Queen Elizabeth and the Pope as Diana and Callisto. Engraving by
Pieter van der Heyden
11b Queen Elizabeth in Procession. Collection S. Wingfield Digby,
Sherborne Casde
12a Sir Henry Lee. By Antonio Moro, National Portrait Gallery
12b Sir Philip Sidney. Unknown Artist, National Portrait Gallery
12c Armour designed for Sir Henry Lee, Almain Armourer9s Album, Victoria
and Albert Museum
I2d George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland. By Nicholas Hilliard,
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
13 Queen Elizabeth I, National Portrait Gallery
14a Queen Elizabeth I, Windsor Casde. Royal Collection, St James’s
Palace. © Her Majesty the Queen
14b Procession of Knights of the Garter. By Marcus Gheeraerts, senior,
British Museum. Detail
15 Jacopo del Sellaio, The Triumph of Chastity, Museo Bandini, Resole.
Photo Alinari
16a Queen Elizabeth I. The Ermine Portrait. Marquis of Salisbury, Hatfield
House
16b Queen Elizabeth I. The Sieve Portrait, Pinacoteca, Siena. Photo Alinan
17a,b Details from the Sieve Portrait
18a Design for a Triumphal Arch. Narionalmuseum, Stockholm, Cronstedt
Collection
18b Triumphal Arch at Entry of Charles DC. From Simon Bouquet, Recueil,
1572
19a The Francus and Pharamond Arch. From Simon Bouquet, Recueil, 1572
19b The Castor and Pollux Arch at the entry of Charles DC. From Simon
Bouquet, Recueil, 1572
20a The Device of Charles DC. From Ruscelli, Imprese illustri, 1560
20b The Present given to Charles DC. From Bouquet, Recueil, 1572
20c The Gallia. From Bouquet, Recueil, 1572
2od The Juno. From Bouquet, Recueil, 1572
21 Antoine Caron, Augustus and the Sibyl, Louvre. Photo Lauros-Giraudon
22a The Quintain. Drawing by Antoine Caron, Witt Collection, Courtauld
Institute
22b The Quintain with Henri HI in the foreground. Valois Tapestry,
Uffizi, Florence
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