Asia regional technical guidelines on health management for the responsible movement of live aquatic animals and the Beijing consensus and implementation strategy

63 Pages·2000·1.9 MB·English

by  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Asiaregionaltechnicalguidelines
onhealthmanagementforthe
responsiblemovementofliveaquatic
animalsandtheBeijingconsensus
andimplementationstrategy
Asiaregionaltechnicalguidelines FAO
FISHERIES
onhealthmanagementforthe TECHNICAL
responsiblemovementofliveaquatic PAPER
402
animalsandtheBeijingconsensus
andimplementationstrategy
NEWORKOF
AQUACULTURE
CENTRES
AFnodod
AOgrrgiacnuilztautrieon
otNUfhanetitieodns
Rome,2000
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ISBN92-5-10449B-8
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©FAOandNACA2000
Copyrightedmaterial
PREPARATIONOFTHISDOCUMENT
This document presents the Asia Regional Technical Guidelines on Health
Management for the Responsible Movement ofLive Aquatic Animals and their
associatedimplementationplan,theBeijingConsensusandImplementationStrategy
(BCIS). Together,theyprovidethe21AsiangovernmentsthatparticipatedintheFAO
TechnicalCo-operationProgramme(TCP)Project-“AssistancefortheResponsible
MovementofLiveAquaticAnimals”withdetailedexpertguidancefordeveloping
nationalandregionalstrategiesforreducingthe risksofdiseasedue totrans-
boundarymovementofliveaquaticanimeds.TheTechnicalGuidelinesaretheresultof
anextensiveconsultativeprocess,undertakenbetween 1998-2000,involvinginput
fromgovernment-designatedNationalCo-ordinators (NCs), NACA, FAO, OIE, and
regional and international specialists. The fined Technical Guidelines were
unanimouslyendorsedattheFinalWorkshoponAsiaRegionalHealthManagementfor
theResponsibleTrans-boundaryMovementofLiveAquaticAnimals,heldinBeijing,
PRChina,27-*^30>''June2000.
Distribution
Aquaticanimalhealthpersonnel
MinistriesandDirectoratesofFisheries
MinistriesandDirectoratesofAnimalProductionandVeterinaryServices
FAOFisheryRegionalandSub-RegionalOfficers
FAOFisheriesDepartment
NACA
• CoverpagepicturecourtesyofZhouXiaoWei,NACA,Bangkok,Thailand.
iii Thl.B On*
1AGK-UHN-ZJ4D
FAO/NACA
AsiaRegionalTechnicalGuidelinesonHealthManagementfortheResponsibleMovement
oFfALOivFeisAhqeuraiteiscTAencihnmiaclaslaPanpdert.heNBoe.ij4i0n2g.CoRnosmeen,sFuAsOa.nd20I0m0p.lem5e3pn.tationStrategy.
ABSTRACT
TheAsiaRegionalTechnicalGuidelinesonHealth ManagementfortheResponsible
MovementofLiveAquaticAnimalsandtheirassociatedimplementationplan,theBeijing
ConsensusandImplementationStrategy(BCIS),provideexpertguidancefornationaland
regionaleffortsinreducingtherisksofdiseaseduetotrans-boundarymovementoflive
aquaticanimals.TheTechnicalGuidelineswereinitiatedduetoincreasedrecognitionthat
diseaseemergenceisoftenlinkedtoliveaquaticanimalmovements,andthatthe
associatedeconomiclosses,includingimpactsonrurallivelihoodsandnationaleffortsin
povertyalleviationandfoodsecurity,arehighlysignificant.Newtradeagreementsand
requirementsgeneratedbytheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)furtherreinforcedthe
necessityforimprovedliveaquaticanimalhealthmanagement.Recognisingtheneedfora
region-wideapproachtoaquaticanimalhealthmanagement,thenationalgovernmentsof
countriesoftheAsiaRegionrequestedFAO,throughNACA,toassistproductionofasetof
technicalguidelinesthatcouldbeusedtoimproveandharmoniseaquaticanimalhealth
managementstrategiesforresponsibletrans-boundaiymovementofliveaquaticanimals.
