Aspects of Roman pottery in Canton Ticino

419 Pages·2017·15.13 MB·English

by  Christine Middleton

ASPECTS OF ROMAN POTTERY IN
CANTON TICINO (SWITZERLAND)
Volume I
by
Christiane M. A. De ~ficheli Schulthess
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
NOTIINGHAM
Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
May 2001
Ai miei genitori
Contents
SECTION I : INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 : Introduction 1
1.1. Aims of the Thesis 1
1.2. Structure 3
1.3. Methodology 4
1.4. Definition of Coarse Pottery 6
1.5. History of Research on Roman Coarse Pottery 8
1.6. History of Research on Thin walled Pottery 14
1.7. Acknowledgements 16
Chapter 2: The Geography and Archaeology 18
of Canton Ticino
2.1. Introduction 18
2.2. Geography of Canton Ticino 20
Geomorphology 20
Soils 25
Climate 28
ii
Vegetation 32
Natural Resources 40
Communications 48
2.3. Archaeology of Canton Ticino 54
History of Research 54
Native Background of Canton Ticino (Iron Age) : 60
Golasecca and La Tene
Outline of later Prehistory 71
The Romanization of Canton Ticino 78
Chapter 3 : Cemeteries and Settlements 89
3.1. Introduction and Methodology of Dating 89
3.2. The Sites 95
Ascona 95
Avegno 100
Cavigliano 101
Gambarogno 104
Gordola 106
Locarno 109
Locarno-Muralto 111
Locarno-Solduno 130
Losone 139
iii
Maggia 151
Minusio 152
Moghegno 158
Riazzino 162
Tegna 163
Tenero 164
3.3. Vertical Stratigraphy 173
3.4. Date-range of Coins 175
II :
SECTION THE MATERIAL
Chapter 4 : The Forms 180
4.1. Introduction and Methodology 180
4.2. The Forms 182
4.2.1. Cups 182
Raised foot-ring cups 182
Thin walled cups 191
Cups with globular body 191
Cups with hemispherical body 196
Cups with conical body 208
Carinated cups 211
iv
Cups with cylindrical body 224
Handled cups
226
Cups with globular body
226
4.2.2. Beakers
230
Beakers with globular body 230
Beakers with ovoid body 242
Beakers with conical body 265
Beakers with cylindrical body 269
4.2.3. Balsamaria 279
Balsamaria with ovoid body 279
4.2.4. Dishes 282
Dishes with inturned or out-turned rim 282
Rim rounded in section 282
Rim triangular in section 288
Dishes with straight or slightly inturned wall 292
Rim rounded in section 292
Rim triangular in section 299
Summary
300
4.2.5. Bowls
304
Bowls with globular or hemispherical body
304
Bowls with conical body
315
Bowls with low conical body
315
Bowls with high conical body
337
v
4.2.6. Jars 345
Jars with ovoid body 345
Jars with out-turned rounded rim 345
Jars with out-turned rim triangular or rectangular in section 365
Jars with rim with internal lid seating 377
Jars with horizontal rim 385
Jars with barrel-shaped body 386
Jars with cylindrical body 389
Jars with globular body 390
Handled jars 393
4.2.7. Lids 396
Lids with conical body 397
Lids with straight wall 397
Lids with curved wall 403
4.2.8. Flagons & Jugs 411
Flagons 411
Flagons with biconical body 411
Flagons with biconical to pyriform body 426
Flagons with pyriform body 433
Flagons with pyriform to globular body 444
Flagons with globular body 446
Flagons with globular flattened body 455
Flagons with onion-shaped body 456
Flagons with ovoid body 458
Flagons with barrel-shaped body 458
vi
Flanged Flagons 460
Flagons with biconical body 460
Flagons with globular body 468
Flagons with globular flattened body 473
Flagons with onion-shaped body 476
Flagons with ovoid body 481
Flagons with barrel-shaped body 481
Jugs 482
Jugs with ovoid body 482
Jugs with biconical body 483
4.3. Functions, Latin Names and Graffiti 485
4.3.1. Historical Evidence 485
4.3.2. Epigraphical Evidence 499
Chapter 5 : The Fabrics 503
5.1. Classification and Analysis 503
5.1.1. Dark Fabrics 507
5.1.2. Light Fabrics 510
5.2. Histograms and Chronology 513
vii
Chapter 6 : Decoration 520
6.1. Classification and Analysis 520
6.1.1. Cups 521
6.1.2. Beakers 542
6.1.3. Balsamaria 551
6.1.4. Flagons, Flanged Flagons, Jugs 551
6.1.5. Jars, Two-handled Jars, Bowls 556
6.1.6. Dishes 563
6.1.7. Lids 565
III :
SECTION CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 7 : Chronology 566
7.1. Introduction 566
7.2. Internal Chronology 567
7.2.1. Single Forms 568
7.2.2. Histograms 581
7.2.3. Summary 582
7.3. External Chronology 583
7.4. Summary 596
viii
Chapter 8: Trade, External Relations and 626
Other Influences
8.1. Introduction 626
8.2. Production Areas 627
8.3. Local and Imported Products 637
8.3.1. Local Products 641
8.3.2. Imported Products 650
8.4. Trade and Connexions 655
8.5. Summary of the Origin of Other Selected Classes of Material
for Comparison: Sigillata Ware and Glass 659
8.6. Summary of Local and Imported Products 672
Chapter 9 : Summary and Conclusions 686
9.1. Thin Walled and Coarse Pottery as Grave-goods 686
9.2. Conclusions 702
9.3. Future Work 708