Table Of ContentSpringer Water
Martina Zelenakova
Jitka Fialová
Abdelazim M. Negm Editors
Assessment and
Protection of
Water Resources
in the Czech
Republic
Springer Water
The book series Springer Water comprises a broad portfolio of multi- and
interdisciplinary scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone
interestedin water-relatedscience.The seriesincludespeer-reviewed monographs,
edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. Its volumes combine all
kinds of water-related research areas, such as: the movement, distribution and
quality of freshwater; water resources; the quality and pollution of water and its
influence on health; the water industry including drinking water, wastewater, and
desalinationservicesandtechnologies;waterhistory;aswellaswatermanagement
and the governmental, political, developmental, and ethical aspects of water.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13419
á
Martina Zelenakova Jitka Fialov
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Abdelazim M. Negm
Editors
Assessment and Protection
of Water Resources
in the Czech Republic
123
Editors
Martina Zelenakova Jitka Fialová
Technical University of Kosice Mendel University in Brno
Kosice, Slovakia Brno, Czech Republic
Abdelazim M.Negm
Faculty of Engineering
Zagazig University
Zagazig,Egypt
ISSN 2364-6934 ISSN 2364-8198 (electronic)
SpringerWater
ISBN978-3-030-18362-2 ISBN978-3-030-18363-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18363-9
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Preface
A wide range of topics strongly connected to the water assessment, protection and
management in the Czech Republic is covered in this book in 18 chapters by 21
researchers, scientist and experts from different institutions, academic organization
andresearchcentresthataremainlyinterestedinwaterresourcesaspectsandrelated
fields. The book is divided into five parts, namely Introducing the Book, Surface
and Ground Water Bodies, Water in the Landscape, Hydro-management of Water
Resources and Conclusions.
Two chapters are presented in Part I, the introduction. The introduction written
bytheeditorswithinputsfromtheauthorsofallchapterstointroducethedifferent
chapters to the audiences, and Chap. 2 titled “Past, Present and Future of the
LaboratoryofWaterManagementResearchinBrno”waspreparedbyJ.Pařílková,
Z. Zachoval from Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Institute of Water Structures, focused on establishment, operation and foreseen
of the Hydraulic Laboratory in Brno as an example where most of the universities
have almost laboratories for water researches.
Part II consisted of six chapters dealing with the “Surface and Ground Water
Bodies”. Chapter 3 titled “Rivers in the Czech Republic” provides the basic
informationaboutriversintheCzechRepublicwhichisasmalllandlockedcountry
located in central Europe between Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. Being
an inland country in Central Europe with rugged relief and located on the main
European divide of three seas. The Czech Republic has no other source of water
than precipitation. Of the 76,000 km of natural watercourses, 28.4% are altered.
Chapter4whichistitled“TheRoleofWaterintheLandscape”paysattentionto
the important aspects that in recent years, the Czech Republic has experienced
extreme weather fluctuations leading to unexpected floods and long periods of
drought.Thecurrentsituationisaresultofthelong-termuseofourlandscapewhich
isnolongerabletoretainandaccumulatewater,mainlyduetotechnicalalterationsof
watercourses,changesinlanduseanddeforestation.Chapter5whichistitled“Small
WaterReservoirs,PondsandWetlands’RestorationattheAbandonedPondAreas”
addresses the small water reservoirs that are one of the basic elements of the agri-
culturallandscapeintheCentralEuropeanspace.Theyareoneofthemostvaluable
v
vi Preface
nature-lovingelementsoftheculturallandscape.IntheCzechRepublic,theyhavea
longhistoricaltradition.Ontheotherhand,Chap.6withthetitle“SmallBodiesof
Water Which Have Disappeared from the Czech Landscape and the Possibility of
Restoring Them” deals with pond management that is a historical and
landscape-forming phenomenon in the Czech lands. The ponds, whose traditional
roleislinkedmainlywiththeeconomicallylucrativefishfarming,did,however,play
awiderrolewithinthehistoricallandscape,wheretheyfulfilledtherequirementsof
society for water, they formed a potential supply of energy to power production
facilities, or they were the part of the fortification of noble estates. The chapter
describesthedevelopmentanddeclineofpondmanagementintheCzechRepublic.
Chapter 7 which is titled “Protection of Water Resources” is oriented to water
protection in the Czech Republic, in accordance with EU requirements, helping to
improvethestateofwaterresources,aquaticecosystems,promotesustainablewater
use and mitigate the adverse effects offloods and droughts.
In Chap. 8 which is titled “Groundwater Flow Problems and Their Modelling”,
theauthorpresentsgroundwaterflowandmethodshowproblemsconnectedwithit
can be solved. It also presents groundwater flow modelling. Groundwater is an
inseparable component of the hydrological cycle and water resource systems.
Part III consisted of four chapters dealing with “Water in the Landscape”.
Chapter 9 is titled “Hydrological Mine Reclamations in the Anthropogenically
Affected Landscape ofNorth Bohemia”.It deals withthesurfaceminingof brown
coal that has long burdened the landscape of the northern part of the Czech
Republic. The chapter presents the case study results obtained by numerical
experiment.Theareaisdisturbedbysurfacequarries,externalspoiltipsandrelated
anthropogenic interventions in the territory and its vegetation. Most of these
interventions resulted in the removal of vegetation and were connected with the
distortion of the natural dynamics of surface water and groundwater.
