Table Of ContentAsia-Pacific Security Dynamics
in the Obama Era
A new world emerging
S. Mahmud Ali
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1 POLITICS IN ASIA
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Asia-Paci c Security Dynamics in the
Obama Era
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br ThisbookexaminesthecriticalchangestotheAsia-Pacificsecurityarchitecture
e
F emerging inthecontextofshiftsintheglobalorderastheObamaAdministra-
8 tion’smajorstrategicinnovationandlikelylegacyunfold.Theauthorreviewsthe
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3 state of the international security system during the Obama presidency,
:2 recording the Administration’s Asia-Pacific inheritance, and tracing its efforts
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1 to chart a collaborative course aimed at retaining US primacy amidst strategic
at turbulence. While security discourses are coloured by relative US ‘decline’
y] and China’s ‘rise’, the book points out the competitive–cooperative complex-
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si ityof interactions, with symbiotic economic ties moderating rivalry. Focusing
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ve on the military-security cutting edge of Sino-US dynamics, the narrative out-
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n lines the dangers posed by extreme nationalist dialectics in an interdependent
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s milieu. It examines the policies of Japan, Australia, India and Russia towards
e the evolving Sino-US diarchy, while recording Washington’s and Beijing’s con-
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r trastingapproachestothesealliesandpossibleadversaries.Thebookconcludes
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m with observations on the loss of definition and clarity as the system evolves
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b with multiple actors bidding for influence, and the need for statesmanship
a as the systemic fulcrum moves from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
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ThisbookwillbeofinteresttostudentsandscholarsofInternationalPolitics,
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e Asian Politics, American Politics, International Security and International
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ni Relations.
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y S. Mahmud Ali is an Associate at the London School of Economics’ IDEAS
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Politics in Asia series
Formerly edited by Michael Leifer
London School of Economics
ASEANandtheSecurityofSouth-EastAsia KoreaversusKorea
MichaelLeifer Acaseofcontestedlegitimacy
B.K.Gills
7 China’sPolicytowardsTerritorialDisputes
1 ThecaseoftheSouthChinaSeaislands TaiwanandChineseNationalism
0 Chi-kinLo Nationalidentityandstatusininternational
2
y IndiaandSoutheastAsia society
ar Indianperceptionsand ChristopherHughes
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br policies ManagingPoliticalChangeinSingapore
e MohammedAyoob Theelectedpresidency
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8 GorbachevandSoutheastAsia KevinY.L.TanandLamPengEr
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3 LeszekBuszynski IslaminMalaysianForeignPolicy
2 ShantiNair
: IndonesianPoliticsunderSuharto
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1 Order,developmentandpressure PoliticalChangeinThailand
at forchange Democracyandparticipation
] MichaelR.J.Vatikiotis KevinHewison
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si TheStateandEthnicPoliticsin ThePoliticsofNGOsinSoutheastAsia
er SoutheastAsia ParticipationandprotestinthePhilippines
iv DavidBrown GerardClarke
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U ThePoliticsofNationBuilding MalaysianPoliticsUnderMahathir
es andCitizenshipinSingapore R.S.MilneandDianeK.Mauzy
at MichaelHillandLianKwenFee
r IndonesiaandChina
mi PoliticsinIndonesia Thepoliticsofatroubledrelationship
E Democracy,Islamandtheideologyof RizalSukma
b tolerance
ra DouglasE.Ramage ArmingtheTwoKoreas
A State,capitalandmilitarypower
d CommunitarianIdeologyandDemocracy Taik-youngHamm
e inSingapore
t
ni Beng-HuatChua EngagingChina
U Themanagementofanemergingpower
by [ TLhoeuiCsehBalrloewngneofDemocracyinNepal EandditeRdobbyerAtSla.sRtaoirssIainJohnston
ed Japan’sAsiaPolicy Singapore’sForeignPolicy
d WolfMendl
a Copingwithvulnerability
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l TheInternationalPoliticsoftheAsia-Pacific, MichaelLeifer
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w 1945–95
PhilippinePoliticsandSocietyin
o MichaelYahuda
D theTwentiethCentury
PoliticalChangeinSoutheastAsia Coloniallegacies,post-colonialtrajectories
Trimmingthebanyantree Eva-LottaE.HedmanandJohnT.Sidel
MichaelR.J.Vatikiotis
ConstructingaSecurityCommunityin
HongKong SoutheastAsia
China’schallenge ASEANandtheproblemofregionalorder
MichaelYahuda AmitavAcharya
MonarchyinSouthEastAsia China,ArmsControlandNonproliferation
Thefacesoftraditionintransition WendyFrieman
RogerKershaw
CommunitarianPoliticsinAsia