AMnovFeAmOenTtecohfnLiicvaelACqou-aotpiecraAtniiomnalPsr"owgarsamlmaeun(cThCeP)dPbryojNeActCA-“iAnss1i9s9t8a,ncweitfhortthheepRaertsipcoinpsaitbiloen
of21countriesfromthroughouttheregion.ThisprogrammecomplementedFAO'sefforts
inassistingmembercountriestoimplementtherelevantprovisionsinArticle9-
AbqotuhactuhletunraetioDneavlelaonpdmreengtio-naolfltehveelsC.oAdeseotfoCfoGnudiudcitngfoPrriRnceispploenss,ifbolremuFliashteerdiebsy(aCCgRrFo)u,paotf
aquaticanimalhealthexpertsattheRegionalWorkshopheldin1996inBangkok,formed
thebasisforanextensiveconsultativeprocess,between1998-2000,involvinginputfrom
government-designatedNationalCo-ordinators(NCs),theNetworkofAquacultureCentres
inAsia-Pacific(NACA),FAO,theOfficeInternationaldes^pizooties(OIE),andregionaland
internationalspecialists.TheTechnicalGuidelineswereunanimouslyendorsedatthe
FinalWorkshoponAsiaRegionalHealthManagementfortheResponsibleTrans-boundary
Movement ofLive Aquatic Animals, held in Beijing, China, 27'’'-30'i' June 2000.
RecognisingthecrucialimportanceofimplementationoftheTechnicalGuidelines,the
participantspreparedadetailedimplementationstrategy,theBeijingConsensusand
Implementation Strateg>'(BCIS), focussingonNationalStrategiesandwithsupport
throughregionalandinternationalco-operation.TheNCsgaveunanimousendorsementof
theTechnicalGuidelines,inprinciple,asprovidingvaluableguidancefornationaland
regionaleffortsinreducingtherisksofdiseaseduetothetrans-boundarymovementof
liveaquaticanimals,andtheworkshopparticipantsunanimouslyapprovedtheassociated
implementationstrategy'.
ImplementationoftheTechnicalGuidelineswillcontributetosecuringandincreasing
incomeofaquaculturistsinAsiabyminimisingthediseaserisksassociatedwithtrans-
boundarymovementofaquaticanimalpathogens. Theywillalsocontributetoregional
efforts to improve rural livelihoods, within the broader framework ofresponsible
management,environmentalsustainabilityandprotectionofaquaticbiodiversity.
(Keywords;Asia,Aquaculture,HealthManagement,Aquaticanimaldiseases.Quarantine,
HealthCertification,Guidelines)
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PREFACE
TheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)andtheNetworkof
AquacultureCentresinAsia-Pacific(NACA)arcpleasedtopresentthisdocument
entitledAsiaRegionalTechnicalGuidelinesonHealthManagementfortheResponsible
MovementofLiveAquaticAnimalsandtheBeijingConsensusandImplementation
Strategy. The Asia Regional Technical Guidelines onHealthManagementforthe
ResponsibleMovementofLiveAquaticAnimals(hereafterreferredtoasthe"Technical
Guidelines']andtheirassociatedimplementationplan,theBeijingConsensusand
ImplementationStrategyfBCIS],weredevelopedbyrepresentativesfrom 21 Asian
governments', scientistsandexpertson aquaticanimalhealth^J,aswell as by
representatives from several national, regional and international agencies and
organisations-*.
TheTechnicalGuidelinesprovidevaluableguidancefornationalandregionaleffortsin
reducingtherisksofdiseaseduetotrans-boundaiymovementofliveaquaticanimals.
Their implementation will eontribute to securing and increasing income of
aquaculturistsinAsiabyminimisingthediseaserisksassociatedwithtrans-boundarv'
movementofaquaticanimalpathogens.InmanycountriesinAsia,aquacultureand
capture fisheriesprovideamainstayofrural food securityandlivelihoods, and
implementationoftheTechnicalGuidelineswillcontributetoregionaleffortstoimprove
rural liv'elihoods, within the broader framework of responsible management,
environmentalsustainabilityandprotectionofaquaticbiodiversity.
