Table Of ContentAsian Pacific Phycology in the 21st Century:
Prospects and Challenges
Developments in Hydrobiology 173
Series editor
K. Martens
Asian Pacific Phycology in the 21st
Century: Prospects and Challenges
Proceedings of The Second Asian Pacific Phycological Forum,
held in Hong Kong, China, 21-25 June 1999
Edited by
Put O. Ang, Jr.
Marine Science Laboratory, Department of Biology,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, volume 512 (2004)
Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.R Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-3748-8 ISBN 978-94-007-0944-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0944-7
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights reserved
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ix-xi
List of reviewers xiii-xv
INVITED PAPERS
The culture of marine ecology
Robert E. DeWreede 1-10
The past, present and future of phycology in China
C. K. Tseng 11-20
Molecularbiotechnologyof marine algae in China
Song Oin, PengJiang, Cheng-Kui Tseng 21-26
Microalgal studiesforthe 21st Century
Norihide Kurano, Shigetoh Miyachi 27-32
Principles for attaining maximal microalgal productivity in photobioreactors: an over
view
Amos Richmond 33-37
Mass production of Spirutina, an edible microalga
Hidenori Shimamatsu 39-44
Current microalgal health food R&Dactivities in China
Shizhong Liang, Xueming Liu, Feng Chen, Zijian Chen 45-48
CONTRIBUTED PAPERS
Ecology
Spatial pattern of intertidal macroalgal assemblagesassociated with tidal levels
Tae Seob Choi, Kwang Young Kim 49-56
A short-term response of macroalgae to potential competitor removal in a mid
intertidal habitat in Korea
BaekJun Kim, HyukJe Lee, Seungshic Yum, Hyun Ah Lee, Yong Ju Bhang, Sang Rul Park,
Hyun Jin Kim, Jeong Ha Kim 57-62
Seasonal occurrence and reproduction of Hypnea charoides (Rhodophyta) in Tung
Ping Chau, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
Corsica S. L. Kong, Put O. Ang, Jr. 63-78
Biomass production oftwo Sargassumspecies at Cape Rachado, Malaysia
Ching-Lee Wong, Siew-Moi Phang 79-88
Cyanobacteria-dominated biofilms: ahigh qualityfood resource for intertidal grazers
Sanjay Nagarkar, GrayA. Williams, G. Subramanian, S. K. Saha 89-95
vi
Early stages of biofilm succession in a lenticfreshwaterenvironment
R. Sekar, V. P. Venugopalan, K. Nandakumar, K. V. K. Nair, V. N. R. Rao 97-108
Laboratory studies on adhesion of microalgaeto hard substrates
R. Sekar, V. P. Venugopalan, K. K. Satpathy, K. V. K. Nair, V. N. R. Rao 109-116
SeaweedFarmingandAquaculture
Growth and production of Thai agarophyte cultured natural pond using the effluent
seawaterfrom shrimp culture
Anong Chirapart, Khanjanapaj Lewmanomont 117-126
Seedling production using enzymatically isolated thallus cells and its application in
Porphyracultivation
Jixun Dai, Zhen Yang, Wanshun Liu, Zhenmin Bao, Baoqin Han, Songdong Shen, LiranZhou 127-131
High monospore-producing mutants obtained by treatment with MNNG in Porphyra
yezoensis Ueda(Bangiales, Rhodophyta)
Xing-Hong Yan, Yuji Fujita, Yusho Aruga 133-140
An improved chromosome preparation from male gametophyte of Laminariajaponica
(Hetero Kontophyta)
Li Ran Zhou, Ji Xun Dai, Song Dong Shen 141-144
Solving thecoastal eutrophication problem by largescaleseaweed cultivation
Xiugeng Fei 145-151
Mass cultureof Undariagametophyteclonesandtheir use in sporeling culture
Chaoyuan Wu, Dapeng Li, Haihang Liu, Guang Peng, Jianxin Liu 153-156
CellBiology, MorphologyandSystematics
Karyology and sex determination in Aglaothamnion oosumiense Itono (Ceramiaceae,
Rhodophyta)
Ok-Kyong Chah, In Kyu Lee, Gwang Hoon Kim 157-164
Cytological damageto the red alga Griffithsiapacificafrom ultravioletradiation
David J. Garbary, Kwang Young Kim, Jennie Hoffman 165-170
The first spindleformation in brown algal zygotes
Taizo Motomura, Chikako Nagasato 171-176
The generic delimitation of Rhodelia (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) with emphasis on
ultrastructure and molecularphylogeny
Akiko Yokoyama, Kazumichi Sato, Yoshiaki Hara 177-183
Four new species of the Genera Eudesme and Sphaerotrichia (Chordariaceal, Hetero
Kontophyta)from theChinese Coast
Lanping Ding, Baoren Lu 185-192
Studies on four new species of the malacocarpic Sargassum (Sargassaceae, Hetero
Kontophyta) in China
Baoren Lu, C. K. Tseng 193-199
VB
Studieson Chinese species of Gelidiellaand Pteroc/adiella(Gelidiales, Rhodophyta)
Bang-Mei Xia, C. K. Tseng, Yong-Oiang Wang 201-207
HarmfulAlgalBloomsandGreen Tide
Some observations on harmful algal bloom (HAS) events along the coast of Guang
dong, southern China in 1998
Yuzao Oi, Jutang Chen, Zhaohui Wang, Ning Xu, Van Wang, Pingping Shen, Songhui Lu, I.