KoreaAftertheCrash EditedbyChuaBengHuat
Thepoliticsofeconomicrecovery
EastTimor,AustraliaandRegionalOrder
BrianBridges
Interventionanditsaftermathin
TheFutureofNorthKorea SoutheastAsia
EditedbyTsuneoAkaha JamesCotton
7 TheInternationalRelationsofJapanand DomesticPolitics,InternationalBargaining
1
0 SouthEastAsia andChina’sTerritorialDisputes
2
y Forginganewregionalism Chien-pengChung
r SueoSudo
a DemocraticDevelopmentinEastAsia
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r PowerandChangeinCentralAsia BeckyShelley
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Fe EditedbySallyN.Cummings InternationalPoliticsofthe
8 ThePoliticsofHumanRightsinSoutheast Asia-Pacificsince1945
0 Asia MichaelYahuda
3 PhilipEldridge
2 AsianStates
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3 PoliticalBusinessinEastAsia Beyondthedevelopmentalperspective
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t EditedbyEdmundTerenceGomez EditedbyRichardBoydandTak-WingNgo
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] SingaporePoliticsunderthePeople’sAction CivilLife,Globalization,andPolitical
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it Party ChangeinAsia
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r DianeK.MauzyandR.S.Milne Organizingbetweenfamilyandstate
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v EditedbyRobertP.Weller
i MediaandPoliticsinPacificAsia
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U DuncanMcCargo RealismandInterdependenceinSingapore’s
ates JBaepyaonnedseJaGpoavnerInnacn.ce FNoarreaiygannPanoliGcyanesan
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i EditedbyJenniferAmyxandPeterDrysdale PartyPoliticsinTaiwan
m
E ChinaandtheInternet Partychangeandthedemocraticevolution
b Politicsofthedigitalleapforward ofTaiwan,1991–2004
a DafyddFell
r EditedbyChristopherR.Hughesand
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d GudrunWacker StateTerrorismandPoliticalIdentityin
e Indonesia
t ChallengingAuthoritarianisminSoutheast
i Fatallybelonging
n Asia
U ArielHeryanto
ComparingIndonesiaand
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d EditedbyArielHeryantoandSumit InternationalPeace
e K.Mandal EditedbyEdwardFriedman
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oa CooperativeSecurityandtheBalanceof JapanandChinaintheWorldPolitical
nl PowerinASEANandtheARF Economy
w RalfEmmers EditedbySaadiaM.Pekkanenand
o
D IslaminIndonesianForeignPolicy KelleeS.Tsai
RizalSukma OrderandSecurityinSoutheastAsia
EssaysinmemoryofMichaelLeifer
Media,WarandTerrorism
EditedbyJosephChinyongLiowandRalf
ResponsesfromtheMiddleEast
Emmers
andAsia
EditedbyPeterVanderVeerandShoma StateMakinginAsia
Munshi EditedbyRichardBoydandTak-WingNgo
US–ChinaRelationsinthe21stCentury SecurityandMigrationinAsia
Powertransitionandpeace Thedynamicsofsecuritisation
ZhiqunZhu EditedbyMelissaG.Curley&WongSiu-lun
EmpireandNeoliberalisminAsia PoliticalTransitionsinDominantParty
EditedbyVediR.Hadiz Systems
Learningtolose
SouthKoreanEngagementPoliciesandNorth
EditedbyEdwardFriedmanandJosephWong
Korea
Identities,normsandthesunshinepolicy TortureTruthandJustice
7 SonKey-young ThecaseofTimor-Leste
1 ElizabethStanley
0 ChineseNationalismintheGlobalEra
2
y ChristopherR.Hughes ARisingChinaandSecurityinEastAsia
r Identityconstructionandsecuritydiscourse
a Indonesia’sWaroverAceh
u RexLi
r LaststandonMecca’sporch
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e MatthewN.Davies RiseofChina
F Beijing’sstrategiesandimplicationsforthe
8 AdvancingEastAsianRegionalism Asia-Pacific
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3 EditedbyMelissaG.CurleyandNicholas EditedbyHsin-HuangMichaelHsiaoand
2 Thomas Cheng-yiLin
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1 PoliticalCulturesinAsiaandEurope GovernanceandRegionalisminAsia
at Citizens,statesandsocietal EditedbyNicholasThomas
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ty JeanBlondelandTakashiInoguchi ConstructingaSecurityCommunityin
si SoutheastAsia
er RethinkingInjusticeandReconciliationin ASEANandtheproblemofregionalorder
iv NortheastAsia Secondedition
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U TheKoreanexperience AmitavAcharya
es EPdairtkedanbdyDGai-qWinogoYkaSnhgin,Soon-Won EastAsia’sNewDemocracies
at Deepening,reversal,non-liberalalternatives
ir ForeignPolicyMakinginTaiwan Yin-WahChuandSiu-lunWong
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Fromprincipletopragmatism
E China’sMultilateralCo-operation
b DennisVanVrankenHickey inAsiaandthePacific
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r TheBalanceofPowerinAsia-Pacific InstitutionalizingBeijing’s‘GoodNeighbour
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ed SUeSc–uCrihtyinapoliciesonregionalorder PCohliiecny-’pengChung
it LiselotteOdgaard
n TheInternationalPoliticsoftheAsia-Pacific
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y Aspectsandlimitationsofadevelopment MichaelYahuda
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d model Asia-PacificSecurityDynamicsinthe
e EditedbyRobertAshandJ.MeganGreen
d ObamaEra
oa ElectionsasPopularCultureinAsia Anewworldemerging
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Asia-Paci c Security Dynamics
