Artificial life VII : proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Artificial Life

564 Pages·2000·199.35 MB·English

by  edited by Mark A. Bedau ... [et al.].

ARTIFICIALLI FEV II
CopyrighMtaetde rial
CompleAxd patiSvyes te(smesl ecttietdl es)
JohnH .H ollda,nC hriosptheGr. L angtoann,dS tewaWrt. W ilsoand,v isors
Adatpaotnii nN aturlaa ndA rtifiiaclS ystmes:A nI ntroduAcntaolryyis sw itAhp plicattioBo ionlso gyC.o ntrol,
andA rtifiicaIln telligJeonhcnHe .H, o lland
GeneticP rogramming: Ont hPer ogrammoifnC go mputebryMs e anosf N aturalS elecnt.Ji oohRn. K oza
IntellgeintB ehaviionAr n imalsa ndR obot.s DavidM cFarlaannddT homaBso sser
GenetPriocgr ammingII :A utomatciD iscovoefryR eusabPlreo graJmoshn. R .K oza
TurtlTeesr.m itaensdT. r acffiJ amsE:x ploratiinMo ansss ivPealrya lMlieclr oworMlditshc.el R esnick
Comparatiev pAproachesto CognitiveS cienecdei.t beydH erbLe.R rtoi btlata ndJ ean-ArcMaedyye r
ArtifiCailL ifeA:n Ov erview. editbeydC hristoGp.hL earn gton
AnI ntroducttoGi eonne tAilcg oritMhemlsan.ie M itchell
Catchgi Onursesli vnte hAec tS:i tuaAtcetdi vIintyt.e ractEimvereg enacned.H umanT houghHtor.s Hte ndriks­
Jansen
ElemenotfAs r tificialN euralN etworKksi.s haMne hrotCrhai,l ukKu.rM io hana,n dS ajnayR anka
GrOWinAgr tifiCiSaolc ietSioecsi:Sa cli enfrcome thBe ottoUmp .J oshuMa. E psteainndR obertA xtell
AnI ntroducttoNi aotnu rCaolm putatDiaonnHa.. B allard
AnI ntrodutcotF iuoznzyS etAsn:a lyasnidsD esgin. WitolPde drycazn dF ernandGoo mide
FromA nimatlosA nima5t:sP roceedoifnt ghsFe ift hI nternationalC onfereonncS ei mulatoifAo dna tpive
BehaVieodri.t beydR olPff eifBerurc,eB lumberJge,a n-ArcaMdeyy e,r andS tewaWr.tW ilson
ArtificialL ifeV IP:r oceedionftg hseS itxh InternatiCoonfnearlne ceo nA rtificiaLlif ee.d itbeydC hristoph
AdamiR,i chaKr.dB elewH,i roaKkiit anaon,dC harlEe.sT aylor
TheS impleG enetci lAgorhimt:F oundatiaonndTs h eoryM.i chaDe.lV ose
AdvanciensG enetPirco gramminVgo:l um3e.e ditbeydL eeS pectWoirl,l iBa.mL angdoUnn,a -MaOy' Reilly,
andP eteJr.A ngeline
Towarad S ciceeno fC onsciousnessII I:T heT hirTdu csoDni scussainodDn esb ateesdi.t beydS tuaRrt.
HameroAtfl,fr eWd. K asniaakn,dD aviJd.C halmers
Truthform TrasHho:w eLarningM akeSse nse. ChriTsh ornton
FromA nimatlosA n imats6 :P roceediofnt ghsSe ix thI nternatiCoonnafle reonncS eim ulation ofA daptive
Behavieodri.t beydJ ean-ArcMaedyye rA,l aiBne rthoDza,r iFol oreaHneor,b eRrto ibtlta,a ndS tewaWrt.
Wilson
Learninagn dS oftC omputinWgi:tS hu pportV ectMoarc hinNese.u rNaeltw orksa.n dF uzzyL ogiMco dels.