While Chap. 10 with title “Modelling of the Water Retention Capacity of the
Landscape” provides basic information about the procedure for calculation of
spatial specification surface runoff which is based on a combination of specific
functionsofGeographicInformationSystemandwhichisenabledbyRunoffCurve
Number method. The formulated LOREP model represents an application of a
solutionusingamethodicalapproachfortheidentificationandlocalizationofareas
with low flood storage capability.
Chapter 11 which is titled “Floodplain Forests—Key Forest Ecosystems for
Maintaining and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Alluvial
Landscape” represents the floodplain forests as key forest ecosystems in lowland
regions of the European temperate zone. Ecosystem services offloodplain forests
are essential for maintaining and sustainable management of water resources.
Ontheotherhand,Chap.12istitled“AgrotechnologyasKeyFactorinEffective
Use of Water on Arable Land”. It describes the necessity of water for food pro-
duction. A demand for good-quality food puts pressure on agricultural production.
Agriculture influences the amount of water available, and the quality of water is
tightlyconnectedwiththeintensityoffarmingandtheuseofcropprotectionagents
and fertilizers.
Preface vii
The next five chapters from 13 to 17 come under the heading “Hydro-
management of Water Resources”. Chapter 13 is titled “Management of Drinking
WaterResourcesintheRegionofSouthMoravia,CzechRepublic”.Itpresentsand
discusses the supplies of good-quality water for supply in the region of South
Moravia. However, it is necessary to maintain these sources where appropriate,
restore,monitortheirqualityandquantityandensuretheiradequateprotectionfrom
spoilage.
InChap.14underthetitle“EcosystemServicesandDisservicesofWatercourses
and Water Areas”, the authors discuss ecosystem services and disservices of the
watercoursenetworkintheCzechRepublic.Ecosystemservicesanddisservicesare
not systemised in detail yet. A complex system already developing on the inter-
nationalsceneallowingforpracticalapplicabilityoftheapproachismissinginthe
Czech Republic.
Chapter 15 withthe title “Water Resources Management Planning in the Czech
Republic” deals with the planning in the water sector that performed within the
hydrological basins and is a systematic conceptual activity undertaken by the
government.Itspurposeistodetermineandmutuallyharmonizepublicinterestsof
waterprotectionasacomponentoftheenvironment,toreducetheadverseeffectsof
floods and drought and to ensure sustainable use of water resources.
Chapter 16 is titled “Technical and Economic Evaluation of River Navigation”.
It is devoted to present a possible solution to water freight transport in the Czech
Republic. One part discusses possibilities of evaluation of the economic efficiency
ofwaterwayprojectsbyCBAmethodaswell,whileChap.17with“WaterBalance
and Phase of Hydrocycle Dynamics” is about the climate dynamics in the Czech
Republic that has been increasing during the past 20 years and even before it was
already characterized by high variability. The number of weather extremes
increases; there is a statistically significant increase in air temperature, but not of
precipitation.
Thelastpartconsistedofonechapter.Chapter18istitled“Update,Conclusions,
RecommendationsforAssessmentandProtectionofWaterResourcesintheCzech
Republic”andwrittenbytheeditors.Itclosesthebookbythemainconclusionsand
recommendationsofthevolume,inadditiontoanupdateofsomerelevantfindings
which might be missed by the contributors to the volume.
Special thanks to the authors and the reviewers who made this high-quality
volume a reality as a source of knowledge and latest findings in the field of water
resourcesintheCzechRepublic.Withoutthecontinuouseffortofauthorsinwriting
andrevisingthedifferentversionstosatisfythehigh-qualitystandardsofSpringer,
it would not be possible to produce this volume and make it a fact.
MuchappreciationandgreatthanksarealsoowedtotheeditorsoftheEarthand
Environmental Sciences series at Springer for the constructive comments, advice
andthecriticalreviewswheneversincethesubmissionofthebookproposal.Great
thanks and appreciation are extended to include all members of the Springer team
whohaveworkedlongandhardtoproducethisvolumeandmakeitarealityforthe
researchers, graduate students and scientists around the world.
viii Preface
The book editors would be so pleased to receive comments, suggestions and
feedbacksviatheiremailstoimprovefutureeditions.Theemailsoftheeditorscan
be found inside the book at the footnote of their chapters.
Brno, Czech Republic Jitka Fialová
Zagazig, Egypt Abdelazim M. Negm
Kosice, Slovakia Martina Zelenakova
January 2019
Contents
Part I Introducing the Book
1 Introduction to the “Assessment and Protection of Water
Resources in the Czech Republic”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
J. Fialová, A. M. Negm and M. Zelenakova
2 Past, Present and Future of the Laboratory of Water
Management Research in Brno. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
J. Pařílková and Z. Zachoval
Part II Surface and Ground Water Bodies
3 Rivers in the Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
M. Rulík, L. Opatřilová, P. Jurajda, J. Špaček and V. Grulich
4 The Role of Water in the Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
M. Rulík and S. M. White
5 Small Water Reservoirs, Ponds and Wetlands’ Restoration
at the Abandoned Pond Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
M. Rozkošný, M. Dzuráková, R. Pavelková, V. David, H. Hudcová
and P. Netopil
6 Small Bodies of Water Which Have Disappeared from the
Czech Landscape and the Possibility of Restoring Them . . . . . . . . 127
B. Šarapatka and R. Pavelková
7 Protection of Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
P. Oppeltová and J. Novák
8 Groundwater Flow Problems and Their Modelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
J. Říha
ix
