Arts Education advocacy Handbook

108 Pages·2012·10.25 MB·English

by  Robert Bullwinkel

Arts
Education
Advocacy
Handbook
Table of Contents
Overview
FCOE position paper 2-3
Preparing Students for the Next America 4-9
Re-Investing in Arts Education 10-17
Eloquent Evidence: Arts at the Core of Learning 18-26
Summary of Additional Research 27-28
Closing the Achievement Gap
Embracing Arts Education to Achieve Title 1 Goals 30-39
The Arts Education Effect 40-42
Arts Facts . . . Improved Academic Performance 43
Staying in School (excerpt) 44-47
Arts Facts . . . SAT Scores and the Arts 48
Artist Habits of Mind 49
Arts Facts . . . Impact on Cognitive Development 50
Arts Learning Anchor Schools Initiative 51-55
21st Century Workforce
Ready to Innovate 57-60
Arts Facts . . . Preparing Students for the Workplace 61
Arts Facts . . . Creative Industries 62
The Skills Connection... 63-66
The Impact of Arts Education on Workforce Preparation 67-80
Thinking Creatively and Competing Globally (excerpt) 81-87
Planning for Success
Leading the Way to Arts Education (excerpt) 89-90
Critical Success Factors (excerpt) 91-104
Websites for Further Research 105
Overview
This section provides articles and fact sheets that demonstrate the need
for high quality arts education in schools. This includes dance, music,
theatre and visual arts instruction by arts specialist teachers. It also
includes instruction by multiple subjects teachers and teachers in other
content areas who integrate the arts. It can also include after school
programs either as stand alone arts classes or as arts integrated classes.
Key ingredients for all arts instruction
•Standards-based--aligned with the California Visual and Performing Arts
Framework and Content Standards
•Comprehensive--all four arts disciplines are taught at the school
•Sequential--skills are scaffolded throughout the year and from grade to
grade
2

!
"#$%!&'!()%'!*+,-$%./0!$0+!"#1!&'!&%!&23/)%$0%4!
!
5#6!7.',$8!$0+!96):/)2.0;!()%'!<7(9(=!.0!>$8.:/)0.$!?-#//8'!()6!@!
!
!"#$%"&!"#!$"%&'(!)*#+&(!,-'"./'!"%0!1+#*"2!3/.#!!
45*/&'6!1+#*"2!"%0!7'/85/9+%:!3/.#!;/"9'<5/=!85/!>"2+85/%+"!7*?2+&!4&-552#(!@'?#+.'6!<<<A&0'A&"A:5BC&+CBDC&8C!
'
()%&)*"&!?E!.-'!4.".'!F0*&".+5%!>50'!85/!:/"0'#!GHGI!J4'&.+5%#!KGIGL!"%0!KGIGM!
45*/&'6!>"2+85/%+"!$'D"/.9'%.!58!F0*&".+5%(!@'?#+.'6!-..D6CC<<<A2':+%85A&"A:5BC!
!
+,$-%"&'.5!.-'!>"2+85/%+"!NHGI!1373!;/"9'<5/=!"%0!>5%.'%.!4."%0"/0#!
45*/&'6!>"2+85/%+"!$'D"/.9'%.!58!F0*&".+5%!@'?#+.'6!<<<A&0'A&"A:5BC&+CBDC&8C! !
'
.%/*012*"&'34!-+:-2E!O*"2+8+'0!.'"&-'/#!JP5!>-+20!Q'8.!R'-+%0!3&.!58!ILLGM!+%!"!&59D/'-'%#+B'!"%0!
#'O*'%.+"2!9"%%'/!0*/+%:!.-'!/':*2"/!#&-552!0"E!!
45*/&'#6!>"2+85/%+"!$'D"/.9'%.!58!F0*&".+5%!@'?#+.'6!<<<A&0'A&"A:5BC&+CBDC&8C!!! SA4A!$'D"/.9'%.!58!F0*&".+5%(!@'?#+.'6!<<<A'0A:5BC%&2?C! !
'
516670*"&!?E!1373!.'T.?55=#!"%0!9".'/+"2#!"05D.'0!?E!.-'!4.".'!R5"/0!58!F0*&".+5%!
45*/&'6!>"2+85/%+"!4.".'!R5"/0!58!F0*&".+5%(!@'?#+.'6!<<<A&0'A&"A:5BCRFC!
!
!