VojislKaevc man
ArtifiCiLaifle V II:P roceedignso ft hSee venItnht ernatiCoonnfaerle nceo nA rtifiiaCl Lifeed.i tbeydM arkA .
BedauJ,o hnS .M cCaskiNlolrm,a nH .Pa ckaradn,dS teeRna smussen
CopyrigMhatteedr ial
ARTIFICIALLI FEV II
Proecdeinogfst hSee venItnht earntiaoln
ConfereonnAc rtei ficiLailf e
editebdy M arkA .B edauJ,o hnS .M cCaskiNlolr,m anH .P ackard,
andS teeRna smussen
A BradfoBrodo k
TheM ITP ress
CambridMgaes,s achusetts
LondonE,n gland
CopyrighMtaetde rial
© 200M0a ssachusIenttsst iotfuT teec hnology
All rirgehsetrvseN do. p arto ft hibso ko may be reporducedi na nyfo rmb ya ny eecltrocn oir
mechanimceaaln (si nclupdhiontgo copyreicnogr,d ionrg ,fi ornmatiosntr aogea ndr etriweitvohuatl )
permissiionwrin t ingfr omt he publisher.
Thibso okw asp ritenda ndb ounidn t heU nitSetda tesA meorfi ca.
LibraoryfC ongresCsa taloging-in-PuDbaltiac ation
InternatiCoonnafle reonncArt ei ficiaLilf (e7 t:h2 000:P ortlanOdr,. )
ArtificiaLli fVeI :Ip roceedoifnt ghsse e venItnht ernatiCoonnafle reonncA ert ificiLaifleI e ditbeyd
MarkB eda.u. .l eatl. J.
p. cm.-{Complaedxa ptsiyvset ems)
"AB radfobrodo k."
Inclubdiebsl iograprheifcearle anncdei sn dex.
ISBN0 -262-522(9p0b-kXa. l:kp .a per)
I.B iologsiycsatle ms--Compustiemru ln-a-Ctioongresse2s.B. i ologsiycsatle ms-Simautlion
methos--Cd ongressIe.Ts i.t lArtei:fi cialilfs ee venI.IT .i tlArtei:fi cilailf7 e.I IBIe.d auM,a rk.
IV.T itVl.Se e.r i.e s
QH324.2.1525060 0
570I:1 3-dc21 00-033942
CIP
CopyrighMtaetde rial
Contents
Preafce
xi
MarkA .B edau
IO rigionfL ifSee,l f-OrganiaznadtS ieolnf,- Retpiloinc a
A Sel-RfeplaiticngU nivesraTlu rinMga chineF:r omv onN eumann'Dsr eamt oN ew
Embryonic Circuits 3
HectoFra biRoe streDpaon,i Mealn geM,o shSei pper
Creatian Pgh ysically-Vbiarstelud-a,M etabolwiiths mSo liCde llulAaurt omata 13
AlanD orin
Sel-Rfeplciating WormsTh at IncreaSstreu ctuCroamlp lexithtryo ughG ene
Transmission 21
HiraSkaiy ama
Self-OrganiisnMa itciroon- ConfigHuarradbwlaer e 31
UweTangen
ReactiMoenc hanismins the0 0C hemistry 39
HugueBse rsini
A LesAsb stracAtr tificial Chemistry 49
PietSrpoe rodniFi e nizio
ChemicEavlo lutiaomnon gA rtifiPcrioalt o-cells 54
YasuhiSruoz ukHii,r osThain aka
A Searcfho Mrul tipleA utocatalSyettiisnc A rtifCihceimiaslt rbiaesse odn B oolean
Networks 64
Harald Hiining
Searchinfgo rRh ythmsin AsynchronoRuasn domB ooleaNne tworks 73
EzequAi.eD li P aolo
LevelosfC ompartmenitzaaltiino Anl ife 81
S.Ka zadiD,. L eeR.,M odiJ,. WS.yL u,e
ExplorinGga iaT heorAyr:t ifiLciifaoeln a lPanetray Scale 90