The Technical Guidelines are based on a history ofregional collaboration and
discussion.Theyw’ereinitiatedduetoincreasedrecognitionofdiseaseemergence
beinglinkedtoliveaquaticanimalmovements. Theassociatedeconomiclosses,
impactsonrurallivelihoodsandnationaleffortsin pov'ertyalleviation and food
securitywere recognisedasbeinghighly significant. Newtrade agreements and
requirementsgeneratedbytheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)furtherreinforcedthe
nuepcoenssiwthyicfohrithmeprToevcehdnilciva'leaGquuiadteilcinaensimwaelrehesaulbthsemqaunenatgleymebnats.edT,hweaisnittihalepFrAoOgr/aNmAmCeA,
AsiaRegionalAquaticAnimalHealthManagementProgramme,officiallylaunchedin
1996 with the convening ofthe Regional Workshop on Health and Quarantine
Guidelinesfor the Responsible Movement (Introduction and Transfer) ofAquatic
Organisms,heldinJanuary1996,inBangkok,Thailand.
Thegovernmentsparticipatinginthisregionalprogrammeclearlyrecognisedtheneed
foraregion-wideapproachtoaquaticanimalhealthmanagement.They,therefore,
requestedFAO,throughNACA,toassistproductionofasetoftechnicalguidelinesthat
couldbeusedtoimproveandharmoniseaquatieanimalhealthmanagementstrategies
forresponsibletrans-boundar>'movementofliveaquaticanimals.
c*a»'ToseFSSsucoeienhrescnttirtAecAyhndaennolwnrpeiCeuxtJaxrhu1pgitodIofIheosvehrefenortTeorhnesfe.cmtthehhlnneieiststcleaioslftTGeNoucafihUdnoReilnecigaanilleosCnC.uaotldeoWlriodnrienksai,tnotgrhseGwrthoeorumpr“e|cpRoruWensGte)rnyta"endcdotvhTeeercsphaanrnitcieacniltpiaSttyuipnwpghoicrcothunSmteanryrviscbedesuar<inTnaSguS)odrnam,fetaminrbgeegorifosnthwoehfsoae
^SecAnnexIIIforthebstofagenciesandorganisationsthatparticipatedinthedevelopmentoftheTechnicalGuidelines.
V
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TtAios(bAehhfymn)teipCsN-lFooReAf“nAeAmpdCgOGseuriAusncooTiitntegdsiacnrftitlhoaanhnrn1egmWic9Rmcore9Peaeer8rslfl,ikpoensrCocvcwohnaoiti-snpomhtoltipehpepblpselRthr,ereeheomaselvfFtepidoiinopsrsonatiihmnrsoneeutinrdlPibsi1acrlet9iioseFepn9gAad(6MArtOCroi'abCitovsmyRninecFmlmaB)oeee,aeffgnf9n(2aorgTttr1-oCktPubooAsc)pfokqotu,LuPiohainrnfcvofttejuroahaeliqrAescetumqstsuaneiutras(dafitettTrciiitCoDonchPngameea/nvAlitRnebmmihAalaemarsSonmaliopdlsbu6mshg7eer”feh1ren)oaog4rtluiwtotca(-ahnAonso)autfelnhaelxtetnlxpahretedureivereneent9glCscsssi0oh.io6devnatA5dee.to
consultativeprocess,between1998-2000,involvinginputfromgovernment-designated
National Co-ordinators (NCs), NACA, FAO, OIE, and regional and international
cspoe-coiradliisntast.edBabsyedFoAnOraepnodrtNsAfCrAo,mtthheesefiwnaolrkTsehcohpnsic,alasGwueildlelaisneisntweresreesspiroenaslenatcetidviatineds
dRiesscpuonsssiebdleatTratnhes-bFoiunnadlarWyorMkosvheompentonofALsiivaeARqeugaitoincaAlniHmeaallst,hheMladniangeBemiejnintg,fCorhintahe
27ih-30<'>June2000.