+//$/*"&!?E!-+#.5/+&!#.".'!8*%0+%:!58!.-'!3/.#!"%0!)*#+&!?25&=!:/"%.#!J5B'/!UGLL!9+22+5%!E'"/2E(!ILLVHLWM!.5!
?'!#D'%.!85/!.-'!85225<+%:!
• D/58'##+5%"2!0'B'25D9'%.!58!.'"&-'/#!"%0!"09+%+#./".5/#!
• ?55=#(!'O*+D9'%.(!9".'/+"2#!"%0!#*DD2+'#!
• -+/+%:!58!&/'0'%.+"2'0!0"%&'(!9*#+&(!.-'"./'!"%0!B+#*"2!"/.#!.'"&-'/#!!
!
45*/&'6!>"2+85/%+"!$'D"/.9'%.!58!F0*&".+5%(!@'?#+.'6<<<A&0'A&"A:5BCD0C&"CBDCB"D"LX8"O#A"#D!
!
(0+!5#$%A'!&23/)%$0%!B6-$,'6@!
!
()%'!6+,-$%./0!C606:.%'!C/%#!%6$-#6)'!$0+!'%,+60%'!!
Y%!#&-552#!<+.-!#./5%:!"/.#!&2+9".'#(!.'"&-'/#!"%0!#.*0'%.#!?5.-!?'%'8+.A!,'"&-'/#!85*%0!#.*0'%.#!
<-5!-"0!/'&'+B'0!-+:-!2'B'2#!58!"/.#!./"+%+%:!.5!?'!95/'!&55D'/".+B'!"%0!95/'!<+22+%:!.5!#-"/'!<-".!
.-'E!-"0!2'"/%'0!.-"%!#.*0'%.#!<+.-!25<!2'B'2#!58!"/.#!./"+%+%:A!Z[+:-H"/.#Z!#.*0'%.#!<'/'!?'..'/!"?2'!
.5!'TD/'##!.-'+/!+0'"#(!*#'!.-'+/!+9":+%".+5%#!"%0!."='!/+#=#!+%!2'"/%+%:(!"#!/'D5/.'0!?E!.'"&-'/#A!
[+:-H"/.#!#.*0'%.#!-"0!?'..'/!/"DD5/.!<+.-!.'"&-'/#!"%0!.'"&-'/#!+%!"/.#H/+&-!#&-552#!0'95%#./".'0!
95/'!+%.'/'#.!+%!.-'+/!<5/=!"%0!<'/'!95/'!2+='2E!.5!?'&59'!+%B52B'0!+%!D/58'##+5%"2!0'B'25D9'%.!
'TD'/+'%&'#A!,-'E!<'/'!"2#5!95/'!2+='2E!.5!?'!+%%5B".+B'!+%!.-'+/!.'"&-+%:A!!
!!! 45*/&'6!!"#$%&'()*'+*!"#(,-.*/"-*0$%#12*'+*2"-*342)*'(*5-#4(&(,(!'0A!F0<"/0!RA!!;+#='(!GWWW(!3/.#!F0*&".+5%!7"/.%'/#-+D!
!
5#6!C606:.%'!/:!$)%'!6+,-$%./0!+/0A%!'%/3!$%!%#6!-8$'')//2!+//)D!
,-'!O*"2+.".+B'!"%0!O*"%.+.".+B'!8+%0+%:#!58!"%!'0*&".+5%!/'85/9!D/5:/"9!.-".!D2"&'#!"!-+:-!B"2*'!
5%!.-'!"/.#!85*%0!.-".!Z.-'!"/.#!05!&5%./+?*.'!.5!.-'!:'%'/"2!#&-552!&*//+&*2*9(!.5!2'"/%+%:!85/!"22!
#.*0'%.#(!.5!#&-552!"%0!D/58'##+5%"2!&*2.*/'(!.5!'0*&".+5%"2!"%0!+%#./*&.+5%"2!D/"&.+&'#(!"%0!.5!.-'!
#&-552#\!%'+:-?5/-550#!"%0!&599*%+.+'#A]!
45*/&'6!>/+.+&"2!Q+%=#6!Q'"/%+%:!+%!.-'!3/.#!"%0!4.*0'%.!3&"0'9+&!"%0!45&+"2!$'B'25D9'%.(!^+&-"/0!_A!$'"#E(!ILLI(!3/.#!F0*&".+5%!7"/.%'/#-+D!!
1111 Van Ness Avenue • Fresno, California 93721-2000
[phone] • TDD [phone] • Web Site: www.fcoe.k12.ca.us • Fax [phone]
3
!