KeithD owning
IID evelopmeanntdD ifferentiation
CompleOxr ganizatiinMo unl ticellualsaa Nreicteys siitnEy v olution 103
ChikarFau rusawKau,n ihiKaknoe ko
CopyrighMtaetde rial
vi
SympatrSipce ciatfiroonmI nteriaocnt-incdeudP heontypeD iffenrtieation 113
KunihiKaknoe koT,e tsuYyoam o
EvolutioofGn e netCiocd et hrouIgsho logDoiuvse rsifiocfaC teilolnu Sltaart es 122
HiroaTkaika giK,u nihiKaknoe ko
132
EvolutioofDn i fferentiinaM tuilotni threaDdiegdi tOarlg anisms
ThomaSs.R ayJ,o seFp.hH art
141
Desigbny M orphogenesis
Cefn HoilRei,c haTradt eson
EvolutioNneaurrya Tlo piarGyr:o winagn dS culptinAg rtificNieaulr ontsoO rder 146
AlistGa.iR ru stR,o dA damsH,a miBdo louri
IIIE volutryi aonndAa daptDiyvnea mics
ConnectiavnidtC ya tastrophe-ToawG aerndesr Tahle oryE voofl ution 153
DaviGd. G reeDna,v iNde wthM,i chaGe.lK irley
NeutraSle arcShp acefso Arr tificEivaoll utioAn L:e ssofnr omL ife 162
RobS hipmaMna,r kS hackleMtaorncE, b neRri,c haWradt son
MutualisPma,r asitiasnmd,E volutionAardya ptation 170
RichaAr.dW atsoTno,r stReeni Jlo,r dBa.nP ollack
CoevolviMnugt ualiGsuitdse S imulatEevdo lution 179
MichaeLl. B est
EvolutioonfC ooperatini Soonc iDaill emma-DynamicSayls temGsa me
Approach 186
EizAok iyamKau,n ihiKakon eko
Interactbieotnwse eLne arninagn dE volutiThoen O:u tstandSitnrga tegy
Generatbeydt heB aldwinE ffect 196
TakayAari tRae,i Sjuiz uki
EvolvabiAlniatlyy sDiiss:tr ibutioofHn y perbloinb asV ariable-LPernogtthe in
Genotype Space 206
HideaSkuiz uki
InfluenocfeC hancHei,s toarnyd A daptatoinoE nv olutiinoD ni gitalia 216
Daniel WagCehnraiAasdr a,m i
Ecolyo agndE xtinicotn-MacroevolutiEoxntainrcyt iDoynn amisci na S imulated
Ecosystem 221
StevJaanAy n astofafs
Quantifciatioonf M icroospciEcv entins hteP roceosfsL ong-TeErvmo lutionary
Dynamics 231
ShinicYhoisrhEoii ii,Mc ihyia motYou,k inKaokariz u
CopyrighMtaetde rial
vii
An EcolPaerbs pectiveo nth e BedaEuv oluotinary Statistics 238
RusseKl.Sl tandish
MateC hoicSei:m ploerC omplex? 243
PatriLceiroe na
A Discussion ofth eU seo fA rtifiLciifMaeol d eltsoE valuaGtouel d'Hsyp othesis
abouPtr ogreisnEs v olution 248
PauDlo mjan
ShoulSde edFsl yo rN ot? 253
Tatsuo Unemi
IV Robotasn dA utonomoAugse nts
Connectign BraitnsoR oboTthse:D e velopmoefna t H ybriSdy stefmo trh eS tudy
ofL earnign inN euralT issues 263
BernaDr.dR egeKarr,e nM .F leminVgi,t toSrainog uinSeitmio,An l fordF,e rdinaAn.d a
Mussa-Ivaldi
A 'FitneLsasn dscapinCgo'm parisoofEn v olvReodb oCto ntroSly stems 273