in the Obama Era
A new world emerging
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8 S. Mahmud Ali
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Firstpublished2012
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2012S.MahmudAli
7 TherightofS.MahmudAlitobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeen
1 assertedbyhiminaccordancewiththeCopyright,
0 DesignsandPatentAct1988.
2
y Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor
ar utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now
u knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin
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b anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting
e
F fromthepublishers.
8 Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor
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3 registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation
2 withoutintenttoinfringe.
:
3
1 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
t AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
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] LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
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t Ali,S.Mahmud,1952-
si Asia-PacificsecuritydynamicsintheObamaera:anewworldemerging/
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e S.MahmudAli.
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i p.cm.--(PoliticsinAsia;82)
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U Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
es I1S.BSNecu9r7it8y-,0I-4n1te5r-n6a7t0i5o4n-a8l-(-hAasridab.a2c.kS)e-c-uIrSitBy,NIn9te7r8n-0a-t2io0n3a-8l-0-P88a1c-ifi8c(eA-breoao.k)
at 3.Nationalsecurity--Asia.4.Nationalsecurity--PacificArea.5.Asia--
ir Politicsandgovernment--1945-6.PacificArea--Politicsandgovernment.
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7.UnitedStates--Foreignrelations--Asia.8.UnitedStates--Foreign
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b relations--PacificArea.9.Asia--Foreignrelations--UnitedStates.10.Pacific
a Area-Foreignrelations--UnitedStates.I.Title.
Ar JZ6009.A75A452011
d 3550.03305--dc22
e 2011001227
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U ISBN978-0-415-67054-8(hbk)
[ ISBN978-0-203-80881-8(ebk)
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Contents
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br Acknowledgements viii
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F Acronyms/Abbreviations ix
8 Preface xii
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3 Prologue: shifting tectonic plates 1
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] 1 Obama’s early initiatives and Beijing’s response 19
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Notes 167
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ni Index 215
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Acknowledgements
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br This book is the fruit of a research project which has benefited from help and
Fe advice offered by a number of academics, analysts and practitioners from
8 severalcountries.Itwouldbedifficulttonamealltheindividuals,andpernicious
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3 to name only a few, but some key contributions must be acknowledged. Pro-
2
: fessors Wang Gungwu in Singapore, Joseph Nye in Harvard, Sir Lawrence
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1 Freedman at King’s College, London, Arne Westad at the London School
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a of Economics and Political Science, and Dr Peter Mangold in Oxford have
y] shared information, analyses and insights, and offered encouragement. The
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si People’sLiberationArmyAcademyofMilitaryScience,byhostingmeduring
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ve their third biennial Xiangshan Forum in Beijing in October 2010, afforded
i
n opportunities for exploring Chinese, especially PLA, perspective on systemic
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s and subsystemic security concerns. The inferences drawn from these exercises
e are, however, mine, as is the responsibility for any factual error or analytical
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Acronyms/Abbreviations
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br ABC Australian Broadcasting Corporation
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F ABM Anti-ballistic missile
8 AD Air defence
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3 ADMM+ ASEAN Defence Ministerial Meeting Plus
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: AFP Agence France-Presse
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1 AFPC American Foreign Policy Council
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a AFPS American Forces Press Service
y] AJIA Australian Journal of International Affairs
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si AJISS Association of Japanese Institutes of Strategic Studies
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ve AOR Area of Responsibility
i
n AP Associated Press
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s ASAT Anti-satellite
e ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
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a
r ARF ASEAN Regional Forum
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m
ASPI Australian Strategic Policy Institute
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b A2/AD Anti-access/Area-denial
a AWC Army War College
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BMD Ballistic missile defence
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e BMDA Ballistic Missile Defence Agency
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ni BMDR Ballistic Missile Defence Review Report
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CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences
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y CASS Chinese Academy of Social Science
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d CD China Daily
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d CFR Council on Foreign Relations
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o CICIR China Institute of Contemporary International Relations
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n CII Confederation of Indian Industry
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o CIS China International Studies
D
CISAC Centre for International Security and Cooperation
CJCS Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
CJIP The Chinese Journal of Political Science
CLAWS Centre for Land Warfare Studies
CLM China Leadership Monitor
CMC Central Military Commission