()%'!6+,-$%./0!C606:.%'!%#6!C)$.0!$0+!%)$0':6)'!%/!/%#6)!86$)0.0;D!
,-/''H`'"/!4.*0E!3.!4'B'%!)"a5/!S%+B'/#+.+'#!;+%0#!4./5%:!Q+%=#!
R'.<''%!3/.#!F0*&".+5%!3%0!>5:%+.+B'!$'B'25D9'%.!
!
@"#-+%:.5%(!$>(!)"/&-!b(!ILLc!d!Q'"/%+%:(!3/.#(!"%0!.-'!R/"+%(!"!#.*0E!.-/''!E'"/#!+%!.-'!
9"=+%:(!+#!.-'!/'#*2.!58!/'#'"/&-!?E!&5:%+.+B'!%'*/5#&+'%.+#.#!8/59!#'B'%!2'"0+%:!*%+B'/#+.+'#!
"&/5##!.-'!S%+.'0!4.".'#A!Y%!.-'!$"%"!>5%#5/.+*9!#.*0E(!/'2'"#'0!.50"E!".!"!%'<#!&5%8'/'%&'!".!
.-'!$"%"!;5*%0".+5%e#!@"#-+%:.5%(!$>!-'"0O*"/.'/#(!/'#'"/&-'/#!:/"DD2'0!<+.-!"!8*%0"9'%."2!
O*'#.+5%6!3/'!#9"/.!D'5D2'!0/"<%!.5!.-'!"/.#!5/!05'#!"/.#!./"+%+%:!9"='!D'5D2'!#9"/.'/f!
!
;5/!.-'!8+/#.!.+9'(!&55/0+%".'0(!9*2.+H*%+B'/#+.E!#&+'%.+8+&!/'#'"/&-!?/+%:#!*#!&25#'/!.5!"%#<'/+%:!.-".!
O*'#.+5%A!!Q'"/%+%:(!3/.#(!"%0!.-'!R/"+%!"0B"%&'#!5*/!*%0'/#."%0+%:!58!.-'!'88'&.#!58!9*#+&(!0"%&'(!
"%0!0/"9"!'0*&".+5%!5%!5.-'/!.ED'#!58!2'"/%+%:A!>-+20/'%!95.+B".'0!+%!.-'!"/.#!0'B'25D!"..'%.+5%!
#=+22#!"%0!#./".':+'#!85/!9'95/E!/'./+'B"2!.-".!"2#5!"DD2E!.5!5.-'/!#*?a'&.!"/'"#A!
!
45*/&'6!$"%"!;5*%0".+5%!<'?#+.'(!<<<A0"%"A5/:!
!
()%'!6+,-$%./0!C,.8+'!'G.88'!:/)!%#6!NU'%!-60%,)1!F/)G:/)-6!
,-'!"/.#!"/'!5%'!.552!*#'0!?E!#.".'#!.5!'%-"%&'!<5/=85/&'!/'"0+%'##!85/!#.*0'%.#!+%!?5.-!.-'!
:'%'/"2!"%0!".H/+#=!D5D*2".+5%#A!7/5:/"9#!+%&5/D5/".+%:!.-'!"/.#!-"B'!D/5B'%!.5!?'!'0*&".+5%"2(!
0'B'25D9'%."22E!/+&-(!"%0!&5#.H'88'&.+B'!<"E#!.5!D/5B+0'!#.*0'%.#!.-'!#=+22#!.-'E!%''0!.5!?'!
D/50*&.+B'!D"/.+&+D"%.#!+%!.50"Ee#!'&5%59EA!3/.#!D/5:/"9#!&59?+%'!"&"0'9+&!"%0!<5/=85/&'!
0'B'25D9'%.!#=+22#!+%!"!9"%%'/!"../"&.+B'!.5!D"/.+&+D"%.#!58!"22!":'!:/5*D#!"%0!'&5%59+&!
?"&=:/5*%0#A!K!
45*/&'6!/"-*0$%#12*'+*342)*6781#2&'(*'(*9'4:+'41-*;4-%#4#2&'(<!Y##*'!R/+'8!ILLIA!P".+5%"2!g5B'/%5/#!3##5&+".+5%!>'%.'/!85/!R'#.!7/"&.+&'#!
!
()%'!6+,-$%./0!.'!#.;#81!K$8,6+!C1!2/'%!(26).-$0'!
P'<!["//+#!7522!^'B'"2#!.-".!Wh!7'/&'%.!58!39'/+&"%#!R'2+'B'!.-".!.-'!3/.#!"/'!1+."2!.5!7/5B+0+%:!"!