SteJvaaynn aAs atsoff
EvolviPnhgy sicCarelat ures 282
HoLdi psonB,.P oJlolarcdka n
EvolviInngs ect LocoUmsonitgi Noonn -unifCoerlml uAluatro mata 288
EdgaEr.V a llejo, Ferdando Ramos
FromDi recttoOe pde n-Ended Evolution in aC ompleSxi mulatMioodne l 293
MacieKjo mosiAndsakmRi o,t aVraur-ga
ArtifiNceiuarla Dle velopmefnoPtru lseNdeu raNle tworDke sign-
GeneratPilnagc Ree cognitiCoinr cuoiftAns i mats 300
MasayAatssuu mi
EmeregntS MA-NeRto boCto ntrboylC oupleOds cillSaytsotre m 310
YuicShait oT,a kashNia gaHii,r osYhoik oTia,k afumiM izunYou,k inoKakarziu
V CommunicatiCoono,p eratanido nC,o llecBtehiavvei or
DevelopnmteaIln sigihnttsEo v olviSnygs temRso:l eosfD ievrsity, Non-Selteicon,
Self-Organizyamtbiioons,i sS 317
Normna L.J ohnson
ReduciCnogl lectBievhea viouCroamlp lextihtyr oghu Hetreogeneity 327
JoCs.hB o ngard
StudyingA ttentiDoynn amicosf a P redationar P re-yPerdatoSr ytsem 337
ShiInN .i shimura
CopyrighMtaetde rial
viii
On theE mergenocfeP ossessNioornm si nA genSto cieties 343
FelFilxe nDtagnei,Pe olnl iaT,h omUatsh amnn
InvestigattinhgeM echanisUmnsd erlyCionogp eratiinVo ins coPuosp ulation
348
Multi-AgeSnyts tems
JamAe.sR .M arshall,E .RJ oownea than
AintAz :S tudoyf E mergePnrto pertiienas M odelo fA ntF oraging 353
LarsK roKlrli stensen
A Co-evoluMtioodne lo fS coraensd S trategiineI sP DG amesT:o wartdh e
Understanodiftn hgeE mergenocfte h eS ociMaolr als 362
YoshYiakmia guTcshuit,oM maur uyaTmsau,t oHmous hino
On theEf feocft" StoAclke rtisna" n A gent-BaMsoedde lo fa F inancMiaarlk et 367
NorbeEritNjaai w aKa,t sunSohrii moOhsaarKamatu,a i
SemiotSicch ematSae:l ectUinointf so rL inguiCsutlitcu rEavlo lution 372
FredKaeprliacn
TheC ulturaElv olutioonfS yntactCiocn straiinnP thso nology 382
LuSct eels,Y vPeOisude eyrerre -
VI MethodoloagnidTc eaclh noloAgpipclailc ations
Modelinthge Roloef N eutraanld S electMiuvtea tioinn Csa ncer 395
C.C .M aleyS,F. o rrest
FromI ndividtuoaPl osp ulatiAopnpsr,o achteots h eS tudoyf B iological
EmergePnhte nomena 405
Anthony Liekens
TowardasC omprehensive Alifoefth- em Eovdoellu tioofnt heN ervouSsy stem
andA daptive Behavior 410
JanAolsb ert
Market-BaCsaelRdlo utinign T elecommunicatNieotnwso rUkssi nAgd aptive
PricianngdR eaBli dding 420
M.A .G ibnNe.yR ,.J enniNn.fg .Vs r,i end
EvolviSnogl utioonfst heD ensiCtlya ssifiTcaastikin o1 nD C elluAluatro mata,
Guidebdy P arametTehrasEt s timate Their BDeynhaavmiiocu r 428
GinMa.B .O livePierdPar.,oB .D eO liveNiirzaaO,mm ar
