assessment of airborne radioactivity

783 Pages·2011·25 MB·English

ASSESSMENT OF AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY
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ETHIOPIA NETHERLANDS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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YUGOSLAVIA
The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the
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Printed by the IAEA in Austria
December 1967
PROCEEDINGS SERIES
ASSESSMENT
OF AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY
PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON
INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES
FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY
IN NUCLEAR OPERATIONS
HELD BY THE
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
IN VIENNA, 3-7 JULY 1967
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
VIENNA, 1967
ASSESSMENT OF AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY
(Proceedings Series)
ABSTRACT. Proceedings of a Symposium organized by the IAEA and held at its headquarters in Vienna,
3-7 July 1967. The meeting was attended by 140 participants from 24 Member States and three international
organizations.
Contents: General review papers (4 papers); Characteristics and control of airborne radioactive pollutants
(12 papers); Techniques of sampling (7 papers); Techniques of sampling and special topics (8 papers); In-
struments for assay of specific radionuclides (22 papers); Special topics (3 papers); Panel discussion on air
monitoring.
Each paper is in its original language (34 English, 18 French and 4 Russian) and is preceded by an abstract
in English with one in the original language, if this is not English. Discussions are in English.
(766 pp., 16 x 24 cm, paper-bound, 363 figures)
(1967) Price: US Î15.50; £5.9.6
ASSESSMENT OF AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY
IAEA, VIENNA, 1967
STI/PUB/159
FOREWORD
Inhalation is generally considered to be the main route of potential inter-
nal radioactive contamination of personnel in nuclear installations. The
routine measurements of airborne radioactive pollutants play, therefore,
an important part in occupational radiation protection programmes. Until
now, such measurements have largely been limited to identifying and deter-
mining the activity concentrations of airborne radionuclides. The recently
published report of the Task Group on Lung Dynamics set up by Committee II
of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has high-
lighted the importance of certain additional parameters such as particle size,
shape, density, activity distribution and chemical composition. As a result
of this report, several nuclear installations are critically re-appraising
present air-monitoring practices, and changes in the philosophy, scope and
content of these practices are likely to follow.
The Symposium on Instruments and Techniques for the Assessment of
Airborne Radioactivity in Nuclear Operations was convened by the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency and held at its headquarters in Vienna from
3 to 7 July, 1967. It was thought that an international exchange of ideas at
this time among radiation protection specialists would greatly aid the re-
examination of present air-monitoring practices in the light of the ICRP
Task Group report.
Approximately 140 participants from 24 Member States and three inter-
national organizations attended. The fifty-six papers dealt with such subjects
as: the techniques of sampling and particle-size analysis; instruments for
the assay of specific radionuclides; characterization of radioactive aerosols
produced in different nuclear operations; the philosophy, scope and extent
of air monitoring; and uncertainties and sources of error. A panel of ex-
perts reviewed and discussed the symposium and future research and develop-
ment requirements.
The proceedings contain all the papers and discussions, together with
an edited summary of the panel's review and discussions. It is hoped that
this publication will serve as an important addition to the existing literature
on radioactive aerosols sind radiation protection instrumentation.
EDITORIAL NOTE
The papers and discussions incorporated in the proceedings published
by the International Atomic Energy Agency are edited by the Agency's edi-
torial staff to the extent considered necessary for the reader's assistance.
The views expressed and the general style adopted remain, however, the
responsibility of the named authors or participants.
For the sake of speed of publication the present Proceedings have been
printed by composition typing and photo-offset lithography. Within the limi-
tations imposed by this method, every effort has been made to maintain a
high editorial standard; in particular, the units and symbols employed are
to the fullest practicable extent those standardized or recommended by the
competent international scientific bodies.
The affiliations of authors are those given at the time of nomination.
The use In these Proceedings of particular designations of countries or
territories does not imply any judgement by the Agency as to the legal statue
of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of
the delimitation of their boundaries.
