Table Of ContentASEAN and Human Trafficking
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International Studies
in Human Rights
VOLUME 109
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ishr
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asean and Human Trafficking
Case Studies of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam
By
Naparat Kranrattanasuit
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kranrattanasuit, Naparat, author.
ASEAN and human trafficking : case studies of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam / By Naparat
Kranrattanasuit.
p. cm. -- (International studies in human rights ; volume 109)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-26517-2 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-26518-9 (e-book)
1. Human trafficking--South East Asia. 2. ASEAN. 3. Human trafficking--Cambodia. 4. Human trafficking
--Thailand. 5. Human trafficking--Vietnam. I. Title.
KNC982.H86K73 2014
345.259’025--dc23
2014016829
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Issn 0924-4751
isbn 978-90-04-26517-2 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-26518-9 (e-book)
Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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The Author dedicates this book to all victims of human trafficking
∵
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Contents
Preface x
Acknowledgments xi
List of Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Statement of Problem and the Objectives of the Research 1
1.2 The Reasons of Examining Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam
as Case Studies 4
1.3 The Significant Substance and Structure of this Book 5
2 Overview of asean and Its Influence on Community-Building between
Internal and External Regions 8
2.1 Establishment of asean 10
2.2 The Origin and Evolution of asean 11
2.3 Actual Political Influence of asean 14
2.3.1 Vietnamese Invasion of Cambodia 14
2.3.2 South China Sea Dispute 16
2.4 Potential Human Rights Influence of asean 19
2.4.1 Three-Pillar Community Integration 20
2.4.2 asean Way 25
2.5. Debates on Human Rights Approach of asean 25
2.5.1 Discussion of the “asean Way” 26
2.5.2 Achievements and Challenges of asean Regional Forum 32
2.6 asean’s Mobilization on Human Trafficking 47
Conclusion 50
3 asean’s Struggle to Combat Human Trafficking 52
3.1 Inadequacy of Counter-Human Trafficking Law of asean 53
3.1.1 Lack of Common Counter-Human Trafficking Norms 53
3.1.2 Deficiency of Current Counter-Human Trafficking Law 61
3.2 Dysfunctional Counter-Human Trafficking Structure of asean 72
3.2.1 Background of Counter-Human Trafficking Structure 72
3.2.2 Critique of the Separation between Human Trafficking and Labour
Migration 74
3.2.3 Need for Collaboration among Human Rights Bodies 79
3.3 Insufficient Powers of Existing asean Human Rights Bodies against
Human Trafficking 84
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viii contents
3.3.1 The Lack of Monitoring, Evaluation, and Data Collection on
Achievements and Challenges of the National and Regional
Policies 85
3.3.2 The Lack of State or Individual Complaints Admission 92
Conclusion 95
4 Challenges of National Responses of Asean Member States to
Human Trafficking: Case Studies of Cambodia, Thailand and
Vietnam 97
4.1 Background of Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam 98
4.1.1 Origin of Human Trafficking Phenomenon in Cambodia,
Thailand, and Vietnam 98
4.1.2 Membership of Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam 105
4.2 Arguments of Legal Commitments of Cambodia, Thailand,
and Vietnam to Counter-Human Trafficking and National
Anti-Human Trafficking Law of Cambodia, Thailand, and
Vietnam 107
4.2.1 Discussion over the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children 108
4.2.2 National Anti-Human Trafficking Law of Cambodia, Thailand,
and Vietnam 112
4.2.3 Counter-Human Trafficking Practice in Cambodia, Thailand, and
Vietnam 128
Conclusion 150
5 A Proposal for Asean Regional Reform: The Establishment of Asean
Declaration of the Promotion and Protection of Trafficking Victims
(Adtv) and Asean Commission on The Promotion and Protection of
Trafficking Victims (Actv) 152
5.1 Recommendations of the Selective Measures of asean
Declaration on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights
of Trafficking Victims (adtv) 153
5.1.1 Necessity of Creating adtv: Deficiency of Existing asean
Regional and National Anti-Human Trafficking Laws 153
5.1.2 The Selective Measures of adtv 156
5.1.3 Feasibility of asean’s Acceptance of adtv 176
5.2 Recommendations of the Selective Qualification and Power
of asean Commission on the Promotion and Protection
of the Rights of Trafficking Victims (actv) 179
5.2.1 Need for Forming actv 181
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contents ix
5.2.2 Analysis of Selective Qualification and Monitoring Power of
actv 185
5.2.3 Possibility of asean’s Admission of actv 207
Conclusion 209
6 Conclusion 210
APPENDIX A: Comparative Table of Trafficking Law Provisions of the UN
Palermo Protocol and the National Anti-Human Trafficking Laws of
Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam 215
APPENDIX B: ASEAN Member Countries on Corruption 241
Bibliography 242
Index 279
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