CelluAluatro matMao delo fE mergeCnotl lectBiiv-eD irectPieodneaslt rian
Dynamics 437
V.f .B luJeL.,. A dler
UsinFgl octkosD rivae G eographiAcnaall ysEinsg ine 446
JamMeasgic ll
CopyrighMtaetde rial
ix
EmergentD esignA:r tificiLailff eo Ar rchitecture Design 454
Una-MOa'yR eiIlalRnyo ,sP se,t Teers ta
VIITh e BroadCeorn text
John vonN eumann andt heEv olutionGarroyw tho fC ompletxiy:L ooking
Backarwds,L ooking Forwdasr 467
BarMrcyM ullin
What CanW e Learfnr omth e FirEsvto lutionSairmyu latMioodne l? 477
SetBhu llock
ReaAlr tificLiiaflWhe e:r eW e MayB e 487
DavHi.dA ckley
SimulatiMoond elassO paqueTh oughtE xperiments 497
EzeqAu.iD eiPl a oJlaos,No onb lSee,tB hu llock
507
ArtificLiiafales a B ridbgeet weeSnc ienacned P hilosophy
AlvaMroor eno
Artificial Justice 513
JM. cKenziAel exander
EngineerEinmge,r geEnntgi neering,an d Artificial ULnisfuer:p rUinsseu,r prising
Surpriasned,S urprisiSnurpg rise 523
EdmunMd.A .R onaMlods,hS ei pper
Artan d Ar tificialL ife-CAo evolutioAnpaprryo ach 529
GarRy.G reenfield
SynthetciH armonies:A pAnp roactoh M usicSeamli osbiysM eanos fC elullar
Automata 537
EleonBoirlaoP titeaPt,ar not aVnaol,eT railoa rico
ModelinEgm ergenceo fC omplexity:T heA ppliaticono fC ompelxS ystem and
Originof L ifTeh eortyoI netractiveA rto nt heIn tertn e 547
ChriSsotmam erLearu,rM eingnto nneau
ArtificiEalv olutiCorena:tiv itya ndt heP ossible 555
ArantEztaxe berria
AuthorIn dex 563
CopyrighMtaetde rial
Preface
Artificliiafiles a ni ntrediscipyl riensaerarecnthe rrpies investgiatign the fundamentaplro pertieso f
livinsgy stembsy m eanso ft hes imulation ands yntheosfil si fe-plriokcee esssi na rticfiiamle dia.
Althoughi solatsepde cialiinsd tisf fedrisecinplitne sh adw orkeidn th isa refao rm anyd ecades,
perhapst hef irasttt emtpotc ollectthi sd isparwaotrek a nde ncouragei tcsro ss-pollniatoin wast he
confereonnc" eE volunt,iG oames,a ndL earniMnogd:e lfsor A daptatoin inM achniesa nd Natur"e
organizbeydD oyneF armeArl,an Lapedes, NormanP ackaradn,d B urtoWne ndrfofi n1 958a tL os
AlamosTh.i s confenrceew as fololwed by another two yearlsa tethr,i so ne organizebdy
ChristopherL angton andb aptiezd" ArtifiLciifaelS. i"n cteh ent,h ena meh ass tucakn dt heb iennli a
conferenhcaevsec ontinu,em dovintgh rouSgahn tFae ,B ostoNna,ra ,a ndL osAn geles,to Portland.
Theg rothw ofthi s collectvie researecnht erproivseert hep astd ecadaen da halfs,p awninag
numberof p rofessoinalj ournaalnsds pecialcioznefde resnerciees in Europe andA sia,i sn othing
shorto fa stounding.