@'22H^5*%0'0!F0*&".+5%!
!
3*#.+%(!,id_*%'!Gh(!ILLKA!3!%'<!["//+#!7522!/'2'"#'0!.50"E!5%!.-'!"..+.*0'#!58!39'/+&"%#!.5<"/0!
"/.#!'0*&".+5%!/'B'"2'0!.-".!Wh!D'/&'%.!58!39'/+&"%#!":/''!.-".!.-'!"/.#!"/'!B+."2!.5!D/5B+0+%:!"!
<'22H/5*%0'0!'0*&".+5%!85/!&-+20/'%A!300+.+5%"22E(!Kb!D'/&'%.!/".'0!.-'!+9D5/."%&'!58!"/.#!'0*&".+5%!
"!j.'%]!5%!"!#&"2'!58!5%'!.5!.'%A!
!
,-'!#*/B'E!/'B'"2#!"00+.+5%"2!#./5%:!#*DD5/.!"95%:!39'/+&"%#!85/!"/.#!'0*&".+5%6!
!!!!k!cV!D'/&'%.!58!39'/+&"%#!":/''!.-".!"%!"/.#!'0*&".+5%!'%&5*/":'#!"%0!"##+#.#!+%!.-'!
+9D/5B'9'%.!58!"!&-+20e#!"..+.*0'#!.5<"/0!#&-552A!
!!!!k!ch!D'/&'%.!58!39'/+&"%#!?'2+'B'!.-".!"/.#!'0*&".+5%!-'2D#!.'"&-!&-+20/'%!.5!&599*%+&".'!
'88'&.+B'2E!<+.-!"0*2.#!"%0!D''/#A!
!!!!k!XW!D'/&'%.!58!39'/+&"%#!":/''!.-".!+%&5/D5/".+%:!"/.#!+%.5!'0*&".+5%!+#!.-'!8+/#.!#.'D!+%!"00+%:!
?"&=!<-".e#!9+##+%:!+%!D*?2+&!'0*&".+5%!.50"EA!
!!!!k!XW!D'/&'%.!58!39'/+&"%#!?'2+'B'!.-".!+.e#!+9D5/."%.!'%5*:-!85/!.-'9!.5!:'.!D'/#5%"22E!+%B52B'0!
+%!+%&/'"#+%:!.-'!"95*%.!"%0!O*"2+.E!58!"/.#!'0*&".+5%A!
45*/&'6!39'/+&"%#!85/!.-'!3/.#!<'?#+.'(!<<<A"/.#*#"A5/:!
E/C6)%!B,88F.0G68!
7.',$8!$0+!96):/)2.0;!()%'!>//)+.0$%/)!
*2$.8H!CC,88F.0G68I:-/6D/);!!"6C'.%6H!FFFD:-/6D/);JK$3$!
LLM!NLOPQRMS!TQUVL!</::.-6=!!LLM!WWM!SWRN!<2/C.86=!
??GGGG!1"%!P'##!3B'%*'!U!;/'#%5, California 93721-2000
[phone] $ TDD [phone] $ Web Site: www.fcoe.k12.ca.us $ Fax [phone]
4
Preparing Students
Nefoxr thet America
Cover artwork by Muriel Stockdale
The Benefits of an Arts Education
5
Introduction
Every young person in America deserves a complete and competitive education that
includes the arts. America’s global stature, culture of innovation, and entrepreneurial
spirit depend on the strength of a world-class education system. Perhaps now
more than ever—as the country becomes increasingly diverse, the world more
interconnected, and the workplace more oriented around technology and creativity—
arts education is key to such a system and to ensuring students’ success in school,
work, and life.
For this reason, the Arts Education Partnership (AEP) created ArtsEdSearch.org—the
nation’s first clearinghouse of research examining the mounting body of evidence on
the benefits of an arts education. Drawing on the research in ArtsEdSearch, this bulletin
offers a snapshot of how the arts support achievement in school, bolster skills demanded
of a 21st century workforce, and enrich the lives of young people and communities.
About the Arts Education Partnership
The Arts Education Partnership, a division of the Council of Chief State School Officers,
is dedicated to securing a high quality arts education for every young person in America.
A national coalition of more than 100 education, arts, cultural, government, business, and
philanthropic organizations, AEP was created in 1995 by the National Endowment for the
Arts and the U.S. Department of Education and is administered by the Council of Chief
State School Officers and the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies.
A
6
The arts prepare students
school
for success in .