The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand-names
does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency.
CONTENTS
GENERAL REVIEW PAPERS (Session I)
Aerosol sampling related to inhalation (SM-95/1) 3
C. N. Da vi es
Discussion 21
New concepts in air monitoring and control of
inhalation dose in nuclear operations (SM-95/21) 23
K. G. Vohra, P. V.N. Nair and A.N. Singh
Discussion 35
Development of air sampling technology by the Atomic Energy
Research Establishment, Harwell (SM-95/27) 37
B.A.J. Lister
Discussion 53
Аппаратура для контроля некоторых радиоактивных изотопов
и групп изотопов в газовых сбросах (SM-95/60) 55
В .Ф .Болотин, В .Д. Камыщенко, В.И.Лапшин, К .П .Марков,
А ,Н. Никитин, O.A. Чуткин
Discussion 74
CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROL OF AIRBORNE
RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS (Sessions II and III)
Control of airborne radioactivity in Swedish
nuclear power plants (SM-95/59) 77
S. O. W. Bergström and L. Ström
Discussion 90
La pollution radioactive auprès des piles
uranium naturel - graphite-gaz (SM-95/18) 91
J. Chassany et J. Pouthier
Airborne radionuclides associated with normal and
anomalous reactor operations (SM-95/47) 105
C. W. Thomas and R. W. Perkins
Discussion 117
Techniques de prélèvement et de contrôle de l'activité rejetée
par la cheminée de la pile EL3 du Centre d* études
nucléaires de Saclay (SM-95/8) 119
L,. Fitoussi et P. Lebouleux
Discussion 135
Characteristics of radioactive pollutant from ground testing
of nuclear propulsion reactors (SM-95/52) 137
R. W. Henderson
Discussion 144
Techniques for continuous monitoring of airborne plutonium
activity and experience of their use in a fuel-element
fabrication plant (SM-95/29) 147
D. C. Fraser, К. E.G. Perry, W.R. Loosemore and W.G. Sparke
Study of airborne radioactivity in the operation of a fuel
reprocessing plant (SM-95/22) 161
P. Kotrappa, A.R. Sundararajan, P.P. Joshi, D. P. Bhanti,
S. K. Dua, V. D. Vashi and G. S. Jauhri
Discussion 174
Granulométrie des aérosols produits lors de différentes
opérations sur des solutions de plutonium (SM-95/14) 177
A. Barthoux et J. Colome
Discussion . . . • 184
Measurement of plutonium aerosol parameters for
application to respiratory tract models (SM-95/48) 185
B. V. Andersen and I. C. Nelson
Discussion 198
Description et résultats ď exploitation sur cinq ans des
dispositifs de contrôle d'atmosphère dans des installations
de métallurgie de l'uranium et de radiométallurgie (SM-95/4) . . 201
E. Bertrand, A. Leleux, Y. Marque et S. Martin
Discussion 209
Determination of f-value in uranium mine air (SM-95/26) 213
N. Fusamura, R. Kurosawa and M. Maruyama
Discussion 225
Dosage du radon et de ses descendants dans une mine d'uranium.
Répartition granulométrique des aérosols radioactifs
(SM-95/3) 229
D. Blanc, J. Fontan, A. Chapuis, F. Billard,
G. Madelaine et J. Pradel
Discussion 237
TECHNIQUES OF SAMPLING (Session IV)
Choix du mode de collection et de mesure pour un
moniteur d'aérosols à filtre (SM-95/19) 241
M. Lafont-Rapnouil
Измерение изотопного состава альфа-активных аэрозолей с
помощью волокнистых фильтров (SM-95/62) 247
К .П. Марков, O.A. Сучуткин
Discussion 264
Réponse dynamique d'un appareil de detection des
aérosols radioactifs (SM-95/34) 265
H. Baron
Innovation in air-monitoring techniques for
large-scale programmes (SM-95/45) . - , 297
M. Sanders
Discussion 308