The artificilailfc eo mmunitiyss tisltrilki nglyin terdisciplThiinsa rcyo.n feretnchese,e venith n
thes erieisn,c ludaeust horisn b ioglyo,p hysiccsh,e mistcroym,p uter science, matheamtics,
psychology, economicrso,b oticinsf,o rmations ciencpeh,y sioloangdy , phiolsophy. The
interdisciplniantuarreoy f a rtifilciifcaerel a tess pecicahla llenIgtei ssh. a rd tok eepa breaosft
relevannte w workw heni tu sesd ifefrnet specialivzoecda bularanide sm ethodologies andi s
publihsed ind isparvaetneu easn,d i ti sh ardt oe stablainsdh fo llow highs tandarodfss cientific
rgiorth atd ifferdeinstipc lines withu nique historainedsi ntelleccotnvueanlto ins wilela ch find
acceptaTbhleec .o incideonfthic es y earc'os nferwiethn ctheeb irothf a enw millennium proivdesa
naturoaplp ortun ity toa ddretshse sceh allenges. Artfiicilailfw ei lrlem ain av italr esercah activity
only ifw e periodiclaololbyka ckwaanrdd r eassoeusrws o rks,ow ec anc ontinuaalulgym enat
foundatioonfs oliadc hievemenWtes .m usta slo epriodicalyl lookf orwaradn di dentitfhyem ost
importaonpte nq uestiosnots h atw e canp romotfer uitrfuesle arch activiatinedse valuathteeri
progreosvse tri meL.oo kign backwaradn df orwaridnt hiwsa ye nabluesst or enew andr edefine
ouri nterdiscipcleinntaoerfrgy ra vitya ndt or eshape the diretiocn off uture researHcehn.c et,h e
themeo ft hisy earc'osn fereLncoeo: king lboaocfkkoiwrnawgar rdd,.
Overa hundredp apers weres ubmittde tot hec onferenancde a,b ouhta loff t heswei llb e
presented ast alThikss .v olume contaianllos f t hepa pers tob ep resentaestd al ks, asw elals s ome
oft hep apertsob ep resentaespd o steArlslo. f th ep aperwse rer evieewdb y atl aestth repee oploen
the progracmo mmittfeoer q ualiotfys cinece, qualiotfyp resentatainodn re,le vance tot he
conferenTchee.p a persf aliln tsoev enb roatdo piacr ea(s1:t )h eo riogifln i fsee,l- forganaitzioan,n d
self-repliicnacutdliiongn a,s trobiolaorgtyi,fi ccihaemlis try,m oleculsaerl f-asbsleyam,n dm olecular
informatpiroonc essi(n2dg)e; v elopmenta ndd ifferentiinacltudiiongn ,m ulticellduelvealorp ment,
gene-regunl aentitwoorks,a ndm orphogeensis;( 3e)v olutionarya nda daptidvyen ami,ci nscluding
modeso fs elect(inoantu ranle,u tralk,i ne,t ce.vo)lv,ab iitly, andc ultuervaotlli uon;r ob(os4t a)n d
autonomouasg entsin,c luidngb io-piinrsedr obost,a utonomous and adaptivea gentsa,n d
evolutoinary robot(i5cc)so ;m municaticoono,p eratainodn c,o llectbievhea ovri,in cludign the
evolutioonf socialli,ng uistiecco,no mic, and techniacl systems(;6 )m ethodological and
technologilca applictaoins,r anging cformomme rce andi dnustyr to medicine;( 7an)d thebr oader
contexitn,cl uding discuosns oift heh istoroircigainls ofa rtifciiall ifpeh,io lsophailca naylsiosf
articfiiall ifed'iss tinceti mvethodologieasnd, connectiboentsw eeanr tciaiflil ifaen d artsitic
creativity.
Creating thisc onfreenech ascr ucilayl dependd eonm any co-goarnizse.Ir a me speciallyin detbedt o
my co-eidtorasn dP rogram Committee Co-ChairsJ:o hnM cCaskiNlolr,m an Packar,da ndS teen
RamsusseThne.ir e xcellsecneitni tfijcud gment oucplde with theri hardw orka nd generousp irsit
made thep roecsso fs hapnig thes cientcihfairca cotfeth ri sc onfreenceesp ecially rewarding and
inpsirinTgh.e b liazrzdo fa ctivt()bi pjlT1g'fJ�tW7��fFctr olmue hasd epended on theg ood