The TechnicalGuidelineswerereviewedanddiscussedbytheparticipantsofthis
meeting,w'hich includedtheNCs, FAO,NACA,OIE(RepresentativesoftheFish
DiseaseCommissionandRegionalRepresentationinTokyo),andmanyregionaland
internationalaquaticanimalhealthmanagementspecialists.TheNCsgaveunanimous
agreementandendorsementoftheTechnicalGuidelines,inprinciple,asproviding
valuableguidancefornationalandregionaleffortsinreducingtherisksofdiseasedue
tothetrans-boundary'movementofliveaquaticanimals.
The States have primary responsibilities for implementation of the Technical
Guidelines, and the workshop recommended that the Technical Guidelines be
integratedwithinnationaldevelopmentplans,andimplementedinaphasedmanner
buildingoncurrentresources.
RecognisingthecrucialimportanceofimplementationoftheTechnicalGuidelines,the
participantspreparedadetailedimplementationstrategy,theBeijingConsensusand
ImplementationStrategy(BCIS),focussingonNationalStrategies^andwithsupport
throughregionalandinternationalco-operation.Thiscomprehensiveimplementation
strategywasunanimouslyadoptedbytheworkshopparticipants.
TheTechnicalGuidelinesarealsosupportedbytheManualofProceduresforthe
ImplementationoftheAsiaRegionalTechnicalGuidelinesonHealthManagementforthe
ResponsibleMovementofLiveAquaticAnimals(hereafterreferredtoastheManualof
Procedures),whichwillbepublishedinlate2000. TheManualofProceduresprovides
background material and detailed technical procedures to assist countries and
territoriesintheAsiaRegioninimplementingtheTechnicalGuidelines.Inaddition,an
AsiaDiagnosbcGuidetoAquaticAnimalDiseaseswaspreparedtosupportregional
countriesindiagnosisofaquaticanimaldisease.Thisdocumentwillalsobepublished
inlate2000.
5beThpeubNlaitsihoendalseSptarraatteegliyesbyofFtAhOe/pNaArtCiAc.ipatingcountriesforimplementationoftheTechnicalGuidelineswill
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ThecountriesthatparticipatedinthedevelopmentoftheTechnicalGuidelinesand
BCISareAustralia,Bangladesh,Cambodia,ChinaP.R.,HongKongChina,India,
Indonesia,Iran,Japan,Korea(D.P.R.),Korea(R.O.),Lao(P.D.R.),Malaysia,Myanmar,
Nepal,Pakistan,thePhilippines,Singapore,SriLanka,ThailandandVietnam.
FAO and NACA extend special thanks to all the governments, agencies, and
organisationsthattookpartinthissignificant,andsometimesdaunting,endeavour,
aswellastoalltheindividualswhogenerouslycontributedtime,effortandexpertise
tothecompilationofthisdocumentandotherinformationproduced duringthe
process.