Arts instruction and arts integrated instruction—lessons
teaching skills and content of an art and non-art subject
in tandem—engage students and increase learning and
achievement. Arts education:
1 Boosts literacy and English Language Arts (ELA)
skills. Arts education helps students become better
readers and writers. Drama instruction, for example,
increases reading readiness and word fluency in
early grades and continues to improve reading
comprehension and writing skills throughout middle
and high school.1, 2 When the arts are integrated with
literacy instruction, all students benefit, especially
English Language Learners and students from
low-income backgrounds.3
4 Develops critical thinking. In a world where students
2 Advances math achievement. Students who must frequently wade through a sea of information to
study the arts, especially music, outperform their determine which facts are trustworthy and relevant
non-arts peers on mathematics assessments.4, 5 Arts to a particular topic, critical thinking skills are key to
integrated math instruction also facilitates mastery college readiness and lifelong learning. Arts education
of computation and estimation skills, and challenging develops students’ critical thinking skills—including
concepts like fractions.6, 7 skills for comparing, hypothesizing, critiquing, and
exploring multiple and alternative viewpoints.11, 12
3 Engages students in school and motivates them to
learn. Arts education helps make learning matter to 5 Improves school culture. Arts education helps foster
students by giving them a medium to connect new a positive culture and climate in schools.13 When
knowledge to personal experiences and express schools integrate the arts across the curriculum,
what they have learned to others. Students who are disciplinary referrals decrease while effectiveness of
typically disengaged in school are more likely to instruction and teachers’ ability to meet the needs
participate in arts and arts integrated classes than of all students increase.14, 15 Arts integration also
in classes where the arts are absent, and students contributes to increasing teacher satisfaction and
who receive arts integrated instruction have higher lowering teacher turnover rates, often challenges for
attendance than those who do not.8, 9, 10 low performing schools.16
B
7
work
The arts prepare students for success in .
Arts education develops thinking skills and capacities key 4 Increases capacity for leadership. Students who
to success in the 21st Century workforce. Arts education: participate in the arts develop leadership skills,
including decision-making, strategy building,
1 Equips students to be creative. Arts education
planning, and reflection.27, 28, 29 They also prepare to
develops creativity, one of the top five skills
use these skills effectively by developing a strong
employers prize for the 21st Century.17 Students
sense of identity and confidence
receiving an arts-rich education perform better on
in their ability to affect the
assessments of creativity than do students receiving
world around them in
little or no arts education.18, 19 Performing arts
meaningful ways.30, 31
students, for example, show greater flexibility and
adaptability in thinking than their peers.20, 21
2 Strengthens problem solving ability. The arts
develop reasoning skills that prepare students to
solve problems. Students who study the arts, for
example, score higher than their peers on tests
measuring the ability to analyze information and solve
complex problems, and are more likely to approach
problems with patience and persistence.22, 23
3 Builds collaboration and communication skills. In
the arts, students learn to articulate their intentions,
receive and offer constructive criticism, and listen
actively to others’ ideas. Art making allows students
to experience what it feels like to be active members
of a community and to work as a team to determine
and achieve common goals.24, 25, 26
C
8
The arts prepare students
life
for success in .
Arts education prepares students to engage
meaningfully in their communities. Arts education:
1 Strengthens perseverance. Arts education
develops students’ capacity to persist in the face of
a challenge. Through arts study, students improve
in their ability to turn barriers into opportunities,
overcome difficulty in completing complex tasks,
and sustain attention.32, 33 In a longitudinal study of
25,000 secondary school students, those with higher
involvement in the arts scored better on measures
of persistence than their peers with lower arts
involvement.34
2 Facilitates cross-cultural understanding. Arts
experiences foster pro-social behaviors and
social tolerance that help prepare students for
life in an increasingly global and culturally diverse
world. Ensemble performance, community mural
community.37, 38 Students who have had an arts-rich
painting, and other group arts experiences in
education volunteer more often and exhibit greater
which participants are from diverse backgrounds
civic engagement than other students.39
demonstrate particular value for developing cross-
cultural understanding.35, 36 4 Fosters a creative community. Students who
study the arts in their school years are more likely
3 Builds community and supports civic engagement.
to engage with the arts in later life as consumers,
Arts programs foster a sense of community among
performers, or creators than their peers who receive
participants that supports their personal, artistic,
no arts education. Additionally, researchers find that
civic, and social development. They also offer a
the more art forms students study, the greater their
vehicle for effecting change in the surrounding
arts participation in adulthood.40