J. Hodgkiss 209-214
TheeffectsofnutrientsandtheirratiosonphytoplanktonabundanceinJunkSay, Hong
Kong
I. J. Hodgkiss, Songhui Lu 215-229
Harmful algal bloom causativecollected from Hong Kong waters
Songhui Lu, I. J. Hodgkiss 231-238
Crossing testamongfloating Ulvathalli forming 'green tide' in Japan
Masanori Hiraoka, MasaoOhno, Shigeo Kawaguchi, Goro Yoshida 239-245
Taxonomicand ecological profileof'greentide' speciesof Ulva(Ulvales, Chlorophyta)
in central Philippines
Danilo B. Largo, JoseSembrano, Masanori Hiraoka, MasaoOhno 247-253
Biochemestry, PharmaceuticalandNutraceuticalApplications
Inorganic ion compositions in brown algae, with special reference to sulfuric acid ion
accumulations
Hideaki Sasaki, Hironao Kataoka, Akio Murakami, Hiroshi Kawai 255-262
Preliminarystudiesonthechemical characterization andantihyperlipidemicactivityof
polysaccharidefrom the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme
Wenjun Mao, Batang Li, Oianqun Gu, Yuchun Fang, Hongtao Xing 263-266
Hepatoprotective effect of seaweeds' methanol extract against carbon tetrachloride-
induced poisoning in rats
Chun-Kwan Wong, Vincent E. C. Ooi, Put O. Ang, Jr. 267-270
Nutritionalevaluation ofproteinconcentratesisolatedfrom twored seaweeds: Hypnea
charoidesand Hypneajaponicain growing rats
K.H. Wong, Peter C. K. Cheung, PutO. Ang, Jr. 271-278
Hydrobiologia 512: ix-xi,2004.
P.O.Ang, fr. (ed.),AsianPacificPhycologyinthe21st Century:ProspectsandChallenges. IX
Introduction
People from the Asian Pacific region are among the Reine from Leiden University ofthe Netherlandsex
first in the world to utilizealgaefor various purposes. plored the extent of utilization of "Useful seaweeds
Some reference to algae could be found in Chinese in Southeast Asia". Professor S. Miyachi from the
classic writings some 2500 years ago. It is perhaps Marine Biotechnological Institute ofJapan projected
not surprising that traditional focus on algae in the his vision on "Microalgal studies in the 21st cen
regionhasbeenontheirpotentialas aresource. Asian tury". Ten mini-symposia were organized, together
Pacific is now the world's largestalgal productionre with Student Competition Sessions, Oral Contrib
gion. From freshwater to marine environments, from uted and Poster Sessions. These mini-symposia in
microalgaetomacroalgae(seaweeds),throughnatural cluded "Algal population dynamics and community
harvest or through farming or polyculture, in indoor structure", "Herbivory and algal defenses", "Algal
tanks or outdoor ponds, algal biomass is being pro biochemical resources: exploitation and future pro
duced by millions oftons annually. In addition to all spects", "Algal nutraceuticals", "Molecular and mor
theotherassociatedindustries,fromfood manufactur phological approaches to systematics and evolution',
ing,chemicalextractiontopharmaceutical,nutraceut "Seaweedmariculture,problemsandprospects","Mi
ical and industrial product development, the entire croalgae and pollution", "Marine macroalgaeand the
algae-relatedindustryiscertainlyoneofthemostvital environment", "Green tide", "Algal cell as an experi
intheregion.Thereiscontinuedandsustainedinterest mentalsystem",and"Algalbiotechnology".Onemain
in the expanded use of algae and the application of and uniquecharacteristicofthese mini-symposiawas
algaeas atoolinbiotechnology. thattheywereallorganizedbyyoungscientistsasthey
Notwithstandingthefocus ontheeconomicpoten are the future ofAsian Pacific phycology in the 21st
tial ofalgae, there is also a greater focus on the role century.
ofalgaein theenvironment,notsimplyastheprimary Twenty-four students participated in the student
producers, but also as structuring forces in the com competition for best oral presentation which was di
munity. There is the question of algae as sources of vided into two main sessions. In the session under
various toxins during algal blooms, as well as thepo Ecology/Cytology/EcologyandEnvironment,thebest
tential ofalgaeas scavengerofexcess nutrients under studentpaperwaspresentedbyMs.CorsicaKongSau
eutrophication. More and more researchers have also Lai of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong
turnedtoalgaeasatoolinexperimentalbiologyandas Kong, with her paper entitled "Seasonal occurrence
amodel to understand biologicalphenomena. All this and reproduction ofHypnea charoides (Rhodophyta)
diversity ininterestsandfocuses couldonly belinked in Ping Chau, N.T., Hong Kong, China". The second
togethersimplybecausetheyareall related toalgae. best paper was presented by Mr David Ginsburg of
It was with this perspective in mind that the the University of Guam, USA, with the paper en
Second Asian Pacific Phycological Forum was held titled "The role of diet-derived algal metabolites in
at the Chinese University in Hong Kong in 1999, theseahareAplysiaparvulaMarch(Opisthobranchia,
with the theme "Asian Pacific Phycology in the 21st Anspidea".InthesecondsessiononMorphology,Sys
Century: Prospects and Challenges". The forum at tematics and Genetics/Applied Phycology, the best
tracted close to 200 people from the Asian Pacific studentpaperwas presentedbyMrWong KaHingof
region and beyondto five days ofstimulating discus the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
sion. Threekeynotespeakers presentedtheirvaluable with his paperentitled "Nutritionalevaluationofpro
insight in three important aspects of algal biology. tein concentrates isolated from red seaweeds Hypnea
Professor R. E. De Wreede from the University of charoidesand Hypneajaponicaingrowingrats". The
British Columbia, Canada, epoused on "The culture secondbestpaperwas presentedby Chen Ying ofthe
of marine ecology". Professor W. Prud'homme van Institute of Genetics, Beijing, China with her paper
x
entitled "Establishmentofhighfrequency gene trans Kong, on the last day after the closing ceremony and
formation system and expression ofDefensin (Np-l) finishedofftheconferencewithadinnerindowntown
gene in unicellulargreen alga (Chiorella ellipsoidea) HongKong.
by electroporation". Professor M. Ohno of Kochi The forum was held under the auspices of the
University, Japan and Prof. Kwang Young Kim of Asian-Pacific Phycological Association, and was
Chonnam National University,Korea, chairedandco sponsoredbytheDepartmentofBiology,TheChinese
chaired the first session respectively and members of UniversityofHong Kong with financial supportfrom
the judging panel included Dr A. Critchley, Prof. R. the New Asia College, The Chinese University of
De Wreede, DrG. Kendrick, Prof. S. Murray and Dr HongKong,aspartofits50th AnniversaryCelebration
C. Towbridge. ProfessorT. Larkum ofthe University andtheJapanSeaweedResearchAssociation(JASRA,
ofSydney,AustraliaandProf.E.CaooftheUniversity President: Y. Aruga). The meeting benefited from the
ofthePhilippines,Philippines,chairedandco-chaired advice provided by Prof. Y. Aruga (Tokyo University
the second session respectively and members of the ofFisheries and president of Asian Pacific Phycolo
judging panel included Prof. Y. Aruga, Ms. C. A. gical Association), Prof. I. 1. Hodgkiss (Universityof
Borden, Prof. Y. Hara, Prof. R. King, Dr Lawrence Hong Kong), Prof. VincentOoi (TheChineseUniver
Liao, and Prof. W. Prudhommevan Reine. Prizes for sity ofHong Kong), Prof. S. S. M. Sun (TheChinese
the beststudentpaperawardscamefrom the localor University of Hong Kong), Prof. C. K. Tseng (The
ganizing committee ofthe meeting and prizes for the ChineseAcademyofSciences),Prof.P. K.Wong(The
secondbeststudentpaperawards werecontributedby ChineseUniversity ofHong Kong), Prof. Y. S. Wong
judgesofthestudentcompetitions. (The City University of Hong Kong), Prof. Norman
Fifty-two posters were presented at the meeting Y. S. Woo (The Chinese University of Hong Kong),
and the best poster awards went to K. Ishida, B. R. and Prof. Madeline Wu (The Hong Kong University
Green and T. Calvalier-Smith of the University of ofScienceandTechnology).
British Columbia, Canada, for their poster entitled Members of the local organizing committee in
"PhylogenyofChlorarachniophytes:Nuclearandnuc cludedProfsP. C. K. Cheung, A. H. Y. Chung, H. M.
leomorph small subunit ribosomal RNA gene trees"; LamandDrL. P. S. Liu.
X. H. Yan, Y. Fujita and Y. Aruga ofNagasaki Uni Many more people made up the secretariat and
versity/Tokyo University ofFisheries, Japan for their helped with the running of the meeting. A heartfelt
posterentitled"Observationsonmonospore-releasing thanktoyouallwhocontributedalottothesuccessof
mutantsobtainedbytreatmentwithNNG inPorphyra themeeting!
yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)"; and K. H. It was only during the conference that a decision
Jeon, Y. K. Lee and G. H. Kim of Kongju National was made to produce a conference proceedings. As
University,Korea,fortheirposterentitled"Expression there were more papers presented than could be ac
patterns of sex-related genes, cyclophilin and heat commodatedin a single volumeofproceedings, only
shock protein 90 in some red algae". The panel of a limited number of papers could be included. After
judges for poster competition was chaired by Prof. careful review, 36 papers are collected in this special
Lee Yuan Kun of the National University of Singa volumeofHydrobioiogia. Theseincludeseveninvited
pore, Singapore and members of the panel included papersand 29contributedpapers. Althoughthere was
Dr L. Airoldi, Prof. I. K. Lee, Dr J. Lewis, Prof. N. a considerable time gap between the meeting and the
Montano, Prof. S. Miyachi, Ms. R. Ruangchuay and final publication ofthis special volume, most papers
Prof. J. West. collected in this volume have been updated where
Itwas notall talksanddiscussions. Therewasalso necessary.
funtimewith"StudentNight"andconferencebanquet Many people helpedin the productionofthis spe
withProf.C.K.TsengoftheChineseAcademyofSci cial volume. All thecontributorsdid theirbestand all
encesasthespecialbanquestspeakerwhotalkedabout the reviewers have been most helpful. Both the or
"Thepast, presentandfuture ofphycologyinChina". ganization of the meeting and the production ofthis
Someofthe conferenceparticipantsjoinedthe tourto volume were greatly assisted by the dedication and
Victoria Peak, a famous tourist destination in Hong untiring technical support provided by my assistants
Xl
andstudents,especiallyL. S. Choi,M. M.Choi,C. C. Itis with most sincere hope that this volume may
Chiu, S. L. Kong, M. W. Lee, T. P. Lin, L. R. Zhou, be useful in providing some general picture of the
L. P. Ding and Prof. Lu Baoren. The latter two of natureofphycologicalresearchthatisgoingon inthe
the InstituteofOceanology (theChineseAcademyof AsianPacificregion,thatthismaystimulatefurtherin
Sciences) also helped extensively in many ways. Dr terestsand providean impetusthatmay leadto future
Karla McDermid ofthe University ofHawaii at Hilo challengesanddirectionsinAsian PacificPhycology.
is thanked for helping with the Latin descriptions in
severalpaperscollectedinthisvolume.DrK.Martens, PUT O. ANG, Jr.
the editor-in-chiefofHydrobiologia, and the staffof Chair, LocalOrganizingCommittee
KluwerAcademicPublishers, especiallyMs. Cynthia SecondAsianPacificPhycologicalForum
de Jonge and Mr Anthony Hammick and Ms. Margit andEditor, ConferenceProceedings
Lazar, have been most helpful in providing editorial
andtechnicaladviceandsupport.