IchiroNomura
AssistantDirectorGeneral
FisheriesDepartment
FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations
VialedelleTermediCaracalla
00100Rome,Italy
Fax:[phone]
E-mail:[email protected]@fao.org
Website:http://www.fao.org/fi/default.aso
HassanaiKongkeo
Co-ordinator
NetworkofAquacultureCentresinAsia-Pacific(NACA)
DepartmentofFisheries,
KasetsartUniversityCampus,Ladyao,Jatujak
Bangkok10900,Thailand
Fax:[phone]
E-mail:[email protected]@mozart.inet.co.th
Website:http://naca.fisheries.go.th
vii
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FOREWORD
Movement'ofliveaquaticanimalsisanecessityfordevelopmentofaquacultureon
bothasubsistenceandcommerciallevel.However,suchmovementsincreasethe
probabilityofintroducingnewpathogens,whichcanhavedireconsequenceson
aquaculture,capturefisheriesandrelatedresources,aswellasthelivelihoodswhich
dependonthem.Inordertominimiseoravoidtheriskofpathogentransferviaaquatic
asnuicmhaalctmiovivteiemsenaptpsr,eciitaties,eassnedntpiaarltitchiaptattehien,itnhdeivoivdeuraallslhaenadltohrgmaanniasagteimoensntinpvroolcveesds^.in
Theadversesocial,economicandenvironmentalimpactswhichhaveresultedfromthe
irresponsibleorill-consideredmovementofliveaquaticanimalsandtheirproductshave
led toglobalrecognitionoftheneedforhealthmanagementprotocolstoprotect
aquaculture,fisheriesresourcesandtheaquaticemironment.Inmanycases,these
impactshavebeenadirectresultoftheabsenceofeffectivenationalandregionalhealth
managementstrategies.However,formulationofeffectivequarantinemeasures",health
certificationandguidelinesapplicableonaninternationalscaleiscomplicated.Awide
rangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalcircumstanceshavetobeconsidered,along
withtherangeofaquaticanimalspeciesinvolvedandtheirpathogensanddiseases.In
addition,differingreasonsformovingliveaquaticanimalsandproductsimposea
furthersetofvariablestotheprocess.Nevertheless,theseriousimpactsofunrestricted
regionalandinternationalmovementofaquaticanimalsmeritinternationalrecognition-
afactclearlyreflectedintheMtemationalAquaticAnimalHealthCodeandtheDiagnostic
ManualofAquaticAnimalDiseasesoftheOfficeInternationaldesEpizooties(OIE2000a,
2000b), which provide guidelines and recommendations for reducingthe risk of
spreadingspecific pathogensconsideredrelevanttointernational trade ofaquatic
animals.
Sincepresentinternationalprotocolsarenotalwaysapplicabletothediseaseconcerns
ofaquaticfoodproductionandtradeintheAsiaRegion,theneedforeffectivehealth
metnagementprotocolswhichfocusonthespeciesanddiseaseproblemsofthisregion
hcoanssibdeeernedreacpopgrnoipsreidatefo,rsmiannceymyeaanrys.cAournetgriioensali,nastheoppreogsieodntsohanraetiosnoacli,al,apepcroonaocmhici,s
industrial, environmental, biological and geographical characteristics. A regionally
adopted health management programme wall facilitate trade, and protect aquatic
production(subsistenceandcommercial)andtheemironmentuponwhichtheydepend,
frompreventablediseaseincursions.
'TermsusedinthisdocumentaredefinedinSecuon3.Definitions,oftheTechnicalGuidelmes.
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AjointFAO/NACAAsia-RegionalProgrammeonAquaticAnimalHealthManagement
wasundertakentoreview:
• theneedforbetterhealthmanagementtosupportsafemovementofliveaquatic
animalsand,
• the applicability of existing international codes on aquatic animal health
management,quarantineandhealthcertification,includingthoseoftheOIE,the
EuropecinInlandFisheriesAdvisoryCommission(EIFAC),andtheInternational
CouncilforExplorationoftheSea(ICES)toAsiancircumstances.
Thisreview(seeHumphreyetal. 1997)highlightedthefactthatthediseaserisks
associatedwithpathogentransferintheAsiaRegioncanonlybereducedthrougha
broaderapproachtoaquaticanimalhealthmanagementthancurrentlyoutlinedin
disease-specificcodesofpractice(e.g.,theOIEcode)orincodesandprotocolsdeveloped
specificallyfornorthernhemispherecountries(e.g.,theICESandEIFACcodes).In
addition,itunderlinedtheneedforpre-border(exporter),borderandpost-border
(importer)involvementintheprogramme,toensureco-operativehealthmanagementof
aquatic animal movement. With the support ofan FAO Technical Co-operation
Programme(TCP)implementedbyNACA,thisdocumentwascompiledbyagroupof
aquaticanimalhealthexpertswithinandoutsidetheregiontoassistthedevelopmentof
effectiveheadthmanagementproceduresforsafemovementofliveaquaticanimals
withinandbetweencountriesintheregion.ItsummarisestheresultsoftheFAO-NACA
reviewprocessandproposespracticalandeffectiveregionalguidelinesforreducingthe
risksassociatedwithtransferofpathogensintheAsiaRegion.